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Teixeira, Júlio César - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Assessment of the efficacy and of the water contamination possibility of polypropylene made air-Removal Equipment, installed on a drinking water connection - case study: Juiz de Fora, MG
Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental - ABES, 2004Co-Authors: Leal, Fabiano César Tosetti, Teixeira, Júlio CésarAbstract:Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia e a possibilidade de contaminação da água em determinado tipo de equipamento eliminador de ar, fabricado em polipropileno. Sua operação foi estudada em nove pontos de consumo no município de Juiz de Fora - MG, com reclamações recorrentes de consumidores sobre intermitência no abastecimento. O trabalho de campo teve duração de 11 meses. Para avaliar a eficácia do equipamento, foi instalado, em série com o cavalete da ligação de água, um novo cavalete composto por dois hidrômetros, separados pelo eliminador de ar. Comparados os consumos acumulados pelos dois hidrômetros nos pontos, verificou-se uma variação de + 4,51% a - 2,02%. Pelos resultados obtidos, pode-se afirmar que o emprego do eliminador de ar na rede de abastecimento de água de Juiz de Fora - MG não apresentou benefício significativo para o consumidor. Contudo, 91% dos equipamentos testados apresentaram possibilidade de contaminação da água.This work aimed to assess the efficacy and the water contamination possibility of a particular type of air-Removal Equipment, made of polypropylene. Its functioning was analysed at nine different consumption points in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG, there being recurrent complaints from consumers about constant interruptions in water supply. The field work had a duration of 11 months. In order to assess the efficacy of the Equipment, a new sawhorse was installed in a row with the water connection sawhorse. The new sawhorse was composed of two hydrometers, with the air-Removal Equipment between them. Having compared the consumption levels recorded by the two hydrometers at the points, it was founded a variation ranging from + 4.51% to -2.02 %. The obtained results may state that the use of the air-Removal Equipment in Juiz de Fora did not cause any significant beneficial effect as far as consumers are concerned. However, 91% of the tested air-Removal Equipments showed possibility of water contamination
Júlio César Teixeira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Avaliação da eficácia e da possibilidade da contaminação da água em eliminadores de ar fabricados em polipropileno, quando instalados em cavaletes de ligações de água potável - estudo de caso: Juiz de Fora - MG Assessment of the efficacy and of the water contamination possibility of polypropylene made air-Removal Equipment, installed on a drinking water connection - case study: Juiz de Fora, MG
Brazilian Association of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, 2004Co-Authors: Fabiano César Tosetti Leal, Júlio César TeixeiraAbstract:Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a eficácia e a possibilidade de contaminação da água em determinado tipo de equipamento eliminador de ar, fabricado em polipropileno. Sua operação foi estudada em nove pontos de consumo no município de Juiz de Fora - MG, com reclamações recorrentes de consumidores sobre intermitência no abastecimento. O trabalho de campo teve duração de 11 meses. Para avaliar a eficácia do equipamento, foi instalado, em série com o cavalete da ligação de água, um novo cavalete composto por dois hidrômetros, separados pelo eliminador de ar. Comparados os consumos acumulados pelos dois hidrômetros nos pontos, verificou-se uma variação de + 4,51% a - 2,02%. Pelos resultados obtidos, pode-se afirmar que o emprego do eliminador de ar na rede de abastecimento de água de Juiz de Fora - MG não apresentou benefício significativo para o consumidor. Contudo, 91% dos equipamentos testados apresentaram possibilidade de contaminação da água.This work aimed to assess the efficacy and the water contamination possibility of a particular type of air-Removal Equipment, made of polypropylene. Its functioning was analysed at nine different consumption points in the city of Juiz de Fora, MG, there being recurrent complaints from consumers about constant interruptions in water supply. The field work had a duration of 11 months. In order to assess the efficacy of the Equipment, a new sawhorse was installed in a row with the water connection sawhorse. The new sawhorse was composed of two hydrometers, with the air-Removal Equipment between them. Having compared the consumption levels recorded by the two hydrometers at the points, it was founded a variation ranging from + 4.51% to -2.02 %. The obtained results may state that the use of the air-Removal Equipment in Juiz de Fora did not cause any significant beneficial effect as far as consumers are concerned. However, 91% of the tested air-Removal Equipments showed possibility of water contamination
Brown, Robert C. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Biomass-Derived Hydrogen from a Thermally Ballasted Gasifier
'Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)', 2007Co-Authors: Brown, Robert C.Abstract:The goal of this project is to develop an indirectly heated gasification system that converts switchgrass into hydrogen-rich gas suitable for powering fuel cells. The project includes investigations of the indirectly-heated gasifier, development of particulate Removal Equipment, evaluation of catalytic methods for upgrading producer gas, development of contaminant measurement and control techniques, modeling of the thermal performance of the ballasted gasifier, and estimation of the cost of hydrogen from the proposed gasification system. Specific technologies investigated include a thermally ballasted gasifier, a moving bed granular filter, and catalytic reactors for steam reforming and water-gas shift reaction. The approach to this project was to employ a pilot-scale (5 ton per day) gasifier to evaluate the thermally ballasted gasifier as a means for producing hydrogen from switchgrass. A slipstream from the gasifier was used to evaluate gas cleaning and upgrading options. Other tests were conducted with laboratory-scale Equipment using simulated producer gas. The ballasted gasifier operated in conjunction with