The Experts below are selected from a list of 23364 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Marcello Nicoletti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
larvicidal activities of a Neem cake fractions on aedes albopictus
Pharmacology on line, 2013Co-Authors: Susanna Mariani, Marcello NicolettiAbstract:There is an urgent need for ecologically sound, equitable and ethical pest management, based on control agents that are pest-specific, nontoxic to humans and other biota, biodegradable, less prone to pest resistance and resurgence and relatively less expensive. The last aspect is fundamental for a large scale use in emerging countries. Among various options concerning botanical bio-pesticides, Neem has been identified as a source of eco-friendly "soft" natural pesticides. We report our results in scientific validation of Neem cake, a by-product of seed Neem oil production. Neem cake was selected on the basis of low cost, sustainability, availability of enormous quantities, other uses in agriculture and possible direct utilization. However, the proposal had to face the possibility of different compositions of marketed Neem cakes and their corresponding activities. Furthermore, Neem cakes compositions resulted so different from the Neem oil ones to make necessary a re-writing of the chemistry chapter. The last episode of this research is here reported with new data concerning the larvicidal activities of Neem cake extracts at different compositions.
-
alternative control of muscle spoilage by a Neem cake extract
2013Co-Authors: P Del Serrone, Marcello NicolettiAbstract:Interest in the use of antimicrobial packaging systems for muscle and muscle products has increased in recent years to prolong shelf-life, to improve safety, sensory properties, quality of fresh retail meat and to prevent economic loss. The exploration of plant-derived antimicrobials should be an innovative way to find new alternative substances as meat preservatives for antimicrobial packaging. In addition, the use of plant derived antimicrobial products is important as they represent a lower perceived risk to the consumer. This is the first report dealing with the antimicrobial activity of an ethylacetate (CH3COOCH2CH3) Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) cake extract (NCE) against spoilage bacteria of fresh retail meat (Escherichia coli, Brochothrix thermosphacta, Enterococcus faecalis, Carnobacterium sp., Lactobacillus curvatus, Lactobacillus sakei and Leuconostoc sp.) using the broth macro-dilution method. The percentage of bacterial growth reduction (GR%) varies significantly (P ≥ 0.05) in function of the concentration of NCE considered (1:101:100,000). The highest percentage of bacterial growth reduction in appropriate liquid medium was obtained at 10 µg of NCE (GR%:79.75±1.53-90.73±1.53). The obtained results showed that the NCE has a broad range of antibacterial activity. The numbers of viable bacterial cells never significantly (p ≤ 0.05) overcome the inoculums’ concentration used to experimentally contaminate meat at each interval considered. NCE should be considered as potential preservative for active packaging of fresh retail meat
-
Neem cake: chemical composition and larvicidal activity on Asian tiger mosquito
Parasitology Research, 2012Co-Authors: Marcello Nicoletti, Susanna Mariani, Oliviero Maccioni, Tiziana Coccioletti, Kadarkarai MuruganAbstract:New pesticides based on natural products are urgently needed, in consideration of their environmental care and lower collateral effects. Neem oil, the main product obtained from Azadiractha indica A. Juss, commonly known as Neem tree, is mainly used in medical devices, cosmetics and soaps, as well as important insecticide. Manufacturing of Neem oil first includes the collection of the Neem seeds as raw material used for the extraction. Neem cake is the waste by-product remaining after extraction processes. The quality of the oil, as that of the cake, strictly depends from the quality of seeds as well as from the type of extraction processes used, which strongly influences the chemical composition of the product. Currently, the different types of commercial Neem cake on the market are roughly identified as oiled and deoiled cake, but several other differences can be detected. The differences are relevant and must be determined, to obtain the necessary correlation between chemical constitution and larvicidal activities. Six different batches of Neem cake, marketed by several Indian and European companies, were analyzed by HPLC and HPTLC, and their fingerprints compared, obtaining information about the different compositions, focusing in particular on nortriterpenes, considered as the main active components of Neem oil. Therefore, the chemical composition of each cake was connected with the biological activitiy, i.e., the effects of the extracts of the six Neem cakes were tested on eggs and larvae of Aedes albopictus ( Stegomyia albopicta ) (Diptera: Culicidae), commonly known as Asian tiger mosquito. The results confirmed the previously reported larvicide effects of Neem cake that, however, can now be related to the chemical composition, in particular with nortriterpenes, allowing in that way to discriminate between the quality of the various marketed products, as potential domestic insecticides.
