The Experts below are selected from a list of 306 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
William N. Evans - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Relative Deprivation, Poor Health Habits and Mortality
Journal of Human Resources, 2005Co-Authors: Christine E. Eibner, William N. EvansAbstract:While a large body of evidence relates low absolute income to premature mortality, a recent and growing literature argues that Relative income influences health as well. Low Relative income, or being deprived Relative to one’s reference group, may cause stress and depression. These conditions are linked to mortality both directly (via heart disease, high blood pressure, and suicide) and indirectly (via increased smoking, poor eating habits, and alcohol abuse). Evidence from biology supports the notion that Relative status may influence health outcomes. In this paper, we use restricted-use micro-level data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Multiple Cause of Death Files (MCOD) from 1988 to 1991 to examine whether Relative Deprivation increases the probability of dying. We define reference groups using a combination of characteristics including state, race, education, and age, and measure Relative Deprivation with Yitzhaki’s index. Our use of individual-level data allows us to for control for characteristics that are specific to reference group. Results indicate that high Relative Deprivation increases the probability of dying in all age groups and for those death categories with a high behavioral component. Those with high Relative Deprivation are more likely to self-report poor health, have high blood pressure or disabilities, and have a host of poor health habits including smoking, not wearing safety belts, high body mass index and not exercising. For nearly all health measures, our results suggest that much of the observed statistical relationship between absolute level of income and health found in previous work is actually measuring the impacts of Relative Deprivation on health.
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Relative Deprivation, Poor Health Habits and Mortality
2001Co-Authors: Christine E. Eibner, William N. EvansAbstract:Using individual-level on males data from the 1988-1991 National Health Interview Survey Multiple Cause of Death Files, we examine the impact of Relative Deprivation within a reference group on health. We use measures of Relative Deprivation based on Yitzhaki's index and define reference groups using combinations of state, race, education, and age. Those with high Relative Deprivation have a higher probability of death, are more likely to self-report poor health, have high blood pressure or disabilities, and have a host of poor health habits including smoking, not wearing safety belts, high body mass index and not exercising.
Christine E. Eibner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Relative Deprivation, Poor Health Habits and Mortality
Journal of Human Resources, 2005Co-Authors: Christine E. Eibner, William N. EvansAbstract:While a large body of evidence relates low absolute income to premature mortality, a recent and growing literature argues that Relative income influences health as well. Low Relative income, or being deprived Relative to one’s reference group, may cause stress and depression. These conditions are linked to mortality both directly (via heart disease, high blood pressure, and suicide) and indirectly (via increased smoking, poor eating habits, and alcohol abuse). Evidence from biology supports the notion that Relative status may influence health outcomes. In this paper, we use restricted-use micro-level data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) Multiple Cause of Death Files (MCOD) from 1988 to 1991 to examine whether Relative Deprivation increases the probability of dying. We define reference groups using a combination of characteristics including state, race, education, and age, and measure Relative Deprivation with Yitzhaki’s index. Our use of individual-level data allows us to for control for characteristics that are specific to reference group. Results indicate that high Relative Deprivation increases the probability of dying in all age groups and for those death categories with a high behavioral component. Those with high Relative Deprivation are more likely to self-report poor health, have high blood pressure or disabilities, and have a host of poor health habits including smoking, not wearing safety belts, high body mass index and not exercising. For nearly all health measures, our results suggest that much of the observed statistical relationship between absolute level of income and health found in previous work is actually measuring the impacts of Relative Deprivation on health.
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Relative Deprivation, Poor Health Habits and Mortality
2001Co-Authors: Christine E. Eibner, William N. EvansAbstract:Using individual-level on males data from the 1988-1991 National Health Interview Survey Multiple Cause of Death Files, we examine the impact of Relative Deprivation within a reference group on health. We use measures of Relative Deprivation based on Yitzhaki's index and define reference groups using combinations of state, race, education, and age. Those with high Relative Deprivation have a higher probability of death, are more likely to self-report poor health, have high blood pressure or disabilities, and have a host of poor health habits including smoking, not wearing safety belts, high body mass index and not exercising.
