The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Ingrid A Binswanger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • epidemiology of infectious disease related death after Release from Prison washington state united states and queensland australia a cohort study
    Public Health Reports, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ingrid A Binswanger, Patrick J Blatchford, Marc F Stern, Simon Forsyth, Stuart A Kinner
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVES: People in Prison may be at high risk for infectious diseases and have an elevated risk of death immediately after Release compared with later; their risk of death is elevated for at least a decade after Release. We compared rates, characteristics, and Prison-related risk factors for infectious disease-related mortality among people Released from Prisons in Queensland, Australia, and Washington State, United States, regions with analogous available data. METHODS: We analyzed data from retrospective cohort studies of people Released from Prison in Queensland (1997-2007, n=37,180) and Washington State (1999-2009, n=76,208) and linked identifiers from each cohort to its respective national death index. We estimated infectious disease-related mortality rates (deaths per person-years in community) and examined associations using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: The most frequent infectious disease-related underlying cause of death after Release from Prison was pneumonia (43%, 23/54 deaths) in the Australian cohort and viral hepatitis (40%, 69/171 deaths) in the U.S. cohort. The infectious disease-related mortality rate was significantly higher in the U.S. cohort than in the Australian cohort (51.2 vs. 26.5 deaths per 100,000 person-years; incidence rate ratio = 1.93, 95% confidence interval 1.42, 2.62). In both cohorts, increasing age was strongly associated with mortality from infectious diseases. CONCLUSION: Differences in the epidemiology of infectious disease-related mortality among people Released from Prison may reflect differences in patterns of community health service delivery in each region. These findings highlight the importance of preventing and treating hepatitis C and other infectious diseases during the transition from Prison to the community.

  • epidemiology of infectious disease related death after Release from Prison washington state united states and queensland australia a cohort study
    Public Health Reports, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ingrid A Binswanger, Patrick J Blatchford, M Stern, Simon Forsyth, Stuart A Kinner
    Abstract:

    Objectives.People in Prison may be at high risk for infectious diseases and have an elevated risk of death immediately after Release compared with later; their risk of death is elevated for at leas...

  • clinical risk factors for death after Release from Prison in washington state a nested case control study
    Addiction, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ingrid A Binswanger, Marc F Stern, Traci E Yamashita, Shane R Mueller, Travis P Baggett, Patrick J Blatchford
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: While mortality rates after Prison Release are high, little is known about clinical risk factors for death. We sought to identify risk and protective factors for all-cause and accidental poisoning (overdose) death. DESIGN: Nested case control study of people Released from Prison. SETTING: Washington State Department of Corrections, Washington, USA. PARTICIPANTS: Cases (699 all-cause deaths, of which 88 were among women, and 206 additional overdose deaths, of which 76 were among women) between 1999 and 2009 matched 1:1 to controls on sex, age and year of Release using risk set sampling. MEASUREMENTS: Prison medical charts were abstracted for clinical information. Independent associations between clinical characteristics and all-cause and overdose mortality were assessed using conditional logistic regression. FINDINGS: Key independent risk factors for all-cause mortality included homelessness (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.53, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.06, 2.23), injection drug use (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.15, 2.05), tobacco use (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.06, 2.12), cirrhosis (OR 4.42, 95% CI 1.63, 11.98), and psychiatric medications before Release (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.71, 3.29). Independent risk factors for overdose mortality included substance dependence (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.32, 4.11), injection drug use (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.53, 3.86), panic disorder (OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.62, 9.21), psychiatric prescriptions before Release (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.55, 3.85), and problems with opiates/sedatives (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.40, 5.63). Substance use disorder treatment during the index incarceration was protective for all-cause (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49, 0.91) and overdose (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35, 0.90) mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Injection drug use and substance use disorders are risk factors for death after Release from Prison. In-Prison substance use treatment services may reduce the risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Language: en

  • risk of death for veterans on Release from Prison
    Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 2012
    Co-Authors: Hal S Wortzel, Patrick J Blatchford, Latoya H Conner, Lawrence E Adler, Ingrid A Binswanger
    Abstract:

    We sought to determine, among veterans Released from Washington state Prisons from 1999 through 2003, the risk of death from all causes, whether those veterans have faced a higher risk of death than have nonveterans, and whether having VA benefits decreased the risk of death. We linked data from a retrospective cohort study to data from the Veterans Benefit Administration. Mortality rates were compared between veteran and nonveteran former inmates. The crude rate of veteran mortality was 1,195 per 100,000 person-years, significantly higher than that of nonveterans (p < .001), but adjustment for demographic factors demonstrated no significant increased risk. VA benefits were associated with a reduced risk for all-cause deaths (hazard ratio, .376; 95% confidence interval, 0.18-0.79). Veterans share the heightened risk of death after Release from Prison faced by all Released inmates and should be included in efforts to reduce the risks associated with transitioning from Prison to the community. VA benefits appear to offer a protective effect, particularly against medical deaths.

  • return to drug use and overdose after Release from Prison a qualitative study of risk and protective factors
    Addiction Science & Clinical Practice, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ingrid A Binswanger, Carolyn T Nowels, Karen F Corsi, Jeremy Long, Robert E Booth, Jason M Glanz, John F Steiner
    Abstract:

    Former inmates are at high risk for death from drug overdose, especially in the immediate post-Release period. The purpose of the study is to understand the drug use experiences, perceptions of overdose risk, and experiences with overdose among former Prisoners. This qualitative study included former Prison inmates (N = 29) who were recruited within two months after their Release. Interviewers conducted in-person, semi-structured interviews which explored participants' experiences and perceptions. Transcripts were analyzed utilizing a team-based method of inductive analysis. The following themes emerged: 1) Relapse to drugs and alcohol occurred in a context of poor social support, medical co-morbidity and inadequate economic resources; 2) former inmates experienced ubiquitous exposure to drugs in their living environments; 3) intentional overdose was considered "a way out" given situational stressors, and accidental overdose was perceived as related to decreased tolerance; and 4) protective factors included structured drug treatment programs, spirituality/religion, community-based resources (including self-help groups), and family. Former inmates return to environments that strongly trigger relapse to drug use and put them at risk for overdose. Interventions to prevent overdose after Release from Prison may benefit from including structured treatment with gradual transition to the community, enhanced protective factors, and reductions of environmental triggers to use drugs.

Stuart A Kinner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • health and welfare outcomes for adolescents following Release from Prison in queensland australia a prospective cohort study
    Adolescents, 2021
    Co-Authors: Rohan Borschmann, Dominique De Andrade, Stuart A Kinner
    Abstract:

    Background: The transition from Prison to the community can be a difficult process and may present different challenges for adolescents (aged < 25 years) compared with their older peers. Methods: Using data from a prospective cohort study in Australia, we compared the health and welfare outcomes of adolescents (aged < 25 years) and adults (aged ≥ 25 years) at 1, 3, and 6 months after Release from Prison. Results: After one month, adolescents were less likely to be unemployed (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.31; 95% CI 0.15–0.63), report low levels of social support (aOR 0.41; 95% CI 0.21–0.80), or report high psychological distress (aOR 0.50; 95% CI 0.25–0.99). After three months, adults were more likely to have visited a general practitioner (aOR 2.05; 95% CI 1.04–4.07) and adolescents remained less likely to be unemployed (aOR 0.37; 95% CI 0.19–0.74). After six months, adolescents were three times more likely to have used amphetamine-type stimulants (aOR 3.42; 95% CI 1.29–9.09). Conclusions: Adolescents experience different challenges than their older peers when transitioning from Prison to the community. Age-specific, integrated support is needed for adolescents during this critical period, including strategies to promote early primary care contact, capitalise on social support networks, and discourage risky substance use.

  • high rate of fatal overdose after Release from Prison in bc canada a data linkage study
    International Journal for Population Data Science, 2020
    Co-Authors: Stuart A Kinner, Wen Qi Gan, Amanda K Slaunwhite
    Abstract:

