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Andrew Pickles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • infant Regulatory Function acts as a protective factor for later traits of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder but not callous unemotional traits
    Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2019
    Co-Authors: Rachael Bedford, Teodora Gliga, Alexandra Hendry, Emily J H Jones, Greg Pasco, Tony Charman, M Johnson, Andrew Pickles
    Abstract:

    Reduced executive Functions (EF) are commonly associated with developmental conditions (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, ASD; attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD), although EF seems to be typical in children with callous unemotional (CU) traits. Regulatory Function (RF) is a proposed infant precursor that maps on onto factors driving later EF. Here, we first test whether RF is specifically and negatively associated with ASD and ADHD traits, but not CU traits. Second, we test whether RF can act as a protective factor, by moderating the association between infant markers and subsequent ASD and ADHD traits. Participants were 79 infants at high (N = 42) and low (N = 37) familial risk for ASD. Data come from the 14-month infant visit (Autism Observational Scale for Infants; AOSI; activity level and RF from the Infant Behavior Questionnaire; IBQ) and the 7-year visit (ASD traits: Social Responsiveness Scale, SRS; ADHD traits: Conners 3, CU traits: Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits). Infant RF was negatively associated with later traits of ASD (B = − 0.5, p = 0.01) and ADHD inattention (B = − 0.24, p = 0.02) but not hyperactivity (B = − 0.25, p = 0.10) or CU traits (B = 0.02, p = 0.86). RF moderated the association between infant AOSI score and ASD traits, with a significant effect in those with low RF (B = 0.10, p = 0.006), not high RF (B = 0.01, p = 0.78). Similarly, for ADHD, infant activity level was associated with later ADHD inattention in those with low (B = 0.17, p = 0.04) but not high RF (B = 0.07, p = 0.48). For ADHD hyperactivity symptoms, activity level was predictive at both high and low levels of RF. Strong RF may allow children to compensate for other atypicalities, thus attenuating the association between infant markers and later disorder traits. Whilst infant RF was associated with both ASD and ADHD inattention traits, there was no association with ADHD hyperactivity or CU traits. This suggests that any protective effect may not be universal and emphasises the need for a better understanding of the underlying moderating mechanisms.

M Johnson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • infant Regulatory Function acts as a protective factor for later traits of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder but not callous unemotional traits
    Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2019
    Co-Authors: Rachael Bedford, Teodora Gliga, Alexandra Hendry, Emily J H Jones, Greg Pasco, Tony Charman, M Johnson, Andrew Pickles
    Abstract:

    Reduced executive Functions (EF) are commonly associated with developmental conditions (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, ASD; attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD), although EF seems to be typical in children with callous unemotional (CU) traits. Regulatory Function (RF) is a proposed infant precursor that maps on onto factors driving later EF. Here, we first test whether RF is specifically and negatively associated with ASD and ADHD traits, but not CU traits. Second, we test whether RF can act as a protective factor, by moderating the association between infant markers and subsequent ASD and ADHD traits. Participants were 79 infants at high (N = 42) and low (N = 37) familial risk for ASD. Data come from the 14-month infant visit (Autism Observational Scale for Infants; AOSI; activity level and RF from the Infant Behavior Questionnaire; IBQ) and the 7-year visit (ASD traits: Social Responsiveness Scale, SRS; ADHD traits: Conners 3, CU traits: Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits). Infant RF was negatively associated with later traits of ASD (B = − 0.5, p = 0.01) and ADHD inattention (B = − 0.24, p = 0.02) but not hyperactivity (B = − 0.25, p = 0.10) or CU traits (B = 0.02, p = 0.86). RF moderated the association between infant AOSI score and ASD traits, with a significant effect in those with low RF (B = 0.10, p = 0.006), not high RF (B = 0.01, p = 0.78). Similarly, for ADHD, infant activity level was associated with later ADHD inattention in those with low (B = 0.17, p = 0.04) but not high RF (B = 0.07, p = 0.48). For ADHD hyperactivity symptoms, activity level was predictive at both high and low levels of RF. Strong RF may allow children to compensate for other atypicalities, thus attenuating the association between infant markers and later disorder traits. Whilst infant RF was associated with both ASD and ADHD inattention traits, there was no association with ADHD hyperactivity or CU traits. This suggests that any protective effect may not be universal and emphasises the need for a better understanding of the underlying moderating mechanisms.

