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P M Marquis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the mechanical properties of nanofilled resin based composites the impact of dry and wet cyclic pre loading on bi axial flexure strength
Dental Materials, 2009Co-Authors: Andrew R Curtis, William M Palin, Garry J P Fleming, A C Shortall, P M MarquisAbstract:OBJECTIVES: To determine the influence of nano-sized filler particles and agglomerates of nanoparticles ('nanoclusters') in resin-based composite (RBC) materials on the bi-axial flexure strength (BFS) following cyclic pre-loading and storage in a 'dry' or 'wet' environment. METHOD: Seven commercially available RBC restoratives, Heliomolar (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Z100 MP Restorative, Filtek Z250, Filtek Supreme (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) in Body (FSB) and Translucent (FST) shades, Grandio and Grandio Flow (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany), containing differing filler particle types and morphologies were investigated. Specimens were pre-loaded at 20, 50 or 100 N for 2000 cycles and stored in a 'dry' or 'wet' environment prior to BFS testing. RESULTS: A general linear model analysis of variance highlighted a reduction in the BFS following pre-loading, however, individual RBC materials responded differently. The RBCs containing agglomerated nano-sized particles or 'nanoclusters' (Filtek Supreme) demonstrated distinctive and unique patterns of response to pre-loading. Cyclic pre-loading at 20 and 50 N significantly increased the Weibull modulus of both FSB (8.53+/-1.91 and 10.23+/-2.29) and FST (16.89+/-3.78 and 10.91+/-2.45) compared with FSB and FST control (no pre-cyclic load) specimens (5.98+/-1.34 and 7.99+/-1.78, respectively). BFS of FSB and FST was maintained or significantly increased compared with the other materials following 20 and 50 N cyclic pre-load (P<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: The 'nanoclusters' provided a distinct Reinforcing Mechanism compared with the microhybrid, microfill or nanohybrid RBC systems resulting in significant improvements to the strength and reliability, irrespective of the environmental storage and testing conditions. Silane infiltration within interstices of the nanoclusters may modify the response to pre-loading induced stress, thereby enhancing damage tolerance and providing the potential for improved clinical performance.
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the mechanical properties of nanofilled resin based composites the impact of dry and wet cyclic pre loading on bi axial flexure strength
Dental Materials, 2009Co-Authors: Andrew R Curtis, William M Palin, Garry J P Fleming, A C Shortall, P M MarquisAbstract:Abstract Objectives To determine the influence of nano-sized filler particles and agglomerates of nanoparticles (‘nanoclusters’) in resin-based composite (RBC) materials on the bi-axial flexure strength (BFS) following cyclic pre-loading and storage in a ‘dry’ or ‘wet’ environment. Method Seven commercially available RBC restoratives, Heliomolar (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Z100 MP Restorative, Filtek™ Z250, Filtek™ Supreme (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) in Body (FSB) and Translucent (FST) shades, Grandio and Grandio Flow (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany), containing differing filler particle types and morphologies were investigated. Specimens were pre-loaded at 20, 50 or 100 N for 2000 cycles and stored in a ‘dry’ or ‘wet’ environment prior to BFS testing. Results A general linear model analysis of variance highlighted a reduction in the BFS following pre-loading, however, individual RBC materials responded differently. The RBCs containing agglomerated nano-sized particles or ‘nanoclusters’ (Filtek™ Supreme) demonstrated distinctive and unique patterns of response to pre-loading. Cyclic pre-loading at 20 and 50 N significantly increased the Weibull modulus of both FSB (8.53 ± 1.91 and 10.23 ± 2.29) and FST (16.89 ± 3.78 and 10.91 ± 2.45) compared with FSB and FST control (no pre-cyclic load) specimens (5.98 ± 1.34 and 7.99 ± 1.78, respectively). BFS of FSB and FST was maintained or significantly increased compared with the other materials following 20 and 50 N cyclic pre-load (P Significance The ‘nanoclusters’ provided a distinct Reinforcing Mechanism compared with the microhybrid, microfill or nanohybrid RBC systems resulting in significant improvements to the strength and reliability, irrespective of the environmental storage and testing conditions. Silane infiltration within interstices of the nanoclusters may modify the response to pre-loading induced stress, thereby enhancing damage tolerance and providing the potential for improved clinical performance.
