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Behzad B Pavri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Review Article Dual Atrioventricular Nodal Pathways Physiology: A Review of Relevant Anatomy, Electrophysiology, and Electrocardiographic
2016Co-Authors: Bhalaghuru Chokkalingam Mani, Behzad B PavriAbstract:More than half a century has passed since the concept of dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathways physiology was conceived. Dual AV nodal pathways have been shown to be responsible for many clinical arrhythmia syndromes, most notably AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. Although there has been a considerable amount of research on this topic, the subject of dual AV nodal pathways physiology remains heavily debated and discussed. Despite advances in understanding arrhythmia mechanisms and the widespread use of invasive electrophysiologic studies, there is still disagreement on the Anatomy and physiology of the AV node that is the basis of discontinuous antegrade AV conduction. The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of dual AV nodal pathways physiology and its varied electrocardiographic manifestations. Key Words: dual AV nodal, arrhythmias, physiology, manifestations The term "dual AV nodal pathways " is loosely used by many clinicians when analyzing electrocardiograms and telemetry strips. This term, to the novice physician, might suggest two, distinct anatomic structures related to the atrioventricular (AV) node, but often the true understanding of this entity is either missing or incomplete. The purpose of this manuscrip
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dual atrioventricular nodal pathways physiology a review of Relevant Anatomy electrophysiology and electrocardiographic manifestations
Indian pacing and electrophysiology journal, 2014Co-Authors: Bhalaghuru Chokkalingam Mani, Behzad B PavriAbstract:More than half a century has passed since the concept of dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathways physiology was conceived. Dual AV nodal pathways have been shown to be responsible for many clinical arrhythmia syndromes, most notably AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. Although there has been a considerable amount of research on this topic, the subject of dual AV nodal pathways physiology remains heavily debated and discussed. Despite advances in understanding arrhythmia mechanisms and the widespread use of invasive electrophysiologic studies, there is still disagreement on the Anatomy and physiology of the AV node that is the basis of discontinuous antegrade AV conduction. The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of dual AV nodal pathways physiology and its varied electrocardiographic manifestations.
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review article dual atrioventricular nodal pathways physiology a review of Relevant Anatomy electrophysiology and electrocardiographic manifestations
2014Co-Authors: Bhalaghuru Chokkalingam Mani, Behzad B PavriAbstract:More than half a century has passed since the concept of dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathways physiology was conceived. Dual AV nodal pathways have been shown to be responsible for many clinical arrhythmia syndromes, most notably AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. Although there has been a considerable amount of research on this topic, the subject of dual AV nodal pathways physiology remains heavily debated and discussed. Despite advances in understanding arrhythmia mechanisms and the widespread use of invasive electrophysiologic studies, there is still disagreement on the Anatomy and physiology of the AV node that is the basis of discontinuous antegrade AV conduction. The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of dual AV nodal pathways physiology and its varied electrocardiographic manifestations.
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dual atrioventricular nodal pathways physiology a review of Relevant Anatomy electrophysiology and electrocardiographic manifestations for the physician in training
Indian pacing and electrophysiology journal, 2014Co-Authors: Bhalaghuru Chokkalingam Mani, Behzad B PavriAbstract:More than half a century has passed since the concept of dual atrioventricular (AV) nodalpathways physiology was conceived. Dual AV nodal pathways have been shown to be responsible for many clinical arrhythmia syndromes, most notably AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. Although there has been a considerable amount of research on this topic, the subject of dual AV nodal pathways physiology remains heavily debated and discussed. Despite advances in understanding arrhythmia mechanisms and the widespread use of invasive electrophysiologic studies, there is still disagreement on the Anatomy and physiology of the AV node that is the basis of discontinuous antegrade AV conduction. The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of dual AV nodal pathways physiology and its varied electrocardiographic manifestations for physicians-in-training in medicine and cardiology.
