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David J Mckenzie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cardiac and behavioural responses to hypoxia and warming in free swimming gilthead seabream sparus aurata
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2021Co-Authors: A Mignucci, J Bourjea, F Forget, H Allal, Gilbert Dutto, Eric Gasset, David J MckenzieAbstract:Gilthead seabream were equipped with intraperitoneal biologging tags to investigate cardiac responses to hypoxia and warming, comparing when fish were either swimming freely in a tank with conspecifics or confined to individual Respirometers. After tag implantation under anaesthesia, heart rate (f(H)) required 60 h to recover to a stable value in a holding tank. Subsequently, when undisturbed under control conditions (normoxia, 21 degrees C), mean f(H) was always significantly lower in the tank than in the Respirometers. In progressive hypoxia (100% to 15% oxygen saturation), mean f(H) in the tank was significantly lower than in the Respirometers at oxygen levels down to 40%, with significant bradycardia in both holding conditions below this level. Simultaneous logging of tri-axial body acceleration revealed that spontaneous activity, inferred as the variance of external acceleration (VAR(m)), was low and invariant in hypoxia. Warming (21 to 31 degrees C) caused progressive tachycardia with no differences in f(H) between holding conditions. Mean VAR(m) was, however, significantly higher in the tank during warming, with a positive relationship between VAR(m) and f(H) across all temperatures. Therefore, spontaneous activity contributed to raising f(H) of fish in the tank during warming. Mean f(H) in Respirometers had a highly significant linear relationship with mean rates of oxygen uptake, considering data from hypoxia and warming together. The high f(H) of confined seabream indicates that respirometry techniques may bias estimates of metabolic traits in some fishes, and that biologging on free-swimming fish will provide more reliable insight into cardiac and behavioural responses to environmental stressors by fish in their natural environment.
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cardiac and behavioural responses to hypoxia and warming in free swimming gilthead seabream sparus aurata
bioRxiv, 2021Co-Authors: A Mignucci, J Bourjea, F Forget, H Allal, Gilbert Dutto, Eric Gasset, David J MckenzieAbstract:Cardiac and behavioural responses to hypoxia and warming were investigated in free-swimming gilthead seabream Sparus aurata equipped with biologging tags in the peritoneal cavity. After suitable recovery in a holding tank, heart rate (fH) and the variance of tri-axial body acceleration (VARm) were logged during exposure to stepwise progressive hypoxia or warming, comparing when either swimming in a tank or confined to individual Respirometer chambers. When undisturbed under control conditions (normoxia, 21 {degrees}C), mean fH was significantly lower in tank than Respirometers. In progressive hypoxia (100 - 15% oxygen saturation), mean fH in the tank was significantly lower than Respirometers at oxygen levels until 40%, with significant bradycardia in both holding conditions below this. Mean VARm was low and invariant in hypoxia. Warming (21 to 31 {degrees}C) caused progressive tachycardia with no differences in fH between holding conditions. Mean VARm was, however, significantly higher in the tank during warming, with a positive relationship between VARm and fH across all temperatures. Therefore, spontaneous activity contributed to raising fH of fish in the tank during warming. Mean fH in Respirometers had a highly significant linear relationship with mean rates of oxygen uptake, considering data from hypoxia and warming together. The high fH of confined S. aurata indicates that static respirometry techniques may bias estimates of metabolic traits in some fish species. Biologging on free-swimming fish revealed novel information about cardiac responses to environmental stressors, which may be closer to responses exhibited by fish in their natural environment. SUMMARY STATEMENTImplantable biologgers were used to provide the first measurements of cardiac responses to hypoxia and warming in a free-swimming fish, revealing that confinement in Respirometer chambers raises heart rate, with consequences for estimates of metabolic rates.