-
Neem tree azadirachta indica a juss as source of bioinsectides
Insecticides, 2012Co-Authors: Marcello Nicoletti, Susanna Mariani, Oliviero Maccioni, Tiziana Coccioletti, Fabio VitaliAbstract:The interest in developing pesticides of natural origins has increased during recent years, because of the drawback of synthetic chemical pesticides, like impact on environment, toxicity to non target organisms including humans, resistance development in insect population. Furthermore, other considerations emerged, including low cost, renewable raw material, like wasting, interest for a possible individual use in urban area. In this paper attention was focused on products of Neem tree, Azadiractha indica (A. Juss, 1830), and in particular on Neem cake, the by-product obtained in the cold-pressed process of Neem oil production. Actually Neem cake marketed products are not used as pesticides, but mainly as fertilizers. Data on their compositions and insecticidal activity are lacking. Studies on marketed Neem cake products made by HPTLC and HPLC analyses showed differences in their compositions, in particular on limonoids. Once determined limonoid contents in extracts of increasing polarity, these contents were related to larvicidal activity on Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894). The aim of the reported studies is check the possibility of developing a new domestic insecticide using Neem cake as raw material, in particular against biting mosquitos present in urban areas.
-
toxic effects of Neem cake extracts on aedes albopictus skuse larvae
Parasitology Research, 2010Co-Authors: Marcello Nicoletti, Mauro Serafini, A Aliboni, Armando Dandrea, Susanna MarianiAbstract:In order to investigate its insecticide potential, the Neem cake methanol extract was first analyzed and then separated by different solvents. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the Neem cake methanol extract still contained relevant quantities of nortriterpenes. Fractions of increasing polarity were obtained from the separation process: hexane fraction (Hp), EtOAc fraction (Ep), n-BuOH fraction (Bp), and aqueous fraction (Wp). The activity of the fractions on Aedes albopictus (Skuse) eggs and larvae was tested, and the Ep fraction exhibits the most relevant larvicide effect. The nuclear magnetic resonance fingerprint analysis of this phytocomplex isolated on EtOAc fraction was performed. The larvicidal effectiveness of the phytocomplex isolated on EtOAc, compared to that of pure and commercial azadirachtin solutions of different concentrations, was checked. The results showed that the activity of the phytocomplex, as a whole, was significantly higher than those of isolated compound solutions. As a consequence, the Neem cake is a promising low-cost, easily available on the market, and natural resource to develop a new bioinsecticide, mainly in developing countries.
Susanna Mariani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
larvicidal activities of a Neem cake fractions on aedes albopictus
Pharmacology on line, 2013Co-Authors: Susanna Mariani, Marcello NicolettiAbstract:There is an urgent need for ecologically sound, equitable and ethical pest management, based on control agents that are pest-specific, nontoxic to humans and other biota, biodegradable, less prone to pest resistance and resurgence and relatively less expensive. The last aspect is fundamental for a large scale use in emerging countries. Among various options concerning botanical bio-pesticides, Neem has been identified as a source of eco-friendly "soft" natural pesticides. We report our results in scientific validation of Neem cake, a by-product of seed Neem oil production. Neem cake was selected on the basis of low cost, sustainability, availability of enormous quantities, other uses in agriculture and possible direct utilization. However, the proposal had to face the possibility of different compositions of marketed Neem cakes and their corresponding activities. Furthermore, Neem cakes compositions resulted so different from the Neem oil ones to make necessary a re-writing of the chemistry chapter. The last episode of this research is here reported with new data concerning the larvicidal activities of Neem cake extracts at different compositions.
