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Richard Sosis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • why aren t we all hutterites costly signaling theory and Religious Behavior
    Human Nature, 2003
    Co-Authors: Richard Sosis
    Abstract:

    In this paper I explore the psychology of ritual performance and present a simple graphical model that clarifies several issues in William Irons’s theory of religion as a “hard-to-fake” sign of commitment. Irons posits that Religious Behaviors or rituals serve as costly signals of an individual’s commitment to a Religious group. Increased commitment among members of a Religious group may facilitate intra-group cooperation, which is argued to be the primary adaptive benefit of religion. Here I propose a proximate explanation for how individuals are able to pay the short-term costs of ritual performance to achieve the long-term fitness benefits offered by Religious groups. The model addresses three significant problems raised by Irons’s theory. First, the model explains why potential free-riders do not join Religious groups even when there are significant net benefits that members of Religious groups can achieve. Second, the model clarifies how costly a ritual must be to achieve stability and prevent potential free-riders from joining the Religious group. Third, the model suggests why Religious groups may require adherents to perform private rituals that are not observed by others. Several hypotheses generated from the model are also discussed.

  • signaling solidarity and the sacred the evolution of Religious Behavior
    Evolutionary Anthropology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Richard Sosis, Candace S Alcorta
    Abstract:

    Anthropologists have repeatedly noted that there has been little theoretical progress in the anthropology of religion over the past fifty years.1–7 By the 1960s, Geertz2 had pronounced the field dead. Recently, however, evolutionary researchers have turned their attention toward understanding the selective pressures that have shaped the human capacity for Religious thoughts and Behaviors, and appear to be resurrecting this long-dormant but important area of research.8–19 This work, which focuses on ultimate evolutionary explanations, is being complemented by advances in neuropsychology and a growing interest among neuroscientists in how ritual, trance, meditation, and other altered states affect brain functioning and development.20–26 This latter research is providing critical insights into the evolution of the proximate mechanisms responsible for Religious Behavior. Here we review these literatures and examine both the proximate mechanisms and ultimate evolutionary processes essential for developing a comprehensive evolutionary explanation of religion.

Netta Barak Corren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • does anti discrimination law influence Religious Behavior an empirical examination
    Social Science Research Network, 2016
    Co-Authors: Netta Barak Corren
    Abstract:

    What role should the Behavioral reality of conflicts regarding gender, sexuality, and Religious convictions play in the theory and doctrine of antidiscrimination law? Although the past several decades have seen broadening tension between traditional beliefs and legal and societal norms — the most recent manifestation being Obergefell v. Hodges — almost no empirical work has been done to elucidate the Behavioral reality of conflicts between religion and antidiscrimination law. This Article is the first empirical, Behavioral study on the decisions made by Religious people under norm conflict. Drawing on two decision experiments with over 3,500 Religious individuals and in-depth interviews with senior Religious managers, this Article examines the central theoretical explanations for why people (dis)obey the law. Is compliance more successfully achieved by improving the perceived fairness of judicial proceedings (as predicted by the procedural fairness theory) or by adjusting the outcomes of these proceedings (as predicted by the economic analysis theory)? Conventional wisdom typically assumes that greater fairness and milder outcomes would facilitate compliance. However, the data suggest that greater procedural fairness has little to no impact on compliance decisions, while milder outcomes that afford monetary penalties as substitutes for legal compliance are not perceived as more acceptable and actually erode adherence to legal norms rather than promoting it. I discuss the broader implications of my findings for Religious accommodations, offering recommendations to lawmakers who wish to mitigate conflicts between law and religion without relinquishing fundamental legal commitments.

