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Nobuoki Kohno - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • mustard gas exposure and mortality among retired workers at a poisonous gas factory in japan a 57 year follow up cohort study
    Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2017
    Co-Authors: Kenichi Mukaida, Yoshifumi Nishimura, Hiroshi Iwamoto, Noboru Hattori, Yojiro Onari, Keiichi Kondoh, Tomoyuki Akita, Junko Tanaka, Nobuoki Kohno
    Abstract:

    Objectives Mustard gas (MG) has been the most widely used chemical warfare agent in the past century. However, few but conflicting data exist on the effects of MG exposure on long-term mortality. We investigated MG-related mortality in retired workers at a poisonous gas factory. Methods We assessed mortality rates among 2392 male and 1226 female workers, whose vital status could be determined through 31 December 2009, at a poisonous gas factory operating from 1929 to 1945 in Okuno-jima, Japan. The analysis employed standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) calculated using national and prefectural references and a Cox proportional hazard regression model. Applying the Kaplan-Meier method, we compared cumulative death rates in the study cohort stratified by an ‘Okuno-jima MG Index’ which represented the product of HRs derived for job category and length of service. Results Among male workers, we found significant excesses in mortality from upper Respiratory Tract Cancer (SMR 3.06), liver Cancer (1.67), lung Cancer (2.01) and chronic bronchitis/emphysema (4.84) compared with the national population, as well as stomach Cancer (1.20) versus the Hiroshima Prefecture population. When stratified into 3 subgroups by the Okuno-jima MG Index, those with a higher Okuno-jima MG Index had significantly higher cumulative rates of death from Respiratory Cancer and chronic bronchitis/emphysema. Conclusions MG exposure significantly increases the long-term risk of death from Respiratory Cancer and chronic bronchitis/emphysema. The Okuno-jima MG Index may be a useful indicator for estimating cumulative MG exposure.

  • Mustard gas exposure causing death due to Respiratory Tract Cancer and chronic bronchitis in the long term
    European Respiratory Journal, 2013
    Co-Authors: Kenichi Mukaida, Nobuhisa Ishikawa, Yoshifumi Nishimura, Yasushi Horimasu, Yojiro Ohnari, Hiroshi Iwamoto, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Keiichi Kondo, Noboru Hattori, Nobuoki Kohno
    Abstract:

    Background: The defunct Japanese Army operated a factory producing mustard gas from 1929 to 1945 in Okuno-jima, Hiroshima, Japan. A previous epidemiologic study demonstrated a high incidence of Respiratory Tract Cancer, liver Cancer, and chronic bronchitis among former workers of this gas factory. However, the risk factors associated with incidence of various diseases were not well evaluated, and the long-term effects of mustard gas are unclear. Aim: This study aimed to elucidate the long-term effects of mustard gas, which caused carcinogenesis and Respiratory diseases in the factory workers, ultimately leading to death. Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of 2,395 male former workers who were employed in the gas factory in Okuno-jima from 1929 to 1948 and followed them up until 2009 to ascertain their vital status and causes of death. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for major causes of death were calculated. Multiple Cox regression models were designed to examine the relationship between mustard gas exposure and each cause of death. Results: The SMR was 132 for all Cancers, 211 for Respiratory Tract Cancers, 166 for liver Cancer, 133 for Respiratory diseases, and 473 for chronic bronchitis. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that a higher risk for mustard gas exposure and longer duration of employment were independently associated with a higher risk of death from Respiratory Tract Cancer and chronic bronchitis. Conclusion: Our long-term follow-up data suggest that occupational exposure to mustard gas is associated with an increased risk of death from Respiratory Tract Cancer and chronic bronchitis.

Kenichi Mukaida - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • mustard gas exposure and mortality among retired workers at a poisonous gas factory in japan a 57 year follow up cohort study
    Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2017
    Co-Authors: Kenichi Mukaida, Yoshifumi Nishimura, Hiroshi Iwamoto, Noboru Hattori, Yojiro Onari, Keiichi Kondoh, Tomoyuki Akita, Junko Tanaka, Nobuoki Kohno
    Abstract:

    Objectives Mustard gas (MG) has been the most widely used chemical warfare agent in the past century. However, few but conflicting data exist on the effects of MG exposure on long-term mortality. We investigated MG-related mortality in retired workers at a poisonous gas factory. Methods We assessed mortality rates among 2392 male and 1226 female workers, whose vital status could be determined through 31 December 2009, at a poisonous gas factory operating from 1929 to 1945 in Okuno-jima, Japan. The analysis employed standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) calculated using national and prefectural references and a Cox proportional hazard regression model. Applying the Kaplan-Meier method, we compared cumulative death rates in the study cohort stratified by an ‘Okuno-jima MG Index’ which represented the product of HRs derived for job category and length of service. Results Among male workers, we found significant excesses in mortality from upper Respiratory Tract Cancer (SMR 3.06), liver Cancer (1.67), lung Cancer (2.01) and chronic bronchitis/emphysema (4.84) compared with the national population, as well as stomach Cancer (1.20) versus the Hiroshima Prefecture population. When stratified into 3 subgroups by the Okuno-jima MG Index, those with a higher Okuno-jima MG Index had significantly higher cumulative rates of death from Respiratory Cancer and chronic bronchitis/emphysema. Conclusions MG exposure significantly increases the long-term risk of death from Respiratory Cancer and chronic bronchitis/emphysema. The Okuno-jima MG Index may be a useful indicator for estimating cumulative MG exposure.

  • Mustard gas exposure causing death due to Respiratory Tract Cancer and chronic bronchitis in the long term
    European Respiratory Journal, 2013
    Co-Authors: Kenichi Mukaida, Nobuhisa Ishikawa, Yoshifumi Nishimura, Yasushi Horimasu, Yojiro Ohnari, Hiroshi Iwamoto, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Keiichi Kondo, Noboru Hattori, Nobuoki Kohno
    Abstract:

    Background: The defunct Japanese Army operated a factory producing mustard gas from 1929 to 1945 in Okuno-jima, Hiroshima, Japan. A previous epidemiologic study demonstrated a high incidence of Respiratory Tract Cancer, liver Cancer, and chronic bronchitis among former workers of this gas factory. However, the risk factors associated with incidence of various diseases were not well evaluated, and the long-term effects of mustard gas are unclear. Aim: This study aimed to elucidate the long-term effects of mustard gas, which caused carcinogenesis and Respiratory diseases in the factory workers, ultimately leading to death. Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of 2,395 male former workers who were employed in the gas factory in Okuno-jima from 1929 to 1948 and followed them up until 2009 to ascertain their vital status and causes of death. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for major causes of death were calculated. Multiple Cox regression models were designed to examine the relationship between mustard gas exposure and each cause of death. Results: The SMR was 132 for all Cancers, 211 for Respiratory Tract Cancers, 166 for liver Cancer, 133 for Respiratory diseases, and 473 for chronic bronchitis. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that a higher risk for mustard gas exposure and longer duration of employment were independently associated with a higher risk of death from Respiratory Tract Cancer and chronic bronchitis. Conclusion: Our long-term follow-up data suggest that occupational exposure to mustard gas is associated with an increased risk of death from Respiratory Tract Cancer and chronic bronchitis.

Bernd Döhler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • treatment of kidney transplant recipients with acei arb and risk of Respiratory Tract Cancer a collaborative transplant study report
    American Journal of Transplantation, 2011
    Co-Authors: Gerhard Opelz, Bernd Döhler
    Abstract:

    Whether treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and/or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) increases the risk of Cancer is controversial. Collaborative transplant study data were analyzed according to whether kidney transplant recipients were treated with ACEi/ARB at year 1. Twenty-four thousand and ninety patients were studied of whom 9079 (38%) patients received ACEi/ARB. There were 872 nonskin malignancies during years 2–8 posttransplant, including 107 Respiratory/intrathoracic tumors. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for all nonskin malignancies was similar between the ACEi/ARB (1.91) and no ACEi/ARB (1.81) groups (p = 0.42). For Respiratory/intrathoracic tumors, however, SIR was significantly higher with ACEi/ARB (1.65 vs. 1.09 for no ACEi/ARB, p = 0.033). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that ACEi/ARB treatment was not associated with an increased risk of Respiratory/intrathoracic tumors in nonsmokers. In patients with a history of smoking, however, the risk of Respiratory/intrathoracic tumors was 2.77 (95% CI 1.19–6.43, p = 0.018) in patients without ACEi/ARB treatment as compared to 7.10 (95% CI 3.27–15.4, p < 0.001) in patients treated with ACEi/ARB. Our data indicate that in kidney transplant recipients, ACEi/ARB treatment is associated with a significant increase in the rate of Respiratory/intrathoracic tumors in the subpopulation of patients with a history of smoking.