Andrew R Curtis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the mechanical properties of nanofilled resin based composites the impact of dry and wet cyclic pre loading on bi axial flexure strength
Dental Materials, 2009Co-Authors: Andrew R Curtis, William M Palin, Garry J P Fleming, A C Shortall, P M MarquisAbstract:OBJECTIVES: To determine the influence of nano-sized filler particles and agglomerates of nanoparticles ('nanoclusters') in resin-based composite (RBC) materials on the bi-axial flexure strength (BFS) following cyclic pre-loading and storage in a 'dry' or 'wet' environment. METHOD: Seven commercially available RBC restoratives, Heliomolar (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Z100 MP Restorative, Filtek Z250, Filtek Supreme (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) in Body (FSB) and Translucent (FST) shades, Grandio and Grandio Flow (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany), containing differing filler particle types and morphologies were investigated. Specimens were pre-loaded at 20, 50 or 100 N for 2000 cycles and stored in a 'dry' or 'wet' environment prior to BFS testing. RESULTS: A general linear model analysis of variance highlighted a reduction in the BFS following pre-loading, however, individual RBC materials responded differently. The RBCs containing agglomerated nano-sized particles or 'nanoclusters' (Filtek Supreme) demonstrated distinctive and unique patterns of response to pre-loading. Cyclic pre-loading at 20 and 50 N significantly increased the Weibull modulus of both FSB (8.53+/-1.91 and 10.23+/-2.29) and FST (16.89+/-3.78 and 10.91+/-2.45) compared with FSB and FST control (no pre-cyclic load) specimens (5.98+/-1.34 and 7.99+/-1.78, respectively). BFS of FSB and FST was maintained or significantly increased compared with the other materials following 20 and 50 N cyclic pre-load (P<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: The 'nanoclusters' provided a distinct Reinforcing Mechanism compared with the microhybrid, microfill or nanohybrid RBC systems resulting in significant improvements to the strength and reliability, irrespective of the environmental storage and testing conditions. Silane infiltration within interstices of the nanoclusters may modify the response to pre-loading induced stress, thereby enhancing damage tolerance and providing the potential for improved clinical performance.
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the mechanical properties of nanofilled resin based composites the impact of dry and wet cyclic pre loading on bi axial flexure strength
Dental Materials, 2009Co-Authors: Andrew R Curtis, William M Palin, Garry J P Fleming, A C Shortall, P M MarquisAbstract:Abstract Objectives To determine the influence of nano-sized filler particles and agglomerates of nanoparticles (‘nanoclusters’) in resin-based composite (RBC) materials on the bi-axial flexure strength (BFS) following cyclic pre-loading and storage in a ‘dry’ or ‘wet’ environment. Method Seven commercially available RBC restoratives, Heliomolar (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Z100 MP Restorative, Filtek™ Z250, Filtek™ Supreme (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) in Body (FSB) and Translucent (FST) shades, Grandio and Grandio Flow (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany), containing differing filler particle types and morphologies were investigated. Specimens were pre-loaded at 20, 50 or 100 N for 2000 cycles and stored in a ‘dry’ or ‘wet’ environment prior to BFS testing. Results A general linear model analysis of variance highlighted a reduction in the BFS following pre-loading, however, individual RBC materials responded differently. The RBCs containing agglomerated nano-sized particles or ‘nanoclusters’ (Filtek™ Supreme) demonstrated distinctive and unique patterns of response to pre-loading. Cyclic pre-loading at 20 and 50 N significantly increased the Weibull modulus of both FSB (8.53 ± 1.91 and 10.23 ± 2.29) and FST (16.89 ± 3.78 and 10.91 ± 2.45) compared with FSB and FST control (no pre-cyclic load) specimens (5.98 ± 1.34 and 7.99 ± 1.78, respectively). BFS of FSB and FST was maintained or significantly increased compared with the other materials following 20 and 50 N cyclic pre-load (P Significance The ‘nanoclusters’ provided a distinct Reinforcing Mechanism compared with the microhybrid, microfill or nanohybrid RBC systems resulting in significant improvements to the strength and reliability, irrespective of the environmental storage and testing conditions. Silane infiltration within interstices of the nanoclusters may modify the response to pre-loading induced stress, thereby enhancing damage tolerance and providing the potential for improved clinical performance.