Costa, Melissa Riani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Uso da respirometria para avaliação da biodegradação aeróbia de lixiviado de resíduos sólidos urbanos em latossolo vermelho-escuro
2012Co-Authors: Costa, Melissa RianiAbstract:A grande quantidade de lixões abandonados e que serão desativados gera a necessidade de remediação de solos contaminados com lixiviado de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). A biorremediação surge como alternativa a ser implementada em áreas contaminadas, utilizando microrganismos capazes de consumir os poluentes presentes no resíduo. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial de biodegradabilidade de amostras de lixiviado de RSU em Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro, característico de Brasília, além de avaliar a utilização da respirometria como ferramenta para acompanhamento da biodegradação aeróbia de lixiviado de RSU e para identificação de solo contaminado por substância tóxica. Para a quantificação do CO2 produzido, foram utilizados Respirômetros de Bartha, que continham solução de KOH. Os experimentos respirométricos foram divididos em duas etapas: a primeira consistiu na utilização de amostras de solo contaminadas com lixiviado de RSU, e na segunda foram utilizadas amostras de solo contaminadas com lixiviado de RSU e substância tóxica (HgCl2). Cada teste contemplava três tratamentos, em triplicata. Em um dos tratamentos, foi inserido lixiviado bruto nas amostras de solo; em outro, lixiviado diluído com água destilada na proporção 1:1; e no tratamento controle, inseriu-se apenas água destilada. A quantidade de lixiviado ou água destilada inserida foi correspondente a 60% da Capacidade de Campo do solo utilizado, visando fornecer umidade aos microrganismos sem tornar o solo saturado e anaeróbio. Os resultados demonstraram que, ao final dos 50 dias de experimento com amostras de solo contaminadas com lixiviado de RSU, foi observada Produção Média Acumulada de CO2 (em mg/50 g de solo) de aproximadamente 181 nos respirômetros com lixiviado bruto; 173 nos respirômetros com lixiviado diluído; e 154 nos respirômetros controle. O valor de produção de CO2 obtido nos seis primeiros dias de monitoramento foi de cerca de 85% da produção máxima teórica de CO2 estimada com base na DBOU, o que indica atividade microbiana e demonstra o potencial dos microrganismos em tratar o solo estudado quando contaminado com o lixiviado de RSU analisado. Os resultados do Teste com amostras de solo contaminadas com lixiviado de RSU e substância tóxica, ao final do período de 41 dias de incubação, apresentaram Produção Média Acumulada de CO2 (em mg/50 g de solo) de aproximadamente 120 nos respirômetros controle; 99 nos respirômetros com lixiviado contaminado diluído; e 69 nos respirômetros com lixiviado contaminado bruto, indicando que os microrganismos do lixiviado de RSU provavelmente foram afetados pelo mercúrio inserido, o que dificultaria a aplicação de um processo de biorremediação em solos contaminados por lixiviado com alta toxicidade. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe large number of dumps abandoned and which will probably be disabled in the next future generates need for soils’ remediation, especially those contaminated with municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate. On the other hand, bioremediation is a technology to be implemented in contaminated areas, using microorganisms which are capable to consume pollutants present in the residue. In this context, the main objective of this research was to evaluate the potential degradation of MSW’s samples of leachate in Dark Red Latossoil - the most common in Brasilia’s region. Furthermore, the use of respirometry as a technique for monitoring the MSW’s aerobic leachate’s biodegradation and identification of soil contaminated by toxic substances was also investigated. Hence, the respirometric experiments were carried out in Bartha’s Respirometer and were divided into two stages: the former used soil samples contaminated by MSW’s leachate and the latter analyzed soil contaminated by MSW’s leachate added to toxic substance (HgCl2). Each test contemplated three treatments in triplicate: one used raw leachate in soil samples; the other held leachate diluted with distilled water in 1:1 ratio and, in the last one (control treatment), only distilled water was added. In all these experiments, the amount of leachate or distilled water inserted corresponded to 60% of the soils’ field capacity, in order to provide moisture to the microorganisms without making the soil saturated or anaerobic. The final results obtained showed that, by the end of 50th day in the experiment with soil’s samples contaminated only with MSW’s leachate, the average CO2’s accumulated production were - in milligrams per 50 grams of soil – about of 181 in Respirometers with raw leachate; 173 in Respirometers with diluted leachate and 154 in control Respirometers. Moreover, the CO2’s production obtained in the first of the six days of constant monitoring was approximately 85% of the maximum theoretical production – these estimated by the Ultimate BOD. Those results indicate that the most organic matter readily biodegradable was consumed very quickly and demonstrate the great microorganisms’ potential to promote bioremediation in areas contaminated with MSW’s leachate. Instead, the test samples containing soil contaminated by MSW’s leachate and toxic substance showed that, by the end of the 41-day-incubation-period, the CO2’s average accumulated production was – in milligrams per 50 grams of soil – about of 120 in control Respirometers, 99 in Respirometers contaminated with diluted leachate and 69 in Respirometers contaminated with raw leachate. These numbers indicate that MSW’s leachate microorganisms were probably affected by mercury added, which makes very difficult the application of bioremediation’s process for soils contaminated by leachate containing high toxicity