Czachesz Istvan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Armaments and ornaments: mate-guarding and the evolutionary roots of religion
    'Informa UK Limited', 2018
    Co-Authors: Czachesz Istvan
    Abstract:

    This article explores the connection between sexual selection and religion, locating the origins of Religious Behavior in mate guarding after the transition to terrestrial life in Homo erectus 1.8 million years ago. An important consequence of the transition was the emergence of a polygynous, multiple-family social structure, which gave rise to mate guarding as a successful strategy. Further, as a result of sleeping on the ground, REM (rapid-eye-movement) phases were substantially extended. This produced novel dream experiences in Homo erectus, which is identified as the origin of proto-Religious traits. The article argues that proto-Religious dream experiences and related Behavioral expressions gave males psychological and strategic advantages in keeping competitors away from their females. Given the strong selective pressure of male competition in polygynous mating systems, biological traits underlying proto-religion were successful in natural selection. Finally, it is suggested how subsequent evolutionary leaps in human cognition shaped Religious thought and Behavior and their role in sexual selection. The article is concluded by outlining how elements of the mate-guarding hypothesis could be tested and improved using empirical methods

  • Armaments and ornaments: mate-guarding and the evolutionary roots of religion
    'Informa UK Limited', 2018
    Co-Authors: Czachesz Istvan
    Abstract:

    This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Religion, Brain & Behavior on , available online: http://www.tandfonline.com/10.1080/2153599X.2018.1498014.This article explores the connection between sexual selection and religion, locating the origins of Religious Behavior in mate guarding after the transition to terrestrial life in Homo erectus 1.8 million years ago. An important consequence of the transition was the emergence of a polygynous, multiple-family social structure, which gave rise to mate guarding as a successful strategy. Further, as a result of sleeping on the ground, REM (rapid-eye-movement) phases were substantially extended. This produced novel dream experiences in Homo erectus, which is identified as the origin of proto-Religious traits. The article argues that proto-Religious dream experiences and related Behavioral expressions gave males psychological and strategic advantages in keeping competitors away from their females. Given the strong selective pressure of male competition in polygynous mating systems, biological traits underlying proto-religion were successful in natural selection. Finally, it is suggested how subsequent evolutionary leaps in human cognition shaped Religious thought and Behavior and their role in sexual selection. The article is concluded by outlining how elements of the mate-guarding hypothesis could be tested and improved using empirical methods

Abdurrohman Abdurrohman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • DERADIKALISASI PEMBELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM (PAI) MODEL KEBERAGAMAAN INKLUSIF DIKALANGAN SISWA SMA
    'State Islamic University (UIN) Mataram', 2018
    Co-Authors: Abdurrohman Abdurrohman
    Abstract:

    The phenomenon of Religious radicalism has become a global threat of the 21st century that phenomenon was a result of Islam as anaccused religion and was often associated with a terrorist religion. Educational institutions often "suspected" in creating of terrorists’ generations because the content material of Islamic Religious Education Study was dogmatic, indoctrinated, and related to proselytizing spirit that confirms truth claims. Anyway, substance of instructional materials used in senior high school does not contain inclusive Religious content so it can create an exclusive and intolerant Religious Behavior among senior high school students. The aim of this study; 1).Providing foothold among students of theological and sociological thinking and Behavior in order to have an inclusive and tolerant religiosity 2).Deploying and seeding ideas and Behavior of an inclusive and tolerant religiosity as a form of resistance ideology (de-radicalization). 3). Filling the void literature Islamic Religious Education Study particular model of inclusive diversity relevant to mainstream Islam in Indonesia. To counteract the Religious radicalism among students, the teaching material of Islamic Religious Education Study must contain Religious inclusive content incorporating the teachings of Islam as a religion Rahmatan Lil Alamin, a religion of tolerance which is supported by the argument of the Qur'an and hadith. By using this model of teaching materials is expected of senior high school students have an inclusive Religious Behavior that is relevant to the character and Indonesian Islam mainstream in order to prevent radicalism Behavior among senior high school students.   Keywords: Islamic Religious Education, Inclusive Diversity, De-Radicalis

  • Pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) Model Keberagamaan Inklusif untuk Mencegah Radikalisme Beragama Dikalangan Siswa SMA
    'IAIN Samarinda', 2017
    Co-Authors: Abdurrohman Abdurrohman, Huldiya Syamsiar
    Abstract:

    The phenomenon of Religious radicalism has become a global threat of the 21st century that phenomenon was a result of Islam as anaccused religion and was often associated with a terrorist religion. Educational institutions often "suspected" in creating of terrorists’ generations because the content material of Islamic Religious Education Study was dogmatic, indoctrinated, and related to proselytizing spirit that confirms truth claims. Anyway, substance of instructional materials used in senior high school does not contain inclusive Religious content so it can create an exclusive and intolerant Religious Behavior among senior high school students. The aim of this study; 1).Providing foothold among students of theological and sociological thinking and Behavior in order to have an inclusive and tolerant religiosity 2).Deploying and seeding ideas and Behavior of an inclusive and tolerant religiosity as a form of resistance ideology (de-radicalization). 3). Filling the void literature Islamic Religious Education Study particular model of inclusive diversity relevant to mainstream Islam in Indonesia. To counteract the Religious radicalism among students, the teaching material of Islamic Religious Education Study must contain Religious inclusive content incorporating the teachings of Islam as a religion Rahmatan Lil Alamin, a religion of tolerance which is supported by the argument of the Quran and hadith. By using this model of teaching materials is expected of senior high school students have an inclusive Religious Behavior that is relevant to the character and Indonesian Islam mainstream in order to prevent radicalism Behavior among senior high school students

Christopher G. Ellison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • is sociology the core discipline for the scientific study of religion
    Social Forces, 1995
    Co-Authors: Christopher G. Ellison, Darren E Sherkat
    Abstract:

    We argue that sociology should be the integrative discipline for the scientific study of religion. Sociology has made considerable progress by incorporating specialized knowledge of religion from disciplines ranging from gerontology and community psychology to Religious economics, church history, and even theology. Sociology has also generated insights in other disciplines concerned with the study of religion, at times shaping the types of questions asked, the concepts and research methods employed, and the conclusions reached in these fields. To elaborate our arguments, we focus on two important substantive areas: (1) research on the relationships between religion, meaning systems, and personal well-being; and (2) research on Religious Behavior and Religious markets. We underscore the integrative role of sociology, and identify several neglected opportunities for synthesis. In addition, briefly assess the effect of sociology on work in other disciplines and on the functioning of Religious organizations. We can expect controversy among sociologists over the proposition that sociology is a science, and certainly there will be even less agreement with the contention that sociology is the central discipline for the scientific study of human Behavior. Critics of this thesis will turn to features of social life which seem idiosyncratic or inexplicable through the rational scientific enterprise, and Religious Behavior is one such feature. Less thoughtful critics poke fun at the title of a leading specialty journal, the Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, as an oxymoron, suggesting that whatever the status of the discipline of sociology as a science, the sociology of religion would not qualify. In this article, we will argue that sociology should be considered the integrative discipline for the scientific study of religion. Our task is somewhat different from those of the other contributors, because unlike the other fields represented here (e.g., biology, psychology), "religion" per se is neither an explanatory "science" nor a clearly delineated academic discipline. Sociology has

  • Rational choise explanations of individual Religious Behavior: notes on the problem of social embeddedness : Symposium on the rational choice approach to religion
    Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 1995
    Co-Authors: Christopher G. Ellison
    Abstract:

    L'A. s'interesse a la notion de choix rationnel a propos des attitudes religieuses de l'individu. S'il est globalement d'accord avec cette theorie, il lui reproche d'extraire l'attitude individuelle de son contexte culturel et social. Les perspectives de la theorie du choix personnel fonctionnent mieux lorsque les modeles economiques sont envisages avec des notions sociologiques. Les consequences des sanctions sociales et des contraintes normatives sur les choix religieux n'ont recu que peu d'attention. En outre, il apparait necessaire de se pencher sur les contextes culturels divers qui menent l'individu a des choix religieux