Francis H Shen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clinically Relevant Anatomy of recurrent laryngeal nerve
Spine, 2012Co-Authors: Justin M Haller, Michael Iwanik, Francis H ShenAbstract:Study Design. An anatomic study of anterior cervical dissection of 11 embalmed cadavers. Objective. To determine the anatomic relationship of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) to the cervical spine and demonstrate vulnerability of the nerve during anterior surgical approach. Summary of Background Data. The most common complications of anterior neck surgery are dysphagia and RLN palsy. The morbidity of these complications has led to the investigation of the impact of sidedness in anterior cervical spine surgery. Methods. Eleven adult cadavers (5 male/6 female) were dissected bilaterally to expose the path of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Results. The right RLN branched from the vagus nerve at the level of T1-T2 or inferior in all specimens. After looping around the subclavian artery, the right RLN became invested in the tracheoesophageal fascia greater than 0.5 cm inferior to C7-T1 in all specimens. The RLN traveled superiorly, slightly anterior to the tracheoesophageal groove, before coursing between the trachea and the thyroid. In 82% (9 of 11) of right-sided dissections, the RLN entered the larynx at or inferior to C6-C7. After looping around the aortic arch, the left RLN was invested in the tracheoesophageal fascia inferior to the T2 level in 100% (10 of 10) of cadavers. The nerve traveled slightly anterior to the tracheoesophageal groove and within the tracheoesophageal fascia before coursing between the trachea and thyroid. In all the left-sided dissections, the RLN entered the larynx at or inferior to C6-C7. Conclusion. This study found that superior to C7-T1, both RLNs had similar anatomic courses and received similar protection via surrounding soft-tissue structures. From an anatomic perspective, the authors did not appreciate a side-to-side difference superior to this level that could place either nerve under greater risk for injury.
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clinically Relevant Anatomy of high anterior cervical approach
Spine, 2011Co-Authors: Justin M Haller, Michael Iwanik, Francis H ShenAbstract:Study design An anatomic study of anterior cervical dissection of 11 embalmed cadavers and measurement of structures relative to cervical spine. Objective To determine the anatomic relationship of the hypoglossal nerve (HN), internal and external superior laryngeal nerves (ESLNs), superior thyroid artery (STA), and superior laryngeal artery (SLA) to cervical spine and demonstrate any vulnerability. Summary of background data The anterior approach is a common approach to the cervical spine. Much of the operative morbidity in high cervical region is related to neurovascular injury leading to dysphagia, dysphonia, impaired high-pitch phonation, and impaired cough reflex. Methods Eleven adult cadavers (5 male/6 female) were dissected bilaterally to expose structures of the high anterior cervical region. Results The HN consistently traveled toward the midline at C2-3 and was safe caudal to C3-4. In 95% of dissections, the internal superior laryngeal nerve (ISLN) was exposed within 1 cm of C3-4. The path of the ESLN was variable, but it was safe above C3-4 and below C6-7. The ESLN was deep to the STA, and it was less bulky and tauter than the ISLN in all dissections. The origin of the STA was quite variable along the carotid artery, but it was most commonly located at C4. Two anatomic variants of the SLA were observed. In 15 dissections, the SLA branched off the superior thyroid. In six dissections, the SLA branched directly from external carotid artery. There was no appreciable side-to-side variation in the neurovascular structures studied. Conclusion On the basis this study, spine surgeons can have enhanced knowledge of high anterior cervical Anatomy. The neurovascular structures in this study did not demonstrate side-to-side anatomic variation; therefore, patient pathology and surgeon preference should dictate the operative side.