a steam reformer and two-stage water-gas shift reactor produced gas streams containing 54.5 vol-% H2. If purge gas to the feeder system could be substantially eliminated, hydrogen concentration would reach 61 vol-%, which closely approaches the theoretical maximum of 66 vol-%. Tests with a combined catalyst/sorbent system demonstrated that steam reforming and water-gas shift reaction could be substantially performed in a single reactor and achieve hydrogen concentrations exceeding 90 vol-%. Cold flow trials with a laboratory-scale moving bed granular filter achieved particle Removal efficiencies exceeding 99%. Two metal-based sorbents were tested for their ability to remove H2S from biomass-derived producer gas. The ZnO sorbent, tested at 450 C, was effective in reducing H2S from 200 ppm to less than 2 ppm (>99% reduction) while tests with the MnO sorbent were inconclusive. A computer model was developed that successfully predicted the thermal performance of the ballasted gasifier. An economic comparison of an air-blown gasification plant and a ballasted gasifier plant found that operating costs for ballasted gasification plant are about 31% higher than for the air blown gasifier plant. Hydrogen from the ballasted gasification plant and air blown gasification plant are projected to be $2.43/kg and $1.85/kg, respectively. This is lower than U.S. DOE’s 2010 target price of $2.90/kg and comparable to U.S. DOE’s 2015 target price of $2.00/kg
Robert C. Brown - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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biomass derived hydrogen from a thermally ballasted gasifier
2007Co-Authors: Robert C. BrownAbstract:The goal of this project is to develop an indirectly heated gasification system that converts switchgrass into hydrogen-rich gas suitable for powering fuel cells. The project includes investigations of the indirectly-heated gasifier, development of particulate Removal Equipment, evaluation of catalytic methods for upgrading producer gas, development of contaminant measurement and control techniques, modeling of the thermal performance of the ballasted gasifier, and estimation of the cost of hydrogen from the proposed gasification system. Specific technologies investigated include a thermally ballasted gasifier, a moving bed granular filter, and catalytic reactors for steam reforming and water-gas shift reaction. The approach to this project was to employ a pilot-scale (5 ton per day) gasifier to evaluate the thermally ballasted gasifier as a means for producing hydrogen from switchgrass. A slipstream from the gasifier was used to evaluate gas cleaning and upgrading options. Other tests were conducted with laboratory-scale Equipment using simulated producer gas. The ballasted gasifier operated in conjunction with a steam reformer and two-stage water-gas shift reactor produced gas streams containing 54.5 vol-% H2. If purge gas to the feeder system could be substantially eliminated, hydrogen concentration would reach 61 vol-%, which closely approaches the theoretical maximum of 66 vol-%. Tests with more » a combined catalyst/sorbent system demonstrated that steam reforming and water-gas shift reaction could be substantially performed in a single reactor and achieve hydrogen concentrations exceeding 90 vol-%. Cold flow trials with a laboratory-scale moving bed granular filter achieved particle Removal efficiencies exceeding 99%. Two metal-based sorbents were tested for their ability to remove H2S from biomass-derived producer gas. The ZnO sorbent, tested at 450° C, was effective in reducing H2S from 200 ppm to less than 2 ppm (>99% reduction) while tests with the MnO sorbent were inconclusive. A computer model was developed that successfully predicted the thermal performance of the ballasted gasifier. An economic comparison of an air-blown gasification plant and a ballasted gasifier plant found that operating costs for ballasted gasification plant are about 31% higher than for the air blown gasifier plant. Hydrogen from the ballasted gasification plant and air blown gasification plant are projected to be $2.43/kg and $1.85/kg, respectively. This is lower than U.S. DOE’s 2010 target price of $2.90/kg and comparable to U.S. DOE’s 2015 target price of $2.00/kg. « less
M. A. Nirenshteyn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Current State and Trends in the Design and Operation of Water-Cooled Condensers of Steam Turbines for Thermal and Nuclear Power Stations (Review)
Thermal Engineering, 2019Co-Authors: Yuri M. Brodov, A. Yu. Ryabchikov, K. E. Aronson, M. A. NirenshteynAbstract:— A review and analysis are presented of the available foreign publications on the modern methods of design, manufacture, design calculation, and operation of water-cooled condensers for large steam turbines used in Russia and abroad. A list of the world’s leading manufacturers of condensers is presented. The adopted alternative arrangements of condensers concerning the turbine centerline and available condenser design styles are examined. The condensers for turbines manufactured by General Electric and the Leningrad Metal Works (LMZ) are compared by their design characteristics and performance indices. The arrangements of tube bundles used in designing and upgrading condensers in Russia and abroad are presented. Information is given on construction materials of condenser tubes and tube sheets as well as on the methods for tube-to-tube sheet attachment. Data on air Removal Equipment of the condensers are presented. The basic lines of evolution of steam jet ejectors, water-ring pumps, and hybrid air Removal systems are considered. The methods of condenser heat-transfer surface cleaning adopted in Russia and abroad are compared. The data on the number of failures and the basic causes of these failure are presented. The procedures for replacement of tubes during repair or modernization of condensers and the symptoms used to determine the necessity of tube replacement are described. Information derived from the authors' investigations and a review of American publications on the potential for heat transfer enhancement in the condensers through the use of shaped tubes is given. The condenser design methods and standards applicable in Russia and abroad are assessed. The lines of improvement in the design of condensers for modern steam turbines of thermal and nuclear power stations are outlined.