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Uso da respirometria para avaliação da biodegradação aeróbia de lixiviado de resíduos sólidos urbanos em latossolo vermelho-escuro
2009Co-Authors: Costa, Melissa RianiAbstract:Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2009.A grande quantidade de lixões abandonados e que serão desativados gera a necessidade de remediação de solos contaminados com lixiviado de resíduos sólidos urbanos (RSU). A biorremediação surge como alternativa a ser implementada em áreas contaminadas, utilizando microrganismos capazes de consumir os poluentes presentes no resíduo. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial de biodegradabilidade de amostras de lixiviado de RSU em Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro, característico de Brasília, além de avaliar a utilização da respirometria como ferramenta para acompanhamento da biodegradação aeróbia de lixiviado de RSU e para identificação de solo contaminado por substância tóxica. Para a quantificação do CO2 produzido, foram utilizados Respirômetros de Bartha, que continham solução de KOH. Os experimentos respirométricos foram divididos em duas etapas: a primeira consistiu na utilização de amostras de solo contaminadas com lixiviado de RSU, e na segunda foram utilizadas amostras de solo contaminadas com lixiviado de RSU e substância tóxica (HgCl2). Cada teste contemplava três tratamentos, em triplicata. Em um dos tratamentos, foi inserido lixiviado bruto nas amostras de solo; em outro, lixiviado diluído com água destilada na proporção 1:1; e no tratamento controle, inseriu-se apenas água destilada. A quantidade de lixiviado ou água destilada inserida foi correspondente a 60% da Capacidade de Campo do solo utilizado, visando fornecer umidade aos microrganismos sem tornar o solo saturado e anaeróbio. Os resultados demonstraram que, ao final dos 50 dias de experimento com amostras de solo contaminadas com lixiviado de RSU, foi observada Produção Média Acumulada de CO2 (em mg/50 g de solo) de aproximadamente 181 nos respirômetros com lixiviado bruto; 173 nos respirômetros com lixiviado diluído; e 154 nos respirômetros controle. O valor de produção de CO2 obtido nos seis primeiros dias de monitoramento foi de cerca de 85% da produção máxima teórica de CO2 estimada com base na DBOU, o que indica atividade microbiana e demonstra o potencial dos microrganismos em tratar o solo estudado quando contaminado com o lixiviado de RSU analisado. Os resultados do Teste com amostras de solo contaminadas com lixiviado de RSU e substância tóxica, ao final do período de 41 dias de incubação, apresentaram Produção Média Acumulada de CO2 (em mg/50 g de solo) de aproximadamente 120 nos respirômetros controle; 99 nos respirômetros com lixiviado contaminado diluído; e 69 nos respirômetros com lixiviado contaminado bruto, indicando que os microrganismos do lixiviado de RSU provavelmente foram afetados pelo mercúrio inserido, o que dificultaria a aplicação de um processo de biorremediação em solos contaminados por lixiviado com alta toxicidade. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe large number of dumps abandoned and which will probably be disabled in the next future generates need for soils’ remediation, especially those contaminated with municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate. On the other hand, bioremediation is a technology to be implemented in contaminated areas, using microorganisms which are capable to consume pollutants present in the residue. In this context, the main objective of this research was to evaluate the potential degradation of MSW’s samples of leachate in Dark Red Latossoil - the most common in Brasilia’s region. Furthermore, the use of respirometry as a technique for monitoring the MSW’s aerobic leachate’s biodegradation and identification of soil contaminated by toxic substances was also investigated. Hence, the respirometric experiments were carried out in Bartha’s Respirometer and were divided into two stages: the former used soil samples contaminated by MSW’s leachate and the latter analyzed soil contaminated by MSW’s leachate added to toxic substance (HgCl2). Each test contemplated three treatments in triplicate: one used raw leachate in soil samples; the other held leachate diluted with distilled water in 1:1 ratio and, in the last one (control treatment), only distilled water was added. In all these experiments, the amount of leachate or distilled water inserted corresponded to 60% of the soils’ field capacity, in order to provide moisture to the microorganisms without making the soil saturated or anaerobic. The final results obtained showed that, by the end of 50th day in the experiment with soil’s samples contaminated only with MSW’s leachate, the average CO2’s accumulated production were - in milligrams per 50 grams of soil – about of 181 in Respirometers with raw leachate; 173 in Respirometers with diluted leachate and 154 in control Respirometers. Moreover, the CO2’s production obtained in the first of the six days of constant monitoring was approximately 