The Experts below are selected from a list of 14973 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Kenneth C Johnson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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california s greenhouse gas law assembly bill 1493 deficiencies alternatives and implications for Regulatory climate policy
Energy Policy, 2007Co-Authors: Kenneth C JohnsonAbstract:Abstract California's Air Resources Board has finalized regulations implementing Assembly Bill (AB) 1493, which requires “maximum feasible and cost-effective reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from motor vehicles”. By 2030, when California's light-duty vehicle stock has been substantially replaced by regulation-compliant vehicles, total emissions from regulated vehicles are projected to be reduced by 27% relative to “business-as-usual”, but are nevertheless expected to be 8.7% higher than 2004 emissions. If an 8.7% increase truly represents the “maximum feasible and cost-effective” emissions reduction from transportation vehicles, then global climate stabilization clearly will not be attained within limits of “feasibility” and “cost-effectiveness”, and climate sustainability will only be achievable through severely draconian measures. On the other hand, if significantly greater emissions reduction would be feasible and cost-effective, then the AB 1493 regulations fail to satisfy the legislative policy mandate and the task is to find a Regulatory mechanism that will. The thesis of this paper is that the regulations do not satisfy the mandate for several reasons, the most important being the conflicting policy objectives of the “cost-constrained” legislative mandate and the “quantity-constrained”, standard-based Regulatory Instrument. An alternative policy Instrument that would better fit legislative policy and environmental objectives would be a feebate-type system (although not necessarily a conventional vehicle feebate).
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feebates an effective Regulatory Instrument for cost constrained environmental policy
Energy Policy, 2006Co-Authors: Kenneth C JohnsonAbstract:Abstract A feebate can be described as an emissions tax combined with a refunded (i.e., negative) consumption tax, the balance of which can be either positive (a fee) or negative (a rebate) depending on how a taxed product's emissions performance compares to the industry average. A successful feebate-type policy is exemplified by Sweden's nitrogen oxide program, which has motivated power plant operators in Sweden to reduce NO x emissions far below levels achieved in the US and other industrial countries. A key to this success has been the fair and efficient manner by which the refund is distributed, and a similar approach could be applied to automotive vehicle feebates (for greenhouse gas reduction), making it possible to overcome limitations of political acceptability and greatly improve policy effectiveness. One such approach would distribute refunds in proportion to vehicle mass (rather than at a fixed rate per vehicle), so that the refund has at least an approximate correlation to vehicle utility and economic value. A second, alternative approach would apply separate feebates to multiple weight classes comprising limited, but overlapping, weight ranges, so that each feebate covers vehicles having similar transportation utility characteristics.
Eric Lachaud - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the general data protection regulation and the rise of certification as a Regulatory Instrument
Computer Law & Security Review, 2017Co-Authors: Eric LachaudAbstract:Abstract The endorsement of certification in Article 42 and 43 of the General Data Protection Regulation (hereinafter GDPR) extends the scope of this procedure to the enforcement of fundamental rights. The GDPR also leverages the high flexibility of this procedure to make of certification something else than a voluntary process attesting the conformity with technical standards. This paper argues that the GDPR turned certification into a new Regulatory Instrument in data protection, I suggest to call it monitored self-regulation, seeking to fill the gap between self-regulation and traditional regulation in order to build a regulation continuum.
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the general data protection regulation contributes to the rise of certification as Regulatory Instrument
Social Science Research Network, 2017Co-Authors: Eric LachaudAbstract:This paper argues that the endorsement of certification in the General Data Protection Regulation (hereinafter GDPR) makes of this procedure a new type of regulation Instrument filling the gap between the self-regulation and the regulation. The lawmaker leveraged the flexibility with which certification schemes can be rearranged to turn this procedure into something else than the optional process attesting the conformity with technical standards. This tool has been officially endorsed as a regulation Instrument into the GDPR. It is organized through a co-regulation arrangement involving the authorities in the design and the management of the schemes in order to ensure its legitimacy and reliability. It will be mainly used for attesting the conformity of data controllers and processors with the fundamental rights applicable to the European citizens.
Henrique Zeferino De Menezes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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correction to explaining brazil as a rising state 2003 2014 the role of policy diffusion as an international Regulatory Instrument
Journal of International Relations and Development, 2021Co-Authors: Henrique Zeferino De Menezes, Marco Antonio VieiraAbstract:Unfortunately, the original publication of this article contained an error in the second author's affiliation. The correct affiliation is given in this correction.
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explaining brazil as a rising state 2003 2014 the role of policy diffusion as an international Regulatory Instrument
Journal of International Relations and Development, 2021Co-Authors: Henrique Zeferino De Menezes, Marco VieiraAbstract:In this paper, we examine Brazil’s international activism and ascent to the status of rising state during the presidencies of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva (2003–2010) and his chosen successor, Dilma Rousseff (2011–2014). We focus on the dissemination of social policies under an innovative model of development that reflected the political and economic context of a developing country. We argue that this activism was framed in terms of Brazil’s socio-economic and cultural peculiarities, whereby these were treated not as obstacles but as positive contributions to developing states’ attempts to reform global governance structures. We argue that this reflects an alternative form of foreign policy politicisation in which the social dilemmas, particularities and contradictions of the Brazilian experience are incorporated in the foreign policy agenda to leverage its international stature as a rising state. We explain how Brazil’s international cooperation through transferring its public policies and development models (policies for fighting hunger and poverty, agrarian development and income generation) to its Southern partners has been discursively articulated as representing Brazil’s normative potential to contribute to political and institutional solutions, and rebuild norms and standards that affect the distribution of international power and wealth.