Claudia Mauri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • immune Regulatory Function of b cells
    Annual Review of Immunology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Claudia Mauri, Anneleen Bosma
    Abstract:

    B cells are regarded for their capacity to produce antibody. However, recent advances in B cell biology have capitalized on old findings and demonstrated that B cells also release a broad variety of cytokines. As with T helper cells, B cells can be classified into subsets according to the cytokine milieu that they produce. One Functional B cell subset, Regulatory B cells (Bregs), has recently been shown to contribute to the maintenance of the fine equilibrium required for tolerance. Bregs restrain the excessive inflammatory responses that occur during autoimmune diseases or that can be caused by unresolved infections. Pivotal to Breg Function is interleukin-10 (IL-10), which inhibits proinflammatory cytokines and supports Regulatory T cell differentiation. This review reports and discusses the factors that are important for Breg differentiation and for their effector Function in both mouse and human.

  • the short history of Regulatory b cells
    Trends in Immunology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Claudia Mauri, Michael R Ehrenstein
    Abstract:

    The maintenance of tolerance is the sine qua non of a sophisticated Regulatory apparatus to prevent or dampen overzealous immune responses. In addition to the ability of B cells to prime and activate the immune system, B cells with Regulatory Function (Bregs) have been identified in experimental models of autoimmunity, infections, and cancer, supporting the notion that, similar to Regulatory T cells (Tregs), Breg-mediated suppression is an important means for the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. This Regulatory Function appears to be directly mediated by the production of IL-10 and/or TGFβ and by the ability of B cells to interact with pathogenic T cells to inhibit harmful immune responses. The identification of their existence is of great relevance to the understanding of autoimmune diseases and to the development of new therapeutic strategies.

Rachael Bedford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • infant Regulatory Function acts as a protective factor for later traits of autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder but not callous unemotional traits
    Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 2019
    Co-Authors: Rachael Bedford, Teodora Gliga, Alexandra Hendry, Emily J H Jones, Greg Pasco, Tony Charman, M Johnson, Andrew Pickles
    Abstract:

    Reduced executive Functions (EF) are commonly associated with developmental conditions (e.g., autism spectrum disorder, ASD; attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ADHD), although EF seems to be typical in children with callous unemotional (CU) traits. Regulatory Function (RF) is a proposed infant precursor that maps on onto factors driving later EF. Here, we first test whether RF is specifically and negatively associated with ASD and ADHD traits, but not CU traits. Second, we test whether RF can act as a protective factor, by moderating the association between infant markers and subsequent ASD and ADHD traits. Participants were 79 infants at high (N = 42) and low (N = 37) familial risk for ASD. Data come from the 14-month infant visit (Autism Observational Scale for Infants; AOSI; activity level and RF from the Infant Behavior Questionnaire; IBQ) and the 7-year visit (ASD traits: Social Responsiveness Scale, SRS; ADHD traits: Conners 3, CU traits: Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits). Infant RF was negatively associated with later traits of ASD (B = − 0.5, p = 0.01) and ADHD inattention (B = − 0.24, p = 0.02) but not hyperactivity (B = − 0.25, p = 0.10) or CU traits (B = 0.02, p = 0.86). RF moderated the association between infant AOSI score and ASD traits, with a significant effect in those with low RF (B = 0.10, p = 0.006), not high RF (B = 0.01, p = 0.78). Similarly, for ADHD, infant activity level was associated with later ADHD inattention in those with low (B = 0.17, p = 0.04) but not high RF (B = 0.07, p = 0.48). For ADHD hyperactivity symptoms, activity level was predictive at both high and low levels of RF. Strong RF may allow children to compensate for other atypicalities, thus attenuating the association between infant markers and later disorder traits. Whilst infant RF was associated with both ASD and ADHD inattention traits, there was no association with ADHD hyperactivity or CU traits. This suggests that any protective effect may not be universal and emphasises the need for a better understanding of the underlying moderating mechanisms.

Monica Vermeulen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • tolerogenic signals delivered by dendritic cells to t cells through a galectin 1 driven immunoRegulatory circuit involving interleukin 27 and interleukin 10
    Nature Immunology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Juan M Ilarregui, Marta A Toscano, German A Bianco, Diego O Croci, Mariana Salatino, Monica Vermeulen
    Abstract:

    Despite their central Function in orchestrating immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) can respond to inhibitory signals by becoming tolerogenic. Here we show that galectin-1, an endogenous glycan-binding protein, can endow DCs with tolerogenic potential. After exposure to galectin-1, DCs acquired an interleukin 27 (IL-27)-dependent Regulatory Function, promoted IL-10-mediated T cell tolerance and suppressed autoimmune neuroinflammation. Consistent with its Regulatory Function, galectin-1 had its highest expression on DCs exposed to tolerogenic stimuli and was most abundant from the peak through the resolution of autoimmune pathology. DCs lacking galectin-1 had greater immunogenic potential and an impaired ability to halt inflammatory disease. Our findings identify a tolerogenic circuit linking galectin-1 signaling, IL-27-producing DCs and IL-10-secreting T cells, which has broad therapeutic implications in immunopathology.