The Experts below are selected from a list of 315 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Jihui Yuan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • evaluation of retro Reflective properties and upward to downward reflection ratio of glass bead retro Reflective Material using a numerical model
    urban climate, 2021
    Co-Authors: Jihui Yuan, Kazuo Emura, Craig Farnham
    Abstract:

    Abstract Recently, retro-Reflective (RR) Materials have been proposed to be applied to building facades instead of diffuse Reflective (DR) Materials for urban heat island (UHI) mitigation. This paper focuses on analyzing the RR performance of glass bead RR Material under different incident angles of light rays by using the proposed bead model. The results show that the retro-reflectivity of bead model increases when the incident angle changes from 10o to 50o with respect to the surface normal, and the retro-reflectivity begins to decrease when the incident angle exceeds 50o with respect to the surface normal. Additionally, this study also analyzes the upward to downward reflection ratio by different incident angles. The results show that the upward to downward reflection ratio decreases and the specular reflection increases when the incident angle changes from small to large. There is strong relationship between upward to downward reflection ratio and incident angle, showing the correlation coefficient (R) is approximately 0.92. Moreover, the retro-reflectivity of bead on representative two days (Jun. 21 and Sep. 23, 2020) in Osaka is calculated using the proposed model. The results show that the retro-reflectivity gradually increases from morning to noon, reaches the maximum at noon, and then gradually decreases from noon.

  • a study on the durability of a glass bead retro Reflective Material applied to building facades
    Progress in Organic Coatings, 2018
    Co-Authors: Jihui Yuan, Kazuo Emura, Craig Farnham
    Abstract:

    Abstract Heat from buildings contributes about 1/2 of the city’s anthropogenic heat to the urban heat island (UHI). The ratio of heat emitted from building external walls occupies about 1/3 of the anthropogenic waste heat total in Japan. Retro-Reflective (RR) Materials applied to building facades instead of highly Reflective (HR) Materials for UHI mitigation are being studied. Glass bead RR Material is one of the main RR Material types. In this study, several glass bead RR Materials with different refractive indices and different color Reflective layers were developed. The long-term change in solar reflectivity and angular distribution of reflection intensity for these glass bead RR Materials was evaluated for purpose of durability verification. The result showed that both the solar reflectivity and angular distribution of reflection intensity for these developed glass bead RR Materials almost have no significant change after 368 days of exposure in the outdoor environment. Moreover, it is shown that the glass bead RR Material with a refractive index of 1.9 has much better RR performance, compared to that with a refractive index of 1.5.

  • development of a retro Reflective Material as building coating and evaluation on albedo of urban canyons and building heat loads
    Energy and Buildings, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jihui Yuan, Craig Farnham, Kazuo Emura
    Abstract:

    Abstract Retro-Reflective Materials (RRM) applied as building coatings are a possible means to help counter urban heat islands. In this research, to improve the durability and Reflective performance of RRM before applying it as a building coating, we have developed a new type of RRM by adding a glass covering with high transmission and high strength, and investigated its durability and retro-Reflective performance by evaluating changes in solar reflectance and retro-reflectance for a period of 485 days. There was almost no degradation on the surface of RRM, and both its solar reflectance and retro-reflectance showed no significant decrease for the period. Its solar reflectance remained around 0.81, and retro-reflectance around 0.44. Additionally, we simulated the influence of building surfaces with different Reflective characteristics on the albedo of urban canyons. A building surface with RRM is the most effective, compared to other Materials with diffuse or mirror Reflective characteristics. Finally, the influence of RRM coating on building thermal loads was simulated. The cooling loads and the total annual thermal loads were both reduced. Thus, it is possible to apply it as a building coating to both mitigate the heat island and reduce the building thermal loads.

  • A study on the accuracy of determining the retro-reflectance of retro-Reflective Material by heat balance
    Solar Energy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jihui Yuan, Craig Farnham, Kazuo Emura
    Abstract:

    Abstract Replacing highly Reflective envelope Materials, retro-Reflective Materials (RRM) used as building coatings can help to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Methods to measure retro-reflectance have been proposed by using different techniques. This paper presents a method to measure retro-reflectance by using the heat balance of RRM mounted on a plate in the outdoor environment. The accuracy of retro-reflectance evaluated by heat balance was corrected, with consideration of the heat losses from experimental reflection plate edges. We examined the influence of plate size on the measurement using plate size of 75 mm, 300 mm, 500 mm and 700 mm square. Results showed the 700 mm plate yields an accuracy of about 1% in measurement of retro-reflectance. The heat losses of plate sizes of 75 mm, 200 mm, 300 mm, 400 mm, 500 mm, 700 mm and 1000 mm square were also modeled by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Results showed the proportion of heat losses to sides of plates evaluated by CFD simulation for the size of 700 mm square is only 1%, with little change for wind speed ranges from 0.2 to 0.8 m/s. It is consistent with the experiment results. Considering the difficulty of workability of a large plate, a plate size of 700 mm square was proposed as sufficiently accurate.