    IntroductionThe province of BC, Canada is in the grips of a sustained overdose epidemic. People Released from Prison are at increased risk of fatal drug overdose, but the impact of the overdose epidemic on mortality after Release from Prison in BC is poorly understood. Few studies have been able to examine risk factors for overdose death in this population. Objectives and ApproachWe aimed to (a) measure risk of overdose-related and all-cause death in different time periods after Release from Prison; and (b) identify risk factors for overdose-related and all-cause death. In a random 20% sample of the population of BC, Canada, we identified those Released from Prison 2015-2017 and examined linked health and correctional records for this cohort. ResultsOf 6106 persons Released from Prison 2015-2017, 77 (1.3%) died from any cause and 48 (0.8%) died from overdose 2015-2017. The incidence of all-cause death was 16.1 (95%CI 13.7-18.8) per 1000 person years, and the incidence of overdose death was 11.2 (95%CI 9.2-13.5) per 1000 person years. Risk factors for overdose death included a history of 3 or more incarcerations (HR=3.00, 95%CI 1.67-5.39), co-occurring substance use disorder and mental illness (HR=4.73, 95%CI 2.94-7.62), chronic physical morbidity (HR=3.10, 95%CI 1.97-4.88), and being dispensed benzodiazepines (HR=3.31, 95%CI 2.27-4.84) or opioids for pain (HR=6.77, 95%CI 3.86-11.89). The incidence of fatal overdose was significantly higher in the first two weeks post-Release than at any other time during follow-up. ConclusionPeople Released from Prison in BC are at markedly increased risk of preventable death, mainly due to overdose. As such, people transitioning from Prison to the community should be a key target population for overdose prevention efforts. To be maximally effective, these efforts must go beyond provision of methadone and naloxone on Release, to consider physical and mental health comorbidities, and psychosocial disadvantage.

  • age specific incidence of injury related hospital contact after Release from Prison a prospective data linkage study
    Injury Prevention, 2020
    Co-Authors: Jesse T Young, Rohan Borschmann, Ed Heffernan, Matthew J Spittal, Lisa Brophy, David B Preen, Emily A Wang, Stuart A Kinner
    Abstract:

    Background In population studies, the risk of injury declines after early adulthood. It is unclear if a similar age difference in the risk of injury exists among people Released from Prison. Methods PreRelease survey data collected between 1 August 2008 and 31 July 2010, from a representative cohort of sentenced adults (≥18 years) in Queensland, Australia, were linked prospectively and retrospectively to person-level emergency department, inpatient hospital and correctional records. To ascertain predictors of injury-related hospital contact, we fit a multivariate Andersen-Gill model and tested the interactions between age group ( Results In 1307 adults Released from Prison, there were 3804 person-years of follow-up. The crude injury rate was 385 (95% CI 364 to 407) per 1000 person-years and did not differ according to age group. Factors associated with increased injury-related hospital contact included a history of mental illness, preincarceration injury, a history of incarceration, Release from a short Prison sentence ( Conclusions Unlike in the general population where the risk of injury declines with age, older adults Released from Prison are at similar risk compared with their younger peers. Adults Released from Prison with mental illness, a history of injury-related hospital contact and who identify as Indigenous are particularly indicated groups for injury prevention.

  • Frequent Attendance to the Emergency Department after Release from Prison: a Prospective Data Linkage Study
    The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Amanda Butler, Alexander D Love, Jesse T Young, Stuart A Kinner
    Abstract:

    The aim of this paper was to identify characteristics and predictors of frequent emergency department (ED) use among people Released from Prisons in Queensland, Australia. Baseline interview data from a sample of sentenced adults were linked to ED and hospital records. The association between baseline characteristics and frequent ED attendance was modelled by fitting multivariate logistic regression models. Participants who had ≥ 4 visits to the ED in any 365-day period of community follow-up were defined as frequent attenders (FA). The analyses included 1307 people and mean follow-up time in the community was 1063 days. After adjusting for covariates, those with a dual diagnoses of mental illness and substance use (RR = 2.42, 95% CI 1.47–3.99) and those with mental illness alone (RR = 2.47, 95% CI 1.29–4.73) were at higher risk of frequent ED attendance, compared with those with no disorder. Future research should assess whether individually tailored transition supports from Prison to community reduce the frequency of ED use among this population.