-
Neem cake: chemical composition and larvicidal activity on Asian tiger mosquito
Parasitology Research, 2012Co-Authors: Marcello Nicoletti, Susanna Mariani, Oliviero Maccioni, Tiziana Coccioletti, Kadarkarai MuruganAbstract:New pesticides based on natural products are urgently needed, in consideration of their environmental care and lower collateral effects. Neem oil, the main product obtained from Azadiractha indica A. Juss, commonly known as Neem tree, is mainly used in medical devices, cosmetics and soaps, as well as important insecticide. Manufacturing of Neem oil first includes the collection of the Neem seeds as raw material used for the extraction. Neem cake is the waste by-product remaining after extraction processes. The quality of the oil, as that of the cake, strictly depends from the quality of seeds as well as from the type of extraction processes used, which strongly influences the chemical composition of the product. Currently, the different types of commercial Neem cake on the market are roughly identified as oiled and deoiled cake, but several other differences can be detected. The differences are relevant and must be determined, to obtain the necessary correlation between chemical constitution and larvicidal activities. Six different batches of Neem cake, marketed by several Indian and European companies, were analyzed by HPLC and HPTLC, and their fingerprints compared, obtaining information about the different compositions, focusing in particular on nortriterpenes, considered as the main active components of Neem oil. Therefore, the chemical composition of each cake was connected with the biological activitiy, i.e., the effects of the extracts of the six Neem cakes were tested on eggs and larvae of Aedes albopictus ( Stegomyia albopicta ) (Diptera: Culicidae), commonly known as Asian tiger mosquito. The results confirmed the previously reported larvicide effects of Neem cake that, however, can now be related to the chemical composition, in particular with nortriterpenes, allowing in that way to discriminate between the quality of the various marketed products, as potential domestic insecticides.
-
Neem tree azadirachta indica a juss as source of bioinsectides
Insecticides, 2012Co-Authors: Marcello Nicoletti, Susanna Mariani, Oliviero Maccioni, Tiziana Coccioletti, Fabio VitaliAbstract:The interest in developing pesticides of natural origins has increased during recent years, because of the drawback of synthetic chemical pesticides, like impact on environment, toxicity to non target organisms including humans, resistance development in insect population. Furthermore, other considerations emerged, including low cost, renewable raw material, like wasting, interest for a possible individual use in urban area. In this paper attention was focused on products of Neem tree, Azadiractha indica (A. Juss, 1830), and in particular on Neem cake, the by-product obtained in the cold-pressed process of Neem oil production. Actually Neem cake marketed products are not used as pesticides, but mainly as fertilizers. Data on their compositions and insecticidal activity are lacking. Studies on marketed Neem cake products made by HPTLC and HPLC analyses showed differences in their compositions, in particular on limonoids. Once determined limonoid contents in extracts of increasing polarity, these contents were related to larvicidal activity on Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894). The aim of the reported studies is check the possibility of developing a new domestic insecticide using Neem cake as raw material, in particular against biting mosquitos present in urban areas.
-
toxic effects of Neem cake extracts on aedes albopictus skuse larvae
Parasitology Research, 2010Co-Authors: Marcello Nicoletti, Mauro Serafini, A Aliboni, Armando Dandrea, Susanna MarianiAbstract:In order to investigate its insecticide potential, the Neem cake methanol extract was first analyzed and then separated by different solvents. The high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the Neem cake methanol extract still contained relevant quantities of nortriterpenes. Fractions of increasing polarity were obtained from the separation process: hexane fraction (Hp), EtOAc fraction (Ep), n-BuOH fraction (Bp), and aqueous fraction (Wp). The activity of the fractions on Aedes albopictus (Skuse) eggs and larvae was tested, and the Ep fraction exhibits the most relevant larvicide effect. The nuclear magnetic resonance fingerprint analysis of this phytocomplex isolated on EtOAc fraction was performed. The larvicidal effectiveness of the phytocomplex isolated on EtOAc, compared to that of pure and commercial azadirachtin solutions of different concentrations, was checked. The results showed that the activity of the phytocomplex, as a whole, was significantly higher than those of isolated compound solutions. As a consequence, the Neem cake is a promising low-cost, easily available on the market, and natural resource to develop a new bioinsecticide, mainly in developing countries.