  • evaluation of the solar reflectance of highly Reflective roofing sheets installed on building roofs
    Journal of Building Physics, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jihui Yuan, Kazuo Emura, Hideki Sakai
    Abstract:

    There is a strong need to prevent the heat island effect. One of the important countermeasures to the heat island effect is to reduce thermal storage in buildings. The highly Reflective Material on outer walls and roofs is a significant way to prevent heat from penetrating indoors; such Materials have been installed on the surface of buildings in Osaka, Japan. To evaluate the solar reflectance of such highly Reflective Material, we measured the solar reflectance of Reflective roofing sheets installed on the building roofs in Osaka, Japan, over a span of time from February 2010 until September 2011, and examined the change in solar reflectance during this time.

Kazuo Emura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • evaluation of retro Reflective properties and upward to downward reflection ratio of glass bead retro Reflective Material using a numerical model
    urban climate, 2021
    Co-Authors: Jihui Yuan, Kazuo Emura, Craig Farnham
    Abstract:

    Abstract Recently, retro-Reflective (RR) Materials have been proposed to be applied to building facades instead of diffuse Reflective (DR) Materials for urban heat island (UHI) mitigation. This paper focuses on analyzing the RR performance of glass bead RR Material under different incident angles of light rays by using the proposed bead model. The results show that the retro-reflectivity of bead model increases when the incident angle changes from 10o to 50o with respect to the surface normal, and the retro-reflectivity begins to decrease when the incident angle exceeds 50o with respect to the surface normal. Additionally, this study also analyzes the upward to downward reflection ratio by different incident angles. The results show that the upward to downward reflection ratio decreases and the specular reflection increases when the incident angle changes from small to large. There is strong relationship between upward to downward reflection ratio and incident angle, showing the correlation coefficient (R) is approximately 0.92. Moreover, the retro-reflectivity of bead on representative two days (Jun. 21 and Sep. 23, 2020) in Osaka is calculated using the proposed model. The results show that the retro-reflectivity gradually increases from morning to noon, reaches the maximum at noon, and then gradually decreases from noon.

  • a study on the durability of a glass bead retro Reflective Material applied to building facades
    Progress in Organic Coatings, 2018
    Co-Authors: Jihui Yuan, Kazuo Emura, Craig Farnham
    Abstract:

    Abstract Heat from buildings contributes about 1/2 of the city’s anthropogenic heat to the urban heat island (UHI). The ratio of heat emitted from building external walls occupies about 1/3 of the anthropogenic waste heat total in Japan. Retro-Reflective (RR) Materials applied to building facades instead of highly Reflective (HR) Materials for UHI mitigation are being studied. Glass bead RR Material is one of the main RR Material types. In this study, several glass bead RR Materials with different refractive indices and different color Reflective layers were developed. The long-term change in solar reflectivity and angular distribution of reflection intensity for these glass bead RR Materials was evaluated for purpose of durability verification. The result showed that both the solar reflectivity and angular distribution of reflection intensity for these developed glass bead RR Materials almost have no significant change after 368 days of exposure in the outdoor environment. Moreover, it is shown that the glass bead RR Material with a refractive index of 1.9 has much better RR performance, compared to that with a refractive index of 1.5.

  • development of a retro Reflective Material as building coating and evaluation on albedo of urban canyons and building heat loads
    Energy and Buildings, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jihui Yuan, Craig Farnham, Kazuo Emura
    Abstract:

    Abstract Retro-Reflective Materials (RRM) applied as building coatings are a possible means to help counter urban heat islands. In this research, to improve the durability and Reflective performance of RRM before applying it as a building coating, we have developed a new type of RRM by adding a glass covering with high transmission and high strength, and investigated its durability and retro-Reflective performance by evaluating changes in solar reflectance and retro-reflectance for a period of 485 days. There was almost no degradation on the surface of RRM, and both its solar reflectance and retro-reflectance showed no significant decrease for the period. Its solar reflectance remained around 0.81, and retro-reflectance around 0.44. Additionally, we simulated the influence of building surfaces with different Reflective characteristics on the albedo of urban canyons. A building surface with RRM is the most effective, compared to other Materials with diffuse or mirror Reflective characteristics. Finally, the influence of RRM coating on building thermal loads was simulated. The cooling loads and the total annual thermal loads were both reduced. Thus, it is possible to apply it as a building coating to both mitigate the heat island and reduce the building thermal loads.