  • Treatment of kidney transplant recipients with ACEi/ARB and risk of Respiratory Tract Cancer: a collaborative transplant study report.
    American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2011
    Co-Authors: Gerhard Opelz, Bernd Döhler
    Abstract:

    Whether treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and/or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) increases the risk of Cancer is controversial. Collaborative transplant study data were analyzed according to whether kidney transplant recipients were treated with ACEi/ARB at year 1. Twenty-four thousand and ninety patients were studied of whom 9079 (38%) patients received ACEi/ARB. There were 872 nonskin malignancies during years 2–8 posttransplant, including 107 Respiratory/intrathoracic tumors. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for all nonskin malignancies was similar between the ACEi/ARB (1.91) and no ACEi/ARB (1.81) groups (p = 0.42). For Respiratory/intrathoracic tumors, however, SIR was significantly higher with ACEi/ARB (1.65 vs. 1.09 for no ACEi/ARB, p = 0.033). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that ACEi/ARB treatment was not associated with an increased risk of Respiratory/intrathoracic tumors in nonsmokers. In patients with a history of smoking, however, the risk of Respiratory/intrathoracic tumors was 2.77 (95% CI 1.19–6.43, p = 0.018) in patients without ACEi/ARB treatment as compared to 7.10 (95% CI 3.27–15.4, p < 0.001) in patients treated with ACEi/ARB. Our data indicate that in kidney transplant recipients, ACEi/ARB treatment is associated with a significant increase in the rate of Respiratory/intrathoracic tumors in the subpopulation of patients with a history of smoking.

Hiroshi Iwamoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • mustard gas exposure and mortality among retired workers at a poisonous gas factory in japan a 57 year follow up cohort study
    Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2017
    Co-Authors: Kenichi Mukaida, Yoshifumi Nishimura, Hiroshi Iwamoto, Noboru Hattori, Yojiro Onari, Keiichi Kondoh, Tomoyuki Akita, Junko Tanaka, Nobuoki Kohno
    Abstract:

    Objectives Mustard gas (MG) has been the most widely used chemical warfare agent in the past century. However, few but conflicting data exist on the effects of MG exposure on long-term mortality. We investigated MG-related mortality in retired workers at a poisonous gas factory. Methods We assessed mortality rates among 2392 male and 1226 female workers, whose vital status could be determined through 31 December 2009, at a poisonous gas factory operating from 1929 to 1945 in Okuno-jima, Japan. The analysis employed standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) calculated using national and prefectural references and a Cox proportional hazard regression model. Applying the Kaplan-Meier method, we compared cumulative death rates in the study cohort stratified by an ‘Okuno-jima MG Index’ which represented the product of HRs derived for job category and length of service. Results Among male workers, we found significant excesses in mortality from upper Respiratory Tract Cancer (SMR 3.06), liver Cancer (1.67), lung Cancer (2.01) and chronic bronchitis/emphysema (4.84) compared with the national population, as well as stomach Cancer (1.20) versus the Hiroshima Prefecture population. When stratified into 3 subgroups by the Okuno-jima MG Index, those with a higher Okuno-jima MG Index had significantly higher cumulative rates of death from Respiratory Cancer and chronic bronchitis/emphysema. Conclusions MG exposure significantly increases the long-term risk of death from Respiratory Cancer and chronic bronchitis/emphysema. The Okuno-jima MG Index may be a useful indicator for estimating cumulative MG exposure.

  • Mustard gas exposure causing death due to Respiratory Tract Cancer and chronic bronchitis in the long term
    European Respiratory Journal, 2013
    Co-Authors: Kenichi Mukaida, Nobuhisa Ishikawa, Yoshifumi Nishimura, Yasushi Horimasu, Yojiro Ohnari, Hiroshi Iwamoto, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Keiichi Kondo, Noboru Hattori, Nobuoki Kohno
    Abstract:

    Background: The defunct Japanese Army operated a factory producing mustard gas from 1929 to 1945 in Okuno-jima, Hiroshima, Japan. A previous epidemiologic study demonstrated a high incidence of Respiratory Tract Cancer, liver Cancer, and chronic bronchitis among former workers of this gas factory. However, the risk factors associated with incidence of various diseases were not well evaluated, and the long-term effects of mustard gas are unclear. Aim: This study aimed to elucidate the long-term effects of mustard gas, which caused carcinogenesis and Respiratory diseases in the factory workers, ultimately leading to death. Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of 2,395 male former workers who were employed in the gas factory in Okuno-jima from 1929 to 1948 and followed them up until 2009 to ascertain their vital status and causes of death. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for major causes of death were calculated. Multiple Cox regression models were designed to examine the relationship between mustard gas exposure and each cause of death. Results: The SMR was 132 for all Cancers, 211 for Respiratory Tract Cancers, 166 for liver Cancer, 133 for Respiratory diseases, and 473 for chronic bronchitis. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that a higher risk for mustard gas exposure and longer duration of employment were independently associated with a higher risk of death from Respiratory Tract Cancer and chronic bronchitis. Conclusion: Our long-term follow-up data suggest that occupational exposure to mustard gas is associated with an increased risk of death from Respiratory Tract Cancer and chronic bronchitis.

Yoshifumi Nishimura - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • mustard gas exposure and mortality among retired workers at a poisonous gas factory in japan a 57 year follow up cohort study
    Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 2017
    Co-Authors: Kenichi Mukaida, Yoshifumi Nishimura, Hiroshi Iwamoto, Noboru Hattori, Yojiro Onari, Keiichi Kondoh, Tomoyuki Akita, Junko Tanaka, Nobuoki Kohno
    Abstract:

    Objectives Mustard gas (MG) has been the most widely used chemical warfare agent in the past century. However, few but conflicting data exist on the effects of MG exposure on long-term mortality. We investigated MG-related mortality in retired workers at a poisonous gas factory. Methods We assessed mortality rates among 2392 male and 1226 female workers, whose vital status could be determined through 31 December 2009, at a poisonous gas factory operating from 1929 to 1945 in Okuno-jima, Japan. The analysis employed standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) calculated using national and prefectural references and a Cox proportional hazard regression model. Applying the Kaplan-Meier method, we compared cumulative death rates in the study cohort stratified by an ‘Okuno-jima MG Index’ which represented the product of HRs derived for job category and length of service. Results Among male workers, we found significant excesses in mortality from upper Respiratory Tract Cancer (SMR 3.06), liver Cancer (1.67), lung Cancer (2.01) and chronic bronchitis/emphysema (4.84) compared with the national population, as well as stomach Cancer (1.20) versus the Hiroshima Prefecture population. When stratified into 3 subgroups by the Okuno-jima MG Index, those with a higher Okuno-jima MG Index had significantly higher cumulative rates of death from Respiratory Cancer and chronic bronchitis/emphysema. Conclusions MG exposure significantly increases the long-term risk of death from Respiratory Cancer and chronic bronchitis/emphysema. The Okuno-jima MG Index may be a useful indicator for estimating cumulative MG exposure.

  • Mustard gas exposure causing death due to Respiratory Tract Cancer and chronic bronchitis in the long term
    European Respiratory Journal, 2013
    Co-Authors: Kenichi Mukaida, Nobuhisa Ishikawa, Yoshifumi Nishimura, Yasushi Horimasu, Yojiro Ohnari, Hiroshi Iwamoto, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Keiichi Kondo, Noboru Hattori, Nobuoki Kohno
    Abstract:

    Background: The defunct Japanese Army operated a factory producing mustard gas from 1929 to 1945 in Okuno-jima, Hiroshima, Japan. A previous epidemiologic study demonstrated a high incidence of Respiratory Tract Cancer, liver Cancer, and chronic bronchitis among former workers of this gas factory. However, the risk factors associated with incidence of various diseases were not well evaluated, and the long-term effects of mustard gas are unclear. Aim: This study aimed to elucidate the long-term effects of mustard gas, which caused carcinogenesis and Respiratory diseases in the factory workers, ultimately leading to death. Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of 2,395 male former workers who were employed in the gas factory in Okuno-jima from 1929 to 1948 and followed them up until 2009 to ascertain their vital status and causes of death. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) for major causes of death were calculated. Multiple Cox regression models were designed to examine the relationship between mustard gas exposure and each cause of death. Results: The SMR was 132 for all Cancers, 211 for Respiratory Tract Cancers, 166 for liver Cancer, 133 for Respiratory diseases, and 473 for chronic bronchitis. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis showed that a higher risk for mustard gas exposure and longer duration of employment were independently associated with a higher risk of death from Respiratory Tract Cancer and chronic bronchitis. Conclusion: Our long-term follow-up data suggest that occupational exposure to mustard gas is associated with an increased risk of death from Respiratory Tract Cancer and chronic bronchitis.