  • emergency health service contact and reincarceration after Release from Prison a prospective cohort study
    Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 2019
    Co-Authors: Matthew J Spittal, Dominique De Andrade, Kathryn Snow, Faye S Taxman, Julia Crilly, Stuart A Kinner
    Abstract:

    Background Adults Released from Prison often have complex health needs. They are at high risk of poor health outcomes and reincarceration, with health service use unlikely to be planned. Aims/hypotheses To determine the incidence of emergency health service (EHS) use, ambulance attendance and/or emergency department presentation, among 1,181 adults Released from Australian Prisons. We hypothesised that EHS contact would be associated with increased reincarceration risk. Methods Baseline surveys were conducted within 6 weeks before Release. PostRelease EHS contacts and reincarceration were identified through prospective data linkage. For each participant, EHS contacts within a 24‐hour period were combined to make an episode. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to examine the relationship between EHS episodes and reincarceration, controlling for covariates. Results More than half (53.3%) of participants had at least one EHS contact over a median of 25.6‐month follow‐up. In adjusted analyses, compared to those with no EHS contacts, the hazard of reincarceration was greater for participants who had one to three EHS episodes (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.84; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.48, 2.29]) or four or more (HR = 2.35; 95% CI [1.67, 3.29]). Conclusions/implications for practice Emergency department attendance by people with a history of imPrisonment may be indicative of wider decompensation. Improved management of such patients may improve health outcomes and have collateral benefits for reducing reincarceration.

Patrick J Blatchford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • epidemiology of infectious disease related death after Release from Prison washington state united states and queensland australia a cohort study
    Public Health Reports, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ingrid A Binswanger, Patrick J Blatchford, Marc F Stern, Simon Forsyth, Stuart A Kinner
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVES: People in Prison may be at high risk for infectious diseases and have an elevated risk of death immediately after Release compared with later; their risk of death is elevated for at least a decade after Release. We compared rates, characteristics, and Prison-related risk factors for infectious disease-related mortality among people Released from Prisons in Queensland, Australia, and Washington State, United States, regions with analogous available data. METHODS: We analyzed data from retrospective cohort studies of people Released from Prison in Queensland (1997-2007, n=37,180) and Washington State (1999-2009, n=76,208) and linked identifiers from each cohort to its respective national death index. We estimated infectious disease-related mortality rates (deaths per person-years in community) and examined associations using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: The most frequent infectious disease-related underlying cause of death after Release from Prison was pneumonia (43%, 23/54 deaths) in the Australian cohort and viral hepatitis (40%, 69/171 deaths) in the U.S. cohort. The infectious disease-related mortality rate was significantly higher in the U.S. cohort than in the Australian cohort (51.2 vs. 26.5 deaths per 100,000 person-years; incidence rate ratio = 1.93, 95% confidence interval 1.42, 2.62). In both cohorts, increasing age was strongly associated with mortality from infectious diseases. CONCLUSION: Differences in the epidemiology of infectious disease-related mortality among people Released from Prison may reflect differences in patterns of community health service delivery in each region. These findings highlight the importance of preventing and treating hepatitis C and other infectious diseases during the transition from Prison to the community.

  • epidemiology of infectious disease related death after Release from Prison washington state united states and queensland australia a cohort study
    Public Health Reports, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ingrid A Binswanger, Patrick J Blatchford, M Stern, Simon Forsyth, Stuart A Kinner
    Abstract:

    Objectives.People in Prison may be at high risk for infectious diseases and have an elevated risk of death immediately after Release compared with later; their risk of death is elevated for at leas...

  • clinical risk factors for death after Release from Prison in washington state a nested case control study
    Addiction, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ingrid A Binswanger, Marc F Stern, Traci E Yamashita, Shane R Mueller, Travis P Baggett, Patrick J Blatchford
    Abstract:

    BACKGROUND AND AIMS: While mortality rates after Prison Release are high, little is known about clinical risk factors for death. We sought to identify risk and protective factors for all-cause and accidental poisoning (overdose) death. DESIGN: Nested case control study of people Released from Prison. SETTING: Washington State Department of Corrections, Washington, USA. PARTICIPANTS: Cases (699 all-cause deaths, of which 88 were among women, and 206 additional overdose deaths, of which 76 were among women) between 1999 and 2009 matched 1:1 to controls on sex, age and year of Release using risk set sampling. MEASUREMENTS: Prison medical charts were abstracted for clinical information. Independent associations between clinical characteristics and all-cause and overdose mortality were assessed using conditional logistic regression. FINDINGS: Key independent risk factors for all-cause mortality included homelessness (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.53, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.06, 2.23), injection drug use (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.15, 2.05), tobacco use (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.06, 2.12), cirrhosis (OR 4.42, 95% CI 1.63, 11.98), and psychiatric medications before Release (OR 2.37, 95% CI 1.71, 3.29). Independent risk factors for overdose mortality included substance dependence (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.32, 4.11), injection drug use (OR 2.43, 95% CI 1.53, 3.86), panic disorder (OR 3.87, 95% CI 1.62, 9.21), psychiatric prescriptions before Release (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.55, 3.85), and problems with opiates/sedatives (OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.40, 5.63). Substance use disorder treatment during the index incarceration was protective for all-cause (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.49, 0.91) and overdose (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.35, 0.90) mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Injection drug use and substance use disorders are risk factors for death after Release from Prison. In-Prison substance use treatment services may reduce the risk. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. Language: en

  • risk of death for veterans on Release from Prison
    Journal of the American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law, 2012
    Co-Authors: Hal S Wortzel, Patrick J Blatchford, Latoya H Conner, Lawrence E Adler, Ingrid A Binswanger
    Abstract:

    We sought to determine, among veterans Released from Washington state Prisons from 1999 through 2003, the risk of death from all causes, whether those veterans have faced a higher risk of death than have nonveterans, and whether having VA benefits decreased the risk of death. We linked data from a retrospective cohort study to data from the Veterans Benefit Administration. Mortality rates were compared between veteran and nonveteran former inmates. The crude rate of veteran mortality was 1,195 per 100,000 person-years, significantly higher than that of nonveterans (p < .001), but adjustment for demographic factors demonstrated no significant increased risk. VA benefits were associated with a reduced risk for all-cause deaths (hazard ratio, .376; 95% confidence interval, 0.18-0.79). Veterans share the heightened risk of death after Release from Prison faced by all Released inmates and should be included in efforts to reduce the risks associated with transitioning from Prison to the community. VA benefits appear to offer a protective effect, particularly against medical deaths.

  • risk factors for all cause overdose and early deaths after Release from Prison in washington state
    Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ingrid A Binswanger, Patrick J Blatchford, Rebecca G Lindsay, M Stern
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background High mortality rates after Release from Prison have been well-documented, particularly from overdose. However, little is known about the risk factors for death after Release from Prison. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the demographic and incarceration-related risk factors for all-cause, overdose and early mortality after Release from Prison. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of inmates Released from a state Prison system from 1999 through 2003. The cohort included 30,237 who had a total of 38,809 Releases from Prison. Potential risk factors included gender, race/ethnicity, age, length of incarceration, and community supervision. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine risk factors for all-cause, overdose and early (within 30 days of Release) death after Release from Prison. Results Age over 50 was associated with an increased risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 2.67 for each decade increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.23, 3.20) but not for overdose deaths or early deaths. Latinos were at decreased risk of death compared to Whites only for all-cause mortality (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.42, 0.87). Increasing years of incarceration were associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91, 0.99) and overdose deaths (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68, 0.95), but not early deaths. Gender and type of Release were not significantly associated with all-cause, overdose or early deaths. Conclusions Age, ethnicity and length of incarceration were associated with mortality after Release from Prison. Interventions to reduce mortality among former inmates are needed.

Simon Forsyth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • incidence and risk factors for mortality after Release from Prison in australia a prospective cohort study
    Addiction, 2018
    Co-Authors: Simon Forsyth, Megan Carroll, Nicholas Lennox, Stuart A Kinner
    Abstract:

    © 2017 Society for the Study of Addiction Aims: To estimate the incidence and identify risk factors for mortality in adults Released from Prisons in the state of Queensland, Australia. Design: Prospective cohort study, linking baseline survey data with a national death register. Setting: Selected Prisons within Queensland, Australia. Participants: Adults (n = 1320) recruited in Queensland Prisons within 6 weeks of expected Release, between August 2008 and July 2010, followed for up to 4.7 years in the community. Measurements: Participants completed a comprehensive baseline survey covering psychosocial circumstances, physical and mental health, substance use and health risk behaviours. Clinical data were abstracted from Prison medical records and obtained through probabilistic linkage with state-based, community health records. Dates of Prison Release and reincarceration were obtained from correctional records. Deaths were identified through probabilistic linkage with the National Death Index. Adjusted hazard ratios (AHR) were calculated using proportional hazards regression models. Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) were calculated using the population of Queensland as the reference. General population data were obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Findings: The rate of mortality in the cohort was higher than in the age- and sex-matched general population of Queensland for all causes [SMR = 4.0, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.9–5.4] and drug-related causes (SMR = 32, 95% CI = 19–55). In a multivariable model, adjusting for age, sex and Indigenous status, factors associated with increased mortality risk included expecting to have average or better funds available on Release (AHR = 2.9, 99% CI = 1.2–7.1), poor mental health (AHR = 2.6, 99% CI = 1.1–6.1) and self-reported life-time history of overdose (AHR = 2.5, 99% CI = 1.04–6.2). Conclusions: People Released from Prison in Queensland, Australia are at increased risk of death, due particularly to drug-related causes. Those at greatest risk of death are characterized by poor physical and mental health and a history of risky substance use.

  • epidemiology of infectious disease related death after Release from Prison washington state united states and queensland australia a cohort study
    Public Health Reports, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ingrid A Binswanger, Patrick J Blatchford, Marc F Stern, Simon Forsyth, Stuart A Kinner
    Abstract:

    OBJECTIVES: People in Prison may be at high risk for infectious diseases and have an elevated risk of death immediately after Release compared with later; their risk of death is elevated for at least a decade after Release. We compared rates, characteristics, and Prison-related risk factors for infectious disease-related mortality among people Released from Prisons in Queensland, Australia, and Washington State, United States, regions with analogous available data. METHODS: We analyzed data from retrospective cohort studies of people Released from Prison in Queensland (1997-2007, n=37,180) and Washington State (1999-2009, n=76,208) and linked identifiers from each cohort to its respective national death index. We estimated infectious disease-related mortality rates (deaths per person-years in community) and examined associations using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS: The most frequent infectious disease-related underlying cause of death after Release from Prison was pneumonia (43%, 23/54 deaths) in the Australian cohort and viral hepatitis (40%, 69/171 deaths) in the U.S. cohort. The infectious disease-related mortality rate was significantly higher in the U.S. cohort than in the Australian cohort (51.2 vs. 26.5 deaths per 100,000 person-years; incidence rate ratio = 1.93, 95% confidence interval 1.42, 2.62). In both cohorts, increasing age was strongly associated with mortality from infectious diseases. CONCLUSION: Differences in the epidemiology of infectious disease-related mortality among people Released from Prison may reflect differences in patterns of community health service delivery in each region. These findings highlight the importance of preventing and treating hepatitis C and other infectious diseases during the transition from Prison to the community.

  • epidemiology of infectious disease related death after Release from Prison washington state united states and queensland australia a cohort study
    Public Health Reports, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ingrid A Binswanger, Patrick J Blatchford, M Stern, Simon Forsyth, Stuart A Kinner
    Abstract:

    Objectives.People in Prison may be at high risk for infectious diseases and have an elevated risk of death immediately after Release compared with later; their risk of death is elevated for at leas...

  • striking subgroup differences in substance related mortality after Release from Prison
    Addiction, 2014
    Co-Authors: Simon Forsyth, Rosa Alati, Coralie Ober, Gail M Williams, Stuart A Kinner
    Abstract:

    AIMS: To compare the incidence, timing and risk factors for substance-related death between Indigenous and non-Indigenous ex-Prisoners in Queensland, Australia. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: All adult Prisons in the state of Queensland, Australia, linked to deaths registered in Australia. PARTICIPANTS/CASES: We obtained records for all adults Released from Prison in Queensland, Australia from 1 January 1994 to 31 December 2007. Among this cohort of 42 015 individuals we observed 82 315 Releases from Prison and 2158 deaths in the community by the end of 2007, of which 661 were substance-related deaths. MEASUREMENTS: Incarceration data were obtained from Queensland Corrective Services and linked probabilistically with deaths recorded in the Australian National Death Index. FINDINGS: In the first year after Release, Indigenous ex-Prisoners were more likely to die from alcohol-related causes [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1-3.1)] but less likely to die of drug-related causes (HR = 0.34, 95%CI = 0.21-0.53) than were non-Indigenous ex-Prisoners. Among non-Indigenous Prisoners only, the risk of substance-related death was significantly higher in the first 4 weeks [relative risk (RR) = 5.1, 95% CI = 3.7-6.9] when compared with the risk after 1 year post-Release. Most evaluated risk factors for substance-related death were similar for Indigenous and non-Indigenous ex-Prisoners; however, the hazard of death increased with age more for Indigenous ex-Prisoners (HR = 1.7 per decade of age, 95% CI = 1.4-2.1) than for non-Indigenous ex-Prisoners (HR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2-1.4). CONCLUSIONS: In Australia, patterns of substance-related death in ex-Prisoners differ markedly according to Indigenous status. Efforts to prevent substance-related deaths in ex-Prisoners should consider heterogeneity in the target population and tailor responses accordingly.

