The Experts below are selected from a list of 9 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Samantha M. Hens - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Sex estimation from cranial morphological traits: Use of the methods across American Indians, modern North Americans, and ancient Egyptians
    Homo : internationale Zeitschrift fur die vergleichende Forschung am Menschen, 2018
    Co-Authors: Kanya Godde, M.m. Thompson, Samantha M. Hens
    Abstract:

    This paper focuses on estimating sex by visual assessment of human cranial morphology. Practitioners in the field report variation in sexual dimorphism across populations. This study evaluates again the general hypothesis that populations vary in their pattern of sexual dimorphism. Specifically, the study tests the degree of expression of four cranial morphological traits (glabella, supraorbital margins, nuchal crest, and mastoid process) across three samples from different time periods and which vary in sociocultural transitions: 1) modern Americans of rural and urban areas spanning the last 186 years; 2) Dynastic Egyptians; and 3) Averbuch American Indians, spanning approximately 1255 CE to 1425 CE, from the southeastern United States. These three populations were specifically chosen for sampling as they represent distinct temporal and groups of varied ancestral composition. Crania from these samples were scored 1-5, with 1 being consistent with expected female morphology. The estimated sex was compared to either documented sex (when available) or discriminant functions derived from craniometrics. Freeman-Fisher-Halton tests examined sample differences, within sexes, affecting the visual assessment method. Post hoc tests were applied to pinpoint where the differences lie between the samples. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that the method does not estimate the sex of crania from all populations in the same manner, indicating that populations display differing patterns of sexual dimorphism. However, understanding these patterns and adjusting for how the method is applied will lead to reliable assessments. A Relative Frequency Table and graphs of distributions are provided for practitioners who can use the information to make successful assessments of sex.

Kanya Godde - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Sex estimation from cranial morphological traits: Use of the methods across American Indians, modern North Americans, and ancient Egyptians
    Homo : internationale Zeitschrift fur die vergleichende Forschung am Menschen, 2018
    Co-Authors: Kanya Godde, M.m. Thompson, Samantha M. Hens
    Abstract:

    This paper focuses on estimating sex by visual assessment of human cranial morphology. Practitioners in the field report variation in sexual dimorphism across populations. This study evaluates again the general hypothesis that populations vary in their pattern of sexual dimorphism. Specifically, the study tests the degree of expression of four cranial morphological traits (glabella, supraorbital margins, nuchal crest, and mastoid process) across three samples from different time periods and which vary in sociocultural transitions: 1) modern Americans of rural and urban areas spanning the last 186 years; 2) Dynastic Egyptians; and 3) Averbuch American Indians, spanning approximately 1255 CE to 1425 CE, from the southeastern United States. These three populations were specifically chosen for sampling as they represent distinct temporal and groups of varied ancestral composition. Crania from these samples were scored 1-5, with 1 being consistent with expected female morphology. The estimated sex was compared to either documented sex (when available) or discriminant functions derived from craniometrics. Freeman-Fisher-Halton tests examined sample differences, within sexes, affecting the visual assessment method. Post hoc tests were applied to pinpoint where the differences lie between the samples. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that the method does not estimate the sex of crania from all populations in the same manner, indicating that populations display differing patterns of sexual dimorphism. However, understanding these patterns and adjusting for how the method is applied will lead to reliable assessments. A Relative Frequency Table and graphs of distributions are provided for practitioners who can use the information to make successful assessments of sex.

M.m. Thompson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Sex estimation from cranial morphological traits: Use of the methods across American Indians, modern North Americans, and ancient Egyptians
    Homo : internationale Zeitschrift fur die vergleichende Forschung am Menschen, 2018
    Co-Authors: Kanya Godde, M.m. Thompson, Samantha M. Hens
    Abstract:

    This paper focuses on estimating sex by visual assessment of human cranial morphology. Practitioners in the field report variation in sexual dimorphism across populations. This study evaluates again the general hypothesis that populations vary in their pattern of sexual dimorphism. Specifically, the study tests the degree of expression of four cranial morphological traits (glabella, supraorbital margins, nuchal crest, and mastoid process) across three samples from different time periods and which vary in sociocultural transitions: 1) modern Americans of rural and urban areas spanning the last 186 years; 2) Dynastic Egyptians; and 3) Averbuch American Indians, spanning approximately 1255 CE to 1425 CE, from the southeastern United States. These three populations were specifically chosen for sampling as they represent distinct temporal and groups of varied ancestral composition. Crania from these samples were scored 1-5, with 1 being consistent with expected female morphology. The estimated sex was compared to either documented sex (when available) or discriminant functions derived from craniometrics. Freeman-Fisher-Halton tests examined sample differences, within sexes, affecting the visual assessment method. Post hoc tests were applied to pinpoint where the differences lie between the samples. The findings of this study support the hypothesis that the method does not estimate the sex of crania from all populations in the same manner, indicating that populations display differing patterns of sexual dimorphism. However, understanding these patterns and adjusting for how the method is applied will lead to reliable assessments. A Relative Frequency Table and graphs of distributions are provided for practitioners who can use the information to make successful assessments of sex.