85% of the maximum theoretical production – these estimated by the Ultimate BOD. Those results indicate that the most organic matter readily biodegradable was consumed very quickly and demonstrate the great microorganisms’ potential to promote bioremediation in areas contaminated with MSW’s leachate. Instead, the test samples containing soil contaminated by MSW’s leachate and toxic substance showed that, by the end of the 41-day-incubation-period, the CO2’s average accumulated production was – in milligrams per 50 grams of soil – about of 120 in control Respirometers, 99 in Respirometers contaminated with diluted leachate and 69 in Respirometers contaminated with raw leachate. These numbers indicate that MSW’s leachate microorganisms were probably affected by mercury added, which makes very difficult the application of bioremediation’s process for soils contaminated by leachate containing high toxicity
A Mignucci - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cardiac and behavioural responses to hypoxia and warming in free swimming gilthead seabream sparus aurata
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2021Co-Authors: A Mignucci, J Bourjea, F Forget, H Allal, Gilbert Dutto, Eric Gasset, David J MckenzieAbstract:Gilthead seabream were equipped with intraperitoneal biologging tags to investigate cardiac responses to hypoxia and warming, comparing when fish were either swimming freely in a tank with conspecifics or confined to individual Respirometers. After tag implantation under anaesthesia, heart rate (f(H)) required 60 h to recover to a stable value in a holding tank. Subsequently, when undisturbed under control conditions (normoxia, 21 degrees C), mean f(H) was always significantly lower in the tank than in the Respirometers. In progressive hypoxia (100% to 15% oxygen saturation), mean f(H) in the tank was significantly lower than in the Respirometers at oxygen levels down to 40%, with significant bradycardia in both holding conditions below this level. Simultaneous logging of tri-axial body acceleration revealed that spontaneous activity, inferred as the variance of external acceleration (VAR(m)), was low and invariant in hypoxia. Warming (21 to 31 degrees C) caused progressive tachycardia with no differences in f(H) between holding conditions. Mean VAR(m) was, however, significantly higher in the tank during warming, with a positive relationship between VAR(m) and f(H) across all temperatures. Therefore, spontaneous activity contributed to raising f(H) of fish in the tank during warming. Mean f(H) in Respirometers had a highly significant linear relationship with mean rates of oxygen uptake, considering data from hypoxia and warming together. The high f(H) of confined seabream indicates that respirometry techniques may bias estimates of metabolic traits in some fishes, and that biologging on free-swimming fish will provide more reliable insight into cardiac and behavioural responses to environmental stressors by fish in their natural environment.
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cardiac and behavioural responses to hypoxia and warming in free swimming gilthead seabream sparus aurata
bioRxiv, 2021Co-Authors: A Mignucci, J Bourjea, F Forget, H Allal, Gilbert Dutto, Eric Gasset, David J MckenzieAbstract:Cardiac and behavioural responses to hypoxia and warming were investigated in free-swimming gilthead seabream Sparus aurata equipped with biologging tags in the peritoneal cavity. After suitable recovery in a holding tank, heart rate (fH) and the variance of tri-axial body acceleration (VARm) were logged during exposure to stepwise progressive hypoxia or warming, comparing when either swimming in a tank or confined to individual Respirometer chambers. When undisturbed under control conditions (normoxia, 21 {degrees}C), mean fH was significantly lower in tank than Respirometers. In progressive hypoxia (100 - 15% oxygen saturation), mean fH in the tank was significantly lower than Respirometers at oxygen levels until 40%, with significant bradycardia in both holding conditions below this. Mean VARm was low and invariant in hypoxia. Warming (21 to 31 {degrees}C) caused progressive tachycardia with no differences in fH between holding conditions. Mean VARm was, however, significantly higher in the tank during warming, with a positive relationship between VARm and fH across all temperatures. Therefore, spontaneous activity contributed to raising fH of fish in the tank during warming. Mean fH in Respirometers had a highly significant linear relationship with mean rates of oxygen uptake, considering data from hypoxia and warming together. The high fH of confined S. aurata indicates that static respirometry techniques may bias estimates of metabolic traits in some fish species. Biologging on free-swimming fish revealed novel information about cardiac responses to environmental stressors, which may be closer to responses exhibited by fish in their natural environment. SUMMARY STATEMENTImplantable biologgers were used to provide the first measurements of cardiac responses to hypoxia and warming in a free-swimming fish, revealing that confinement in Respirometer chambers raises heart rate, with consequences for estimates of metabolic rates.
J Bourjea - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cardiac and behavioural responses to hypoxia and warming in free swimming gilthead seabream sparus aurata
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2021Co-Authors: A Mignucci, J Bourjea, F Forget, H Allal, Gilbert