Yushan Xing - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Influence of the Recycled Glass Fibers from Nonmetals of Waste Printed Circuit Boards on Properties and Reinforcing Mechanism of Polypropylene Composites
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2010Co-Authors: Yanhong Zheng, Chujiang Cai, Yushan Xing, Zhigang Shen, Shulin Ma, Xiaohu Zhao, Baohua Guo, Xinmiao Zeng, Liancai WangAbstract:The feasibility of reusing the recycled glass fibers (RGF) from nonmetals of waste printed circuit boards in polypropylene (PP) composites is studied by mechanical properties, vicat softening temperature and heat distortion temperature. The influence of RGF on Reinforcing Mechanism of the composites is watched under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in situ tensile test. The results show that the mechanical and thermal properties of the RGF/PP composites can be significantly improved by adding the RGF into PP. In situ SEM observation results show that the RGF are the excellent supporting bodies and can effectively lead to mass microcracks. Crack initiation, propagation, and fiber breakage dissipate tremendous energy. Therefore, the mechanical properties are reinforced. All the above results indicate that the reuse of RGF in the PP composites represents a promising way for closing the recycling loop and realizing the high added value utilization. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
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influence of nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards on flexural properties and fracture behavior of polypropylene composites
Materials & Design, 2009Co-Authors: Yanhong Zheng, Chujiang Cai, Zhigang Shen, Yushan XingAbstract:Flexural strength and flexural modulus of the composites can be successfully improved by filling nonmetals recycled from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) into polypropylene (PP). By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the influence of nonmetals on fracture behavior of PP composites is investigated by in situ flexural test. Observation results show that the particles can effectively lead to mass micro cracks instead of the breaking crack. The process of the crack initiation, propagation and fiber breakage dissipate a great amount of energy. As a result, the flexural properties of the composites can be reinforced significantly. Results of the in situ SEM observation and analysis to the dynamic flexural process supply effective test evidence for the Reinforcing Mechanism of the nonmetals/PP composites on the basis of the energy dissipation theory.
William M Palin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the mechanical properties of nanofilled resin based composites the impact of dry and wet cyclic pre loading on bi axial flexure strength
Dental Materials, 2009Co-Authors: Andrew R Curtis, William M Palin, Garry J P Fleming, A C Shortall, P M MarquisAbstract:OBJECTIVES: To determine the influence of nano-sized filler particles and agglomerates of nanoparticles ('nanoclusters') in resin-based composite (RBC) materials on the bi-axial flexure strength (BFS) following cyclic pre-loading and storage in a 'dry' or 'wet' environment. METHOD: Seven commercially available RBC restoratives, Heliomolar (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Z100 MP Restorative, Filtek Z250, Filtek Supreme (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) in Body (FSB) and Translucent (FST) shades, Grandio and Grandio Flow (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany), containing differing filler particle types and morphologies were investigated. Specimens were pre-loaded at 20, 50 or 100 N for 2000 cycles and stored in a 'dry' or 'wet' environment prior to BFS testing. RESULTS: A general linear model analysis of variance highlighted a reduction in the BFS following pre-loading, however, individual RBC materials responded differently. The RBCs containing agglomerated nano-sized particles or 'nanoclusters' (Filtek Supreme) demonstrated distinctive and unique patterns of response to pre-loading. Cyclic pre-loading at 20 and 50 N significantly increased the Weibull modulus of both FSB (8.53+/-1.91 and 10.23+/-2.29) and FST (16.89+/-3.78 and 10.91+/-2.45) compared with FSB and FST control (no pre-cyclic load) specimens (5.98+/-1.34 and 7.99+/-1.78, respectively). BFS of FSB and FST was maintained or significantly increased compared with the other materials following 20 and 50 N cyclic pre-load (P<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: The 'nanoclusters' provided a distinct Reinforcing Mechanism compared with the microhybrid, microfill or nanohybrid RBC systems resulting in significant improvements to the strength and reliability, irrespective of the environmental storage and testing conditions. Silane infiltration within interstices of the nanoclusters may modify the response to pre-loading induced stress, thereby enhancing damage tolerance and providing the potential for improved clinical performance.
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the mechanical properties of nanofilled resin based composites the impact of dry and wet cyclic pre loading on bi axial flexure strength
Dental Materials, 2009Co-Authors: Andrew R Curtis, William M Palin, Garry J P Fleming, A C Shortall, P M MarquisAbstract:Abstract Objectives To determine the influence of nano-sized filler particles and agglomerates of nanoparticles (‘nanoclusters’) in resin-based composite (RBC) materials on the bi-axial flexure strength (BFS) following cyclic pre-loading and storage in a ‘dry’ or ‘wet’ environment. Method Seven commercially available RBC restoratives, Heliomolar (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Z100 MP Restorative, Filtek™ Z250, Filtek™ Supreme (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) in Body (FSB) and Translucent (FST) shades, Grandio and Grandio Flow (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany), containing differing filler particle types and morphologies were investigated. Specimens were pre-loaded at 20, 50 or 100 N for 2000 cycles and stored in a ‘dry’ or ‘wet’ environment prior to BFS testing. Results A general linear model analysis of variance highlighted a reduction in the BFS following pre-loading, however, individual RBC materials responded differently. The RBCs containing agglomerated nano-sized particles or ‘nanoclusters’ (Filtek™ Supreme) demonstrated distinctive and unique patterns of response to pre-loading. Cyclic pre-loading at 20 and 50 N significantly increased the Weibull modulus of both FSB (8.53 ± 1.91 and 10.23 ± 2.29) and FST (16.89 ± 3.78 and 10.91 ± 2.45) compared with FSB and FST control (no pre-cyclic load) specimens (5.98 ± 1.34 and 7.99 ± 1.78, respectively). BFS of FSB and FST was maintained or significantly increased compared with the other materials following 20 and 50 N cyclic pre-load (P Significance The ‘nanoclusters’ provided a distinct Reinforcing Mechanism compared with the microhybrid, microfill or nanohybrid RBC systems resulting in significant improvements to the strength and reliability, irrespective of the environmental storage and testing conditions. Silane infiltration within interstices of the nanoclusters may modify the response to pre-loading induced stress, thereby enhancing damage tolerance and providing the potential for improved clinical performance.