Ariesthi, Kadek Dwi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP REMAJA PUTRI DALAM MENGHADAPI MENARCHE DI SMP NEGERI 8 KOTA KUPANG
    Stikes CHMK, 2020
    Co-Authors: Ariesthi, Kadek Dwi
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT The lack of good attitude from young women in dealing with Menarche is influenced by several factors, one of which is the level of knowledge. The higher the level of knowledge a teenager has about menarche, the better the attitude or action to be taken in dealing with Menarche. Menarche event is the occurrence of bleeding (menstruation) first on the female genitals because the female glands begin to function, which is to cook the eggs and cooked eggs and then come out of the ovaries (ovaries). This study aims to identify and identify the level of knowledge and attitudes of young women in dealing with Menarche in SMP Negeri 8 Kupang. The research methods used in this research are: (1) Literature study (through scientific essays and documents related to research), (2) Field studies (primary data collection using questionnaires in the form of questionnaires to respondents). The sampling technique uses total sampling, which is sample selection by taking all members of the population to be sampled. The population is all 26 young women who will face Menarche in SMP Negeri 8 Kupang. Data analysis was performed univariately by calculating the distribution and Frequency of the studied variables using the Relative Frequency Table and the percentage of each variable using the proportion formula where the numerator divides the denominator. The results of data analysis showed that of the 26 respondents there were 4% of respondents with a good level of knowledge, 23% of respondents with a sufficient level of knowledge and 73% of respondents with insufficient perception. The analysis also shows that there are 69% of respondents with good attitude, 23% of respondents with enough attitude and 8% of respondents with less attitude. Keywords: Level of knowledge, Young Women, Menarche.ABSTRAK Kurangnya sikap yang baik dari remaja puteri dalam menghadapi Menarche dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor, salah satu nya adalah tingkat pengetahuan. Semakin tinggi tingkat pengetahuan yang dimiliki seorang remaja puteri tentang menarche maka semakin baik pula sikap atau tindakan yang akan dilakukan dalam menghadapi Menarche. Peristiwa Menarche adalah terjadinya pendarahan (haid) pertama pada alat kelamin wanita karena kelenjar wanita mulai berfungsi yaitu memasakan sel telur dan sel telur yang masak itu lalu keluar dari indung telur (ovarium). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengidentifikasi gambaran tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap remaja puteri dalam menghadapi Menarche di SMP Negeri 8 Kupang. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam riset ini adalah : (1) Studi pustaka (melalui buku-buku karangan ilmiah serta dokumen yang berkaitan dengan penelitian), (2) Studi lapangan (pengumpulan data primer dengan menggunakan kuesioner berupa daftar pertanyaan kepada responden). Teknik sampling menggunakan total sampling yakni pemilihan sampel dengan mengambil semua anggota populasi untuk dijadikan sampel. Populasinya adalah semua remaja puteri yang akan menghadapi Menarche di SMP Negeri 8 Kupang sebanyak 26 orang. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat yaitu menghitung distribusi dan frekuensi dari variabel yang diteliti dengan menggunakan tabel frekuensi Relative dan presentase dari tiap variabel dengan menggunakan rumus proporsi dimana pembilang membagi penyebut. Hasil analisis data menunjukan dari 26 responden terdapat 4% responden dengan tingkat pengetahuan baik, 23% responden dengan tingkat pengetahuan cukup dan 73% responden dengan persepsi kurang. Hasil analisis juga menunjukan bahwa terdapat 69% responden dengan sikap baik, 23% responden dengan sikap cukup dan 8% responden dengan sikap kurang. Kata Kunci : Tingkat pengetahuan, Remaja Putri, Menarche

Jishou Ruan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • A furin cleavage site was discovered in the S protein of the 2019 novel coronavirus
    2020
    Co-Authors: Guangyou Duan, Wei Zhang, Jinsong Shi, Jiayuan Chen, Shunmei Chen, Shan Gao, Jishou Ruan
    Abstract:

    The 2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has caused the pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan (a city of China) In our previous study, the analytical results showed that both 2019-nCoV and SARS coronavirus belong to Betacoronavirus subgroup B (BB coronavirus), but have large differences, which are consistent with the differences in the clinical symptoms of two related diseases The most important finding was that the alternative translation of Nankai CDS could produce more than 17 putative proteins, which may be responsible for the host adaption The genotyping of 13 viruses using the 17 putative proteins revealed the high mutation rate and diversity of BB coronavirus The present study for the first time (on January 21st, 2020) reported a very important mutation in the Spike (S) proteins of Betacoronavirus By this mutation, 2019-nCoV acquired a cleavage site for furin enzyme in its S protein, which is not present in the S proteins of most other Betacoronavirus (e g SARS coronavirus) This cleavage site may increase the efficiency of virus infection into cells, making 2019-nCoV has significantly stronger transmissibility than SARS coronavirus The infection mechanism of 2019-nCoV may be changed to being more similar to those of MHV, HIV, Ebola virus (EBoV) and some avian influenza viruses, other than those of most other Betacoronavirus (e g SARS coronavirus) In addition, we unexpectedly found that some avian influenza viruses acquired a cleavage site for furin enzyme by the similar mutation as 2019-nCoV Therefore, the natural mutation can result in a short insertion to form a cleavage site for furin enzyme The cleavage site for furin enzyme in 2019-nCoV contains the "CGGCGG" sequence encoding two arginine (R) residues "CGG", however, is a rare codon for human So we concluded that these two codons were present in the 2019-nCoV -like Betacoronavirus before they transmitted into human and the intermediate host (s) are mammals with a high Relative Frequency of "CGG" usage We provide a Relative Frequency Table of " CGG" usage in mammals to help identify the intermediate hosts of 2019-nCoV Future studies of this mutation will help to reveal the stronger transmissibility of 2019-nCoV and lay foundations for vaccine development and drug design of, but not limited to 2019-nCoV