Bhalaghuru Chokkalingam Mani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Review Article Dual Atrioventricular Nodal Pathways Physiology: A Review of Relevant Anatomy, Electrophysiology, and Electrocardiographic
2016Co-Authors: Bhalaghuru Chokkalingam Mani, Behzad B PavriAbstract:More than half a century has passed since the concept of dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathways physiology was conceived. Dual AV nodal pathways have been shown to be responsible for many clinical arrhythmia syndromes, most notably AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. Although there has been a considerable amount of research on this topic, the subject of dual AV nodal pathways physiology remains heavily debated and discussed. Despite advances in understanding arrhythmia mechanisms and the widespread use of invasive electrophysiologic studies, there is still disagreement on the Anatomy and physiology of the AV node that is the basis of discontinuous antegrade AV conduction. The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of dual AV nodal pathways physiology and its varied electrocardiographic manifestations. Key Words: dual AV nodal, arrhythmias, physiology, manifestations The term "dual AV nodal pathways " is loosely used by many clinicians when analyzing electrocardiograms and telemetry strips. This term, to the novice physician, might suggest two, distinct anatomic structures related to the atrioventricular (AV) node, but often the true understanding of this entity is either missing or incomplete. The purpose of this manuscrip
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dual atrioventricular nodal pathways physiology a review of Relevant Anatomy electrophysiology and electrocardiographic manifestations
Indian pacing and electrophysiology journal, 2014Co-Authors: Bhalaghuru Chokkalingam Mani, Behzad B PavriAbstract:More than half a century has passed since the concept of dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathways physiology was conceived. Dual AV nodal pathways have been shown to be responsible for many clinical arrhythmia syndromes, most notably AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. Although there has been a considerable amount of research on this topic, the subject of dual AV nodal pathways physiology remains heavily debated and discussed. Despite advances in understanding arrhythmia mechanisms and the widespread use of invasive electrophysiologic studies, there is still disagreement on the Anatomy and physiology of the AV node that is the basis of discontinuous antegrade AV conduction. The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of dual AV nodal pathways physiology and its varied electrocardiographic manifestations.
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review article dual atrioventricular nodal pathways physiology a review of Relevant Anatomy electrophysiology and electrocardiographic manifestations
2014Co-Authors: Bhalaghuru Chokkalingam Mani, Behzad B PavriAbstract:More than half a century has passed since the concept of dual atrioventricular (AV) nodal pathways physiology was conceived. Dual AV nodal pathways have been shown to be responsible for many clinical arrhythmia syndromes, most notably AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. Although there has been a considerable amount of research on this topic, the subject of dual AV nodal pathways physiology remains heavily debated and discussed. Despite advances in understanding arrhythmia mechanisms and the widespread use of invasive electrophysiologic studies, there is still disagreement on the Anatomy and physiology of the AV node that is the basis of discontinuous antegrade AV conduction. The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of dual AV nodal pathways physiology and its varied electrocardiographic manifestations.
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dual atrioventricular nodal pathways physiology a review of Relevant Anatomy electrophysiology and electrocardiographic manifestations for the physician in training
Indian pacing and electrophysiology journal, 2014Co-Authors: Bhalaghuru Chokkalingam Mani, Behzad B PavriAbstract:More than half a century has passed since the concept of dual atrioventricular (AV) nodalpathways physiology was conceived. Dual AV nodal pathways have been shown to be responsible for many clinical arrhythmia syndromes, most notably AV nodal reentrant tachycardia. Although there has been a considerable amount of research on this topic, the subject of dual AV nodal pathways physiology remains heavily debated and discussed. Despite advances in understanding arrhythmia mechanisms and the widespread use of invasive electrophysiologic studies, there is still disagreement on the Anatomy and physiology of the AV node that is the basis of discontinuous antegrade AV conduction. The purpose of this paper is to review the concept of dual AV nodal pathways physiology and its varied electrocardiographic manifestations for physicians-in-training in medicine and cardiology.