M Stern - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • epidemiology of infectious disease related death after Release from Prison washington state united states and queensland australia a cohort study
    Public Health Reports, 2016
    Co-Authors: Ingrid A Binswanger, Patrick J Blatchford, M Stern, Simon Forsyth, Stuart A Kinner
    Abstract:

    Objectives.People in Prison may be at high risk for infectious diseases and have an elevated risk of death immediately after Release compared with later; their risk of death is elevated for at leas...

  • risk factors for all cause overdose and early deaths after Release from Prison in washington state
    Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 2011
    Co-Authors: Ingrid A Binswanger, Patrick J Blatchford, Rebecca G Lindsay, M Stern
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background High mortality rates after Release from Prison have been well-documented, particularly from overdose. However, little is known about the risk factors for death after Release from Prison. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the demographic and incarceration-related risk factors for all-cause, overdose and early mortality after Release from Prison. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of inmates Released from a state Prison system from 1999 through 2003. The cohort included 30,237 who had a total of 38,809 Releases from Prison. Potential risk factors included gender, race/ethnicity, age, length of incarceration, and community supervision. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine risk factors for all-cause, overdose and early (within 30 days of Release) death after Release from Prison. Results Age over 50 was associated with an increased risk for all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 2.67 for each decade increase, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.23, 3.20) but not for overdose deaths or early deaths. Latinos were at decreased risk of death compared to Whites only for all-cause mortality (HR 0.61, 95% CI 0.42, 0.87). Increasing years of incarceration were associated with a decreased risk of all-cause mortality (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91, 0.99) and overdose deaths (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.68, 0.95), but not early deaths. Gender and type of Release were not significantly associated with all-cause, overdose or early deaths. Conclusions Age, ethnicity and length of incarceration were associated with mortality after Release from Prison. Interventions to reduce mortality among former inmates are needed.

  • Release from Prison a high risk of death for former inmates
    The New England Journal of Medicine, 2007
    Co-Authors: Ingrid A Binswanger, M Stern, Richard A Deyo, Patrick J Heagerty, Allen Cheadle, Joann G Elmore, Thomas D Koepsell
    Abstract:

    Background The U.S. population of former Prison inmates is large and growing. The period immediately after Release may be challenging for former inmates and may involve substantial health risks. We studied the risk of death among former inmates soon after their Release from Washington State Prisons. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all inmates Released from the Washington State Department of Corrections from July 1999 through December 2003. Prison records were linked to the National Death Index. Data for comparison with Washington State residents were obtained from the Wide-ranging OnLine Data for Epidemiologic Research system of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Mortality rates among former inmates were compared with those among other state residents with the use of indirect standardization and adjustment for age, sex, and race. Results Of 30,237 Released inmates, 443 died during a mean follow-up period of 1.9 years. The overall mortality rate was 777 deaths per 100,000 person-years. The adjusted risk of death among former inmates was 3.5 times that among other state residents (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2 to 3.8). During the first 2 weeks after Release, the risk of death among former inmates was 12.7 (95% CI, 9.2 to 17.4) times that among other state residents, with a markedly elevated relative risk of death from drug overdose (129; 95% CI, 89 to 186). The leading causes of death among former inmates were drug overdose, cardiovascular disease, homicide, and suicide. Conclusions Former Prison inmates were at high risk for death after Release from Prison, particularly during the first 2 weeks. Interventions are necessary to reduce the risk of death after Release from Prison.