Nand K Sah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
anticancer biology of azadirachta indica l Neem a mini review
Cancer Biology & Therapy, 2011Co-Authors: Rajkumar Paul, Murari Prasad, Nand K SahAbstract:Neem (Azadirachta indica), a member of the Meliaceae family, is a fast growing tropical evergreen tree with a highly branched and stout, solid stem. Because of its tremendous therapeutic, domestic, agricultural and ethnomedicinal significance, and its proximity with human culture and civilization, Neem has been called “the wonder tree” and “nature’s drug store.” All parts of this tree, particularly the leaves, bark, seed-oil and their purified products are widely used for treatment of cancer. Over 60 different types of biochemicals including terpenoids and steroids have been purified from this plant. Pre-clinical research work done during the last decade has fine-tuned our understanding of the anticancer properties of the crude and purified products from this plant. The anticancer properties of the plant have been studied largely in terms of its preventive, protective, tumor-suppressive, immunomodulatory and apoptotic effects against various types of cancer and their molecular mechanisms. This review aims...
-
anticancer biology of azadirachta indica l Neem a mini review
Cancer Biology & Therapy, 2011Co-Authors: Rajkumar Paul, Murari Prasad, Nand K SahAbstract:Neem (Azadirachta indica), a member of the Meliaceae family, is a fast growing tropical evergreen tree with a highly branched and stout, solid stem. Because of its tremendous therapeutic, domestic, agricultural and ethnomedicinal significance, and its proximity with human culture and civilization, Neem has been called "the wonder tree" and "nature's drug store." All parts of this tree, particularly the leaves, bark, seed-oil and their purified products are widely used for treatment of cancer. Over 60 different types of biochemicals including terpenoids and steroids have been purified from this plant. Pre-clinical research work done during the last decade has fine-tuned our understanding of the anticancer properties of the crude and purified products from this plant. The anticancer properties of the plant have been studied largely in terms of its preventive, protective, tumor-suppressive, immunomodulatory and apoptotic effects against various types of cancer and their molecular mechanisms. This review aims at scanning scattered literature on "the anticancer biology of A. indica," related toxicity problems and future perspectives. The cogent data on the anticancer biology of products from A. indica deserve multi-institutional clinical trials as early as possible. The prospects of relatively cheaper cancer drugs could then be brighter, particularly for the under-privileged cancer patients of the world.
Kadarkarai Murugan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Neem cake: chemical composition and larvicidal activity on Asian tiger mosquito
Parasitology Research, 2012Co-Authors: Marcello Nicoletti, Susanna Mariani, Oliviero Maccioni, Tiziana Coccioletti, Kadarkarai MuruganAbstract:New pesticides based on natural products are urgently needed, in consideration of their environmental care and lower collateral effects. Neem oil, the main product obtained from Azadiractha indica A. Juss, commonly known as Neem tree, is mainly used in medical devices, cosmetics and soaps, as well as important insecticide. Manufacturing of Neem oil first includes the collection of the Neem seeds as raw material used for the extraction. Neem cake is the waste by-product remaining after extraction processes. The quality of the oil, as that of the cake, strictly depends from the quality of seeds as well as from the type of extraction processes used, which strongly influences the chemical composition of the product. Currently, the different types of commercial Neem cake on the market are roughly identified as oiled and deoiled cake, but several other differences can be detected. The differences are relevant and must be determined, to obtain the necessary correlation between chemical constitution and larvicidal activities. Six different batches of Neem cake, marketed by several Indian and European companies, were analyzed by HPLC and HPTLC, and their fingerprints compared, obtaining information about the different compositions, focusing in particular on nortriterpenes, considered as the main active components of Neem oil. Therefore, the chemical composition of each cake was connected with the biological activitiy, i.e., the effects of the extracts of the six Neem cakes were tested on eggs and larvae of Aedes albopictus ( Stegomyia albopicta ) (Diptera: Culicidae), commonly known as Asian tiger mosquito. The results confirmed the previously reported larvicide effects of Neem cake that, however, can now be related to the chemical composition, in particular with nortriterpenes, allowing in that way to discriminate between the quality of the various marketed products, as potential domestic insecticides.