Justin M Haller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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clinically Relevant Anatomy of recurrent laryngeal nerve
Spine, 2012Co-Authors: Justin M Haller, Michael Iwanik, Francis H ShenAbstract:Study Design. An anatomic study of anterior cervical dissection of 11 embalmed cadavers. Objective. To determine the anatomic relationship of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) to the cervical spine and demonstrate vulnerability of the nerve during anterior surgical approach. Summary of Background Data. The most common complications of anterior neck surgery are dysphagia and RLN palsy. The morbidity of these complications has led to the investigation of the impact of sidedness in anterior cervical spine surgery. Methods. Eleven adult cadavers (5 male/6 female) were dissected bilaterally to expose the path of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Results. The right RLN branched from the vagus nerve at the level of T1-T2 or inferior in all specimens. After looping around the subclavian artery, the right RLN became invested in the tracheoesophageal fascia greater than 0.5 cm inferior to C7-T1 in all specimens. The RLN traveled superiorly, slightly anterior to the tracheoesophageal groove, before coursing between the trachea and the thyroid. In 82% (9 of 11) of right-sided dissections, the RLN entered the larynx at or inferior to C6-C7. After looping around the aortic arch, the left RLN was invested in the tracheoesophageal fascia inferior to the T2 level in 100% (10 of 10) of cadavers. The nerve traveled slightly anterior to the tracheoesophageal groove and within the tracheoesophageal fascia before coursing between the trachea and thyroid. In all the left-sided dissections, the RLN entered the larynx at or inferior to C6-C7. Conclusion. This study found that superior to C7-T1, both RLNs had similar anatomic courses and received similar protection via surrounding soft-tissue structures. From an anatomic perspective, the authors did not appreciate a side-to-side difference superior to this level that could place either nerve under greater risk for injury.
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clinically Relevant Anatomy of high anterior cervical approach
Spine, 2011Co-Authors: Justin M Haller, Michael Iwanik, Francis H ShenAbstract:Study design An anatomic study of anterior cervical dissection of 11 embalmed cadavers and measurement of structures relative to cervical spine. Objective To determine the anatomic relationship of the hypoglossal nerve (HN), internal and external superior laryngeal nerves (ESLNs), superior thyroid artery (STA), and superior laryngeal artery (SLA) to cervical spine and demonstrate any vulnerability. Summary of background data The anterior approach is a common approach to the cervical spine. Much of the operative morbidity in high cervical region is related to neurovascular injury leading to dysphagia, dysphonia, impaired high-pitch phonation, and impaired cough reflex. Methods Eleven adult cadavers (5 male/6 female) were dissected bilaterally to expose structures of the high anterior cervical region. Results The HN consistently traveled toward the midline at C2-3 and was safe caudal to C3-4. In 95% of dissections, the internal superior laryngeal nerve (ISLN) was exposed within 1 cm of C3-4. The path of the ESLN was variable, but it was safe above C3-4 and below C6-7. The ESLN was deep to the STA, and it was less bulky and tauter than the ISLN in all dissections. The origin of the STA was quite variable along the carotid artery, but it was most commonly located at C4. Two anatomic variants of the SLA were observed. In 15 dissections, the SLA branched off the superior thyroid. In six dissections, the SLA branched directly from external carotid artery. There was no appreciable side-to-side variation in the neurovascular structures studied. Conclusion On the basis this study, spine surgeons can have enhanced knowledge of high anterior cervical Anatomy. The neurovascular structures in this study did not demonstrate side-to-side anatomic variation; therefore, patient pathology and surgeon preference should dictate the operative side.
Geena Benjamin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea and otorrhea a multimodality imaging approach
Diagnostic and interventional imaging, 2019Co-Authors: Shivaprakash Basavanthaiah Hiremath, Amol Anantrao Gautam, Vivek Sasindran, J Therakathu, Geena BenjaminAbstract:Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are extracranial egress of CSF into the adjacent paranasal sinus or tympanomastoid cavity due to an osteodural defect involving skull base. It can be due to a multitude of causes including accidental or iatrogenic trauma, congenital malformations and spontaneous leaks. Accurate localization of the site of the leak, underlying causes and appropriate therapy is necessary to avoid associated complications. In this paper Relevant Anatomy, clinical diagnosis, imaging modalities and associated findings are discussed along with a brief mention about management.