Jie Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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perceptions of Relative Deprivation and women s empowerment
World Development, 2021Co-Authors: Katrina Kosec, Emily Schmidt, Jie SongAbstract:Abstract How do perceptions of one’s Relative economic status affect gender attitudes, including support for women’s economic participation and involvement in decision-making in their community and household? We conducted a 2018 survey experiment with female and male adults in approximately 1000 households in Papua New Guinea. Employing an established survey treatment to subtly alter respondents’ perception of their Relative economic wellbeing, we find that increased feelings of Relative Deprivation make both men and women significantly more likely to support girls’ schooling and women’s paid employment, suggesting that Relative economic insecurity can actually prompt support for women’s economic participation. However, increased feelings of Relative Deprivation may trigger greater intra-household tension. While increased perceptions of Relative Deprivation cause women to want more household decision-making authority, men’s attitudes toward women’s proper roles in decision-making are unchanged. In other words, increased support for women’s economic participation among men appears to stem mainly from a desire to raise household income, and not to alter the general role of women in society. The results underscore the multifaceted nature of gender attitudes, and how support for women’s economic participation may rise without simultaneous increases in women’s agency in decision-making.
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Perceptions of Relative Deprivation and women’s empowerment
World Development, 2021Co-Authors: Katrina Kosec, Emily Schmidt, Jie SongAbstract:Abstract How do perceptions of one’s Relative economic status affect gender attitudes, including support for women’s economic participation and involvement in decision-making in their community and household? We conducted a 2018 survey experiment with female and male adults in approximately 1000 households in Papua New Guinea. Employing an established survey treatment to subtly alter respondents’ perception of their Relative economic wellbeing, we find that increased feelings of Relative Deprivation make both men and women significantly more likely to support girls’ schooling and women’s paid employment, suggesting that Relative economic insecurity can actually prompt support for women’s economic participation. However, increased feelings of Relative Deprivation may trigger greater intra-household tension. While increased perceptions of Relative Deprivation cause women to want more household decision-making authority, men’s attitudes toward women’s proper roles in decision-making are unchanged. In other words, increased support for women’s economic participation among men appears to stem mainly from a desire to raise household income, and not to alter the general role of women in society. The results underscore the multifaceted nature of gender attitudes, and how support for women’s economic participation may rise without simultaneous increases in women’s agency in decision-making.
Nisreen Salti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Relative Deprivation and mortality in South Africa.
Social science & medicine (1982), 2010Co-Authors: Nisreen SaltiAbstract:This paper tests the Relative income hypothesis by considering the relationship between mortality, income and Relative Deprivation in South Africa using individual-level data on income and five measures of Relative Deprivation each with a different reference group. We find that income tends to be protective of, and Relative Deprivation detrimental to health, but the latter often gives a better account of mortality than does income alone. For some population groups the fit is improved in specifications which include both income and Relative Deprivation. Overall, there seems to be solid evidence in support of the Relative income hypothesis, particularly for the more economically disadvantaged population groups. Relative Deprivation is especially significant when age is the reference group, suggesting that the comparison of socio-economic standing that has an impact on health tends to happen within cohorts. The results are robust to splitting the sample into urban/rural subsamples and to looking at the incidence of illness as the health outcome rather than mortality. While little is known about the mechanisms underlying the effect of Relative Deprivation on health and mortality, the consistent evidence in favor of age as a reference group, particularly in a context like South Africa's suggests that intra-cohort comparisons should be an avenue for more in depth investigation.
J. Edward Taylor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Migration incentives migration types: the role of Relative Deprivation.
The Economic Journal, 1991Co-Authors: Oded Stark, J. Edward TaylorAbstract:The authors explore the role of Relative Deprivation versus absolute income as an incentive for migration in developing countries. "In Section I of this paper we outline the Relative Deprivation model of migration and present an illustration of the divergent policy implications of a Relative Deprivation model versus an absolute income model. An attempt is made to identify distinct empirical implications of Relative and absolute income motives for migrating. In Section II a migration decision model is estimated and is used to explore absolute and Relative income motives for internal and international migration in a sample of rural Mexican households as well as to test the extent to which discontinuity in labour markets shapes the choice of migrant destination. In Section III we present our conclusions." (EXCERPT)