Andrew N Kleit - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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how a choice between emission trading and tax schemes affects an environment biased environmental protection bureau s discretion
Science of The Total Environment, 2020Co-Authors: Debin Fang, Dan Wang, Andrew N KleitAbstract:Abstract In choosing environmental Regulatory Instrument and setting standards, a government relies on an Environmental Protection Bureau's (EPB) informational advantage, even though these two entities may have different preferences for internalizing environmental damage. A three-level hierarchical model between the government, the EPB and polluting firms is constructed to derive the government's optimal delegation policy for the EPB. Given the uncertainty in firms' costs and asymmetric information on transaction costs, this paper presents a demonstration of the communication process between the government and the EPB in formulating the standards of environmental regulation and choosing between the Instruments of emission trading and tax schemes. This paper seeks to determine how the decisions in the environmental regulation should be delegated for the government to trade-off the cost to it of EPB's discretion versus the benefits of taking advantage of the EFB's expertise. Results suggest the bureaucratic political issue leads to a tendency towards either an emission trading or a tax scheme, depending on the direction of the EPB's environmental preferences. Compared with the case where only emission trading can be chosen, the choice of Instrument results in less discretion left to the EPB in setting up the trading emission allowance and a higher tax, irrespective of whether the EPB is more or less concerned about the environmental damage than the government.
Bjorn Sodahl - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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will the ship energy efficiency management plan reduce co2 emissions a comparison with iso 50001 and the ism code
Maritime Policy & Management, 2013Co-Authors: Hannes Johnson, Mikael Johansson, Karin Andersson, Bjorn SodahlAbstract:The Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) is the sole international Regulatory Instrument expected to affect rising CO 2 emissions from shipping in the short-term. In this article, we discuss present gaps in the SEEMP guidelines through a comparison with the international standard for energy management systems (EMS), ISO 50001, and with the International Safety Management (ISM) code, which sets requirements for safety management systems in shipping companies. We show that the SEEMP lacks crucial features found in typical management system standards, such as requirements on policy and management reviews. Moreover, best-practice in the form of the ISO 50001 addresses important aspects, such as monitoring, energy auditing, design, and procurement processes in much more detail. In the context of previous research on these Instruments and on energy efficiency in general, we argue that these gaps may be detrimental to the success of the SEEMP, both from the societal perspective of CO 2 abatement and from the perspective of companies’ success in energy management. This requires further attention by academia, policy-makers and industry.
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will the ship energy efficiency management plan reduce co2 emissions a comparison with iso 50001 and the ism code
Maritime Policy & Management, 2013Co-Authors: Hannes Johnson, Mikael Johansson, Karin Andersson, Bjorn SodahlAbstract:The IMO Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) is the sole international Regulatory Instrument expected to affect rising CO2 emissions from shipping in the short-term. In this article, we discuss present gaps in the SEEMP guidelines through a comparison with the international standard for energy management systems, ISO 50001, and with the International Safety Management (ISM) Code, which sets requirements for safety management systems in shipping companies. We show that the SEEMP lacks crucial features found in typical management system standards, such as requirements on policy and management reviews. Moreover, best-practice in the form of the ISO 50001 addresses important aspects, such as monitoring, energy auditing, design, and procurement processes in much more detail. In the context of previous research on these Instruments and on energy efficiency in general, we argue that these gaps may be detrimental to the success of the SEEMP, both from the societal perspective of CO2 abatement and from the perspective of companies’ success in energy management. This requires further attention by academia, policy-makers and industry.
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will the imo ship energy efficiency management plan seemp lead to reduced co2 emissions a comparison with iso 50001 and the ism code
2012 International Association of Maritime Economists Conference (IAME 2012 Taipei), 2012Co-Authors: Hannes Johnson, Mikael Johansson, Karin Andersson, Bjorn SodahlAbstract:The IMO Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) is the sole international Regulatory Instrument expected to affect rising CO2 emissions from shipping in the short-term. In this article, we discuss present gaps in the SEEMP guidelines through a comparison with the international standard for energy management systems, ISO 50001, and with the International Safety Management (ISM) Code, which sets requirements for safety management systems in shipping companies. We show that the SEEMP lacks crucial features found in typical management system standards, such as requirements on policy and management reviews. Moreover, best-practice in the form of the ISO 50001 addresses important aspects, such as monitoring, energy auditing, design, and procurement processes in much more detail. In the context of previous research on these Instruments and on energy efficiency in general, we argue that these gaps may be detrimental to the success of the SEEMP, both from the societal perspective of CO2 abatement and from the perspective of companies’ success in energy management. This requires further attention by academia, policy-makers and industry.