-
antipupational effect of Neem oil and Neem seed kernel extract against mosquito larvae of anopheles stephensi liston
Journal of entomological research, 1996Co-Authors: Kadarkarai Murugan, D. Jeyabalan, Ramya Akula Suresh Babu, Senthil N Kumar, Shobhana SivaramakrishnanAbstract:Antipupational effect of Neem oil and Neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) was evaluated against Anopheles stephensi. As a result of treatment of water used for rearing, Neem oil (5%) was more effective than NSKE, the larval mortality being 99.3% as compared to 65.9% with NSKE (5%). But 10% NSKE gave 89.8% larval mortality. The percentage of pupation and adult emergence appeared to be dose-dependent, being respectively 19.3 and 11.2% with 3% Neem oil as compared to 93.7 and 89.6% obtained in control. No pupation occurred with 5% Neem oil treatment. With 5% NSKE, the adult emergence was 20.7%, whereas in 3% Neem oil it was reduced to 11.2%. With 2.5% NSKE, the adult emergence was 54.8%, but drastically reduced to 3.1% when 10% NSKE was used vis-a-vis control (89.6%). Evidently, the percentage of pupation and adult emergence were markedly reduced by Neem oil and NSKE treatments, suggesting the growth regulatory effects and post-ingestive toxicity of Neem extractives in mosquito control.
-
antipupational effect of Neem oil and Neem seed kernel extract against mosquito larvae of anopheles stephensi liston
Journal of entomological research, 1996Co-Authors: Kadarkarai Murugan, D. Jeyabalan, Ramya Akula Suresh Babu, Senthil N Kumar, Shobhana SivaramakrishnanAbstract:Antipupational effect of Neem oil and Neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) was evaluated against Anopheles stephensi. As a result of treatment of water used for rearing, Neem oil (5%) was more effective than NSKE, the larval mortality being 99.3% as compared to 65.9% with NSKE (5%). But 10% NSKE gave 89.8% larval mortality. The percentage of pupation and adult emergence appeared to be dose-dependent, being respectively 19.3 and 11.2% with 3% Neem oil as compared to 93.7 and 89.6% obtained in control. No pupation occurred with 5% Neem oil treatment. With 5% NSKE, the adult emergence was 20.7%, whereas in 3% Neem oil it was reduced to 11.2%. With 2.5% NSKE, the adult emergence was 54.8%, but drastically reduced to 3.1% when 10% NSKE was used vis-a-vis control (89.6%). Evidently, the percentage of pupation and adult emergence were markedly reduced by Neem oil and NSKE treatments, suggesting the growth regulatory effects and post-ingestive toxicity of Neem extractives in mosquito control.
A P Dash - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
larvicidal activity of Neem oil azadirachta indica formulation against mosquitoes
Malaria Journal, 2009Co-Authors: Virendra K Dua, A C Pandey, K Raghavendra, Ashish Gupta, Trilochan Sharma, A P DashAbstract:Background Mosquitoes transmit serious human diseases, causing millions of deaths every year. Use of synthetic insecticides to control vector mosquitoes has caused physiological resistance and adverse environmental effects in addition to high operational cost. Insecticides of botanical origin have been reported as useful for control of mosquitoes. Azadirachta indica (Meliaceae) and its derived products have shown a variety of insecticidal properties. The present paper discusses the larvicidal activity of Neem-based biopesticide for the control of mosquitoes.