Garry J P Fleming - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the mechanical properties of nanofilled resin based composites the impact of dry and wet cyclic pre loading on bi axial flexure strength
Dental Materials, 2009Co-Authors: Andrew R Curtis, William M Palin, Garry J P Fleming, A C Shortall, P M MarquisAbstract:OBJECTIVES: To determine the influence of nano-sized filler particles and agglomerates of nanoparticles ('nanoclusters') in resin-based composite (RBC) materials on the bi-axial flexure strength (BFS) following cyclic pre-loading and storage in a 'dry' or 'wet' environment. METHOD: Seven commercially available RBC restoratives, Heliomolar (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Z100 MP Restorative, Filtek Z250, Filtek Supreme (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) in Body (FSB) and Translucent (FST) shades, Grandio and Grandio Flow (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany), containing differing filler particle types and morphologies were investigated. Specimens were pre-loaded at 20, 50 or 100 N for 2000 cycles and stored in a 'dry' or 'wet' environment prior to BFS testing. RESULTS: A general linear model analysis of variance highlighted a reduction in the BFS following pre-loading, however, individual RBC materials responded differently. The RBCs containing agglomerated nano-sized particles or 'nanoclusters' (Filtek Supreme) demonstrated distinctive and unique patterns of response to pre-loading. Cyclic pre-loading at 20 and 50 N significantly increased the Weibull modulus of both FSB (8.53+/-1.91 and 10.23+/-2.29) and FST (16.89+/-3.78 and 10.91+/-2.45) compared with FSB and FST control (no pre-cyclic load) specimens (5.98+/-1.34 and 7.99+/-1.78, respectively). BFS of FSB and FST was maintained or significantly increased compared with the other materials following 20 and 50 N cyclic pre-load (P<0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: The 'nanoclusters' provided a distinct Reinforcing Mechanism compared with the microhybrid, microfill or nanohybrid RBC systems resulting in significant improvements to the strength and reliability, irrespective of the environmental storage and testing conditions. Silane infiltration within interstices of the nanoclusters may modify the response to pre-loading induced stress, thereby enhancing damage tolerance and providing the potential for improved clinical performance.
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the mechanical properties of nanofilled resin based composites the impact of dry and wet cyclic pre loading on bi axial flexure strength
Dental Materials, 2009Co-Authors: Andrew R Curtis, William M Palin, Garry J P Fleming, A C Shortall, P M MarquisAbstract:Abstract Objectives To determine the influence of nano-sized filler particles and agglomerates of nanoparticles (‘nanoclusters’) in resin-based composite (RBC) materials on the bi-axial flexure strength (BFS) following cyclic pre-loading and storage in a ‘dry’ or ‘wet’ environment. Method Seven commercially available RBC restoratives, Heliomolar (Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Z100 MP Restorative, Filtek™ Z250, Filtek™ Supreme (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) in Body (FSB) and Translucent (FST) shades, Grandio and Grandio Flow (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany), containing differing filler particle types and morphologies were investigated. Specimens were pre-loaded at 20, 50 or 100 N for 2000 cycles and stored in a ‘dry’ or ‘wet’ environment prior to BFS testing. Results A general linear model analysis of variance highlighted a reduction in the BFS following pre-loading, however, individual RBC materials responded differently. The RBCs containing agglomerated nano-sized particles or ‘nanoclusters’ (Filtek™ Supreme) demonstrated distinctive and unique patterns of response to pre-loading. Cyclic pre-loading at 20 and 50 N significantly increased the Weibull modulus of both FSB (8.53 ± 1.91 and 10.23 ± 2.29) and FST (16.89 ± 3.78 and 10.91 ± 2.45) compared with FSB and FST control (no pre-cyclic load) specimens (5.98 ± 1.34 and 7.99 ± 1.78, respectively). BFS of FSB and FST was maintained or significantly increased compared with the other materials following 20 and 50 N cyclic pre-load (P Significance The ‘nanoclusters’ provided a distinct Reinforcing Mechanism compared with the microhybrid, microfill or nanohybrid RBC systems resulting in significant improvements to the strength and reliability, irrespective of the environmental storage and testing conditions. Silane infiltration within interstices of the nanoclusters may modify the response to pre-loading induced stress, thereby enhancing damage tolerance and providing the potential for improved clinical performance.