  • A study on the accuracy of determining the retro-reflectance of retro-Reflective Material by heat balance
    Solar Energy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jihui Yuan, Craig Farnham, Kazuo Emura
    Abstract:

    Abstract Replacing highly Reflective envelope Materials, retro-Reflective Materials (RRM) used as building coatings can help to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Methods to measure retro-reflectance have been proposed by using different techniques. This paper presents a method to measure retro-reflectance by using the heat balance of RRM mounted on a plate in the outdoor environment. The accuracy of retro-reflectance evaluated by heat balance was corrected, with consideration of the heat losses from experimental reflection plate edges. We examined the influence of plate size on the measurement using plate size of 75 mm, 300 mm, 500 mm and 700 mm square. Results showed the 700 mm plate yields an accuracy of about 1% in measurement of retro-reflectance. The heat losses of plate sizes of 75 mm, 200 mm, 300 mm, 400 mm, 500 mm, 700 mm and 1000 mm square were also modeled by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Results showed the proportion of heat losses to sides of plates evaluated by CFD simulation for the size of 700 mm square is only 1%, with little change for wind speed ranges from 0.2 to 0.8 m/s. It is consistent with the experiment results. Considering the difficulty of workability of a large plate, a plate size of 700 mm square was proposed as sufficiently accurate.

  • evaluation of the solar reflectance of highly Reflective roofing sheets installed on building roofs
    Journal of Building Physics, 2013
    Co-Authors: Jihui Yuan, Kazuo Emura, Hideki Sakai
    Abstract:

    There is a strong need to prevent the heat island effect. One of the important countermeasures to the heat island effect is to reduce thermal storage in buildings. The highly Reflective Material on outer walls and roofs is a significant way to prevent heat from penetrating indoors; such Materials have been installed on the surface of buildings in Osaka, Japan. To evaluate the solar reflectance of such highly Reflective Material, we measured the solar reflectance of Reflective roofing sheets installed on the building roofs in Osaka, Japan, over a span of time from February 2010 until September 2011, and examined the change in solar reflectance during this time.

Craig Farnham - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • evaluation of retro Reflective properties and upward to downward reflection ratio of glass bead retro Reflective Material using a numerical model
    urban climate, 2021
    Co-Authors: Jihui Yuan, Kazuo Emura, Craig Farnham
    Abstract:

    Abstract Recently, retro-Reflective (RR) Materials have been proposed to be applied to building facades instead of diffuse Reflective (DR) Materials for urban heat island (UHI) mitigation. This paper focuses on analyzing the RR performance of glass bead RR Material under different incident angles of light rays by using the proposed bead model. The results show that the retro-reflectivity of bead model increases when the incident angle changes from 10o to 50o with respect to the surface normal, and the retro-reflectivity begins to decrease when the incident angle exceeds 50o with respect to the surface normal. Additionally, this study also analyzes the upward to downward reflection ratio by different incident angles. The results show that the upward to downward reflection ratio decreases and the specular reflection increases when the incident angle changes from small to large. There is strong relationship between upward to downward reflection ratio and incident angle, showing the correlation coefficient (R) is approximately 0.92. Moreover, the retro-reflectivity of bead on representative two days (Jun. 21 and Sep. 23, 2020) in Osaka is calculated using the proposed model. The results show that the retro-reflectivity gradually increases from morning to noon, reaches the maximum at noon, and then gradually decreases from noon.

  • a study on the durability of a glass bead retro Reflective Material applied to building facades
    Progress in Organic Coatings, 2018
    Co-Authors: Jihui Yuan, Kazuo Emura, Craig Farnham
    Abstract:

    Abstract Heat from buildings contributes about 1/2 of the city’s anthropogenic heat to the urban heat island (UHI). The ratio of heat emitted from building external walls occupies about 1/3 of the anthropogenic waste heat total in Japan. Retro-Reflective (RR) Materials applied to building facades instead of highly Reflective (HR) Materials for UHI mitigation are being studied. Glass bead RR Material is one of the main RR Material types. In this study, several glass bead RR Materials with different refractive indices and different color Reflective layers were developed. The long-term change in solar reflectivity and angular distribution of reflection intensity for these glass bead RR Materials was evaluated for purpose of durability verification. The result showed that both the solar reflectivity and angular distribution of reflection intensity for these developed glass bead RR Materials almost have no significant change after 368 days of exposure in the outdoor environment. Moreover, it is shown that the glass bead RR Material with a refractive index of 1.9 has much better RR performance, compared to that with a refractive index of 1.5.

  • development of a retro Reflective Material as building coating and evaluation on albedo of urban canyons and building heat loads
    Energy and Buildings, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jihui Yuan, Craig Farnham, Kazuo Emura
    Abstract:

    Abstract Retro-Reflective Materials (RRM) applied as building coatings are a possible means to help counter urban heat islands. In this research, to improve the durability and Reflective performance of RRM before applying it as a building coating, we have developed a new type of RRM by adding a glass covering with high transmission and high strength, and investigated its durability and retro-Reflective performance by evaluating changes in solar reflectance and retro-reflectance for a period of 485 days. There was almost no degradation on the surface of RRM, and both its solar reflectance and retro-reflectance showed no significant decrease for the period. Its solar reflectance remained around 0.81, and retro-reflectance around 0.44. Additionally, we simulated the influence of building surfaces with different Reflective characteristics on the albedo of urban canyons. A building surface with RRM is the most effective, compared to other Materials with diffuse or mirror Reflective characteristics. Finally, the influence of RRM coating on building thermal loads was simulated. The cooling loads and the total annual thermal loads were both reduced. Thus, it is possible to apply it as a building coating to both mitigate the heat island and reduce the building thermal loads.

  • A study on the accuracy of determining the retro-reflectance of retro-Reflective Material by heat balance
    Solar Energy, 2015
    Co-Authors: Jihui Yuan, Craig Farnham, Kazuo Emura
    Abstract:

    Abstract Replacing highly Reflective envelope Materials, retro-Reflective Materials (RRM) used as building coatings can help to mitigate the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Methods to measure retro-reflectance have been proposed by using different techniques. This paper presents a method to measure retro-reflectance by using the heat balance of RRM mounted on a plate in the outdoor environment. The accuracy of retro-reflectance evaluated by heat balance was corrected, with consideration of the heat losses from experimental reflection plate edges. We examined the influence of plate size on the measurement using plate size of 75 mm, 300 mm, 500 mm and 700 mm square. Results showed the 700 mm plate yields an accuracy of about 1% in measurement of retro-reflectance. The heat losses of plate sizes of 75 mm, 200 mm, 300 mm, 400 mm, 500 mm, 700 mm and 1000 mm square were also modeled by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. Results showed the proportion of heat losses to sides of plates evaluated by CFD simulation for the size of 700 mm square is only 1%, with little change for wind speed ranges from 0.2 to 0.8 m/s. It is consistent with the experiment results. Considering the difficulty of workability of a large plate, a plate size of 700 mm square was proposed as sufficiently accurate.

Francois C Delori - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • quantitative fundus autofluorescence in best vitelliform macular dystrophy rpe lipofuscin is not increased in non lesion areas of retina
    Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Janet R Sparrow, Tobias Duncker, Russell L Woods, Francois C Delori
    Abstract:

    Since the lipofuscin of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Best vitelliform macular dystrophy, we quantified fundus autofluorescence (quantitative fundus autofluorescence, qAF) as an indirect measure of RPE lipofuscin levels. Mean non-lesion qAF was found to be within normal limits for age. By spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) vitelliform lesions presented as fluid-filled subretinal detachments containing Reflective Material. We discuss photoreceptor outer segment debris as the source of the intense fluorescence of these lesions and loss of anion channel functioning as an explanation for the bullous photoreceptor-RPE detachment. Unexplained is the propensity of the disease for central retina.

Subbiah Ganesan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Comparative experimental study on parabolic trough collector integrated with thermal energy storage system by using different Reflective Materials
    Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, 2019
    Co-Authors: Nagappan Beemkumar, Devarajan Yuvarajan, Alagu Karthikeyan, Subbiah Ganesan
    Abstract:

    The present study focuses on the performance analysis of parabolic trough collector (PTC) incorporated with single-tank thermal energy storage (TES) system with the use of two different Reflective Materials in PTC which includes glass and high-Reflective stainless steel sheet. It consists of TES tank which contains 110 L of Therminol-66 oil (heat transfer fluid). The experiments are conducted for the use of glass Reflective Material PTC and stainless steel Reflective Material PTC when both are integrated with TES system. The various performance parameters like useful energy gained by the PTC, energy collected in the PTC, PTC efficiency, heat loss coefficient and the stored amount of energy in TES tank are calculated to know the overall efficiency of the system during daytime. It has been concluded that the use of glass as the Reflective Material in PTC has better useful heat gain and high average PTC efficiency in comparison with stainless steel Reflective Material. However, the overall system performance is almost equal to both Reflective Materials. Silver-coated stainless steel Reflective Material may be preferred in PTC when it is coupled with single TES tank system, due to cost effectiveness and ease availability with a high-Reflective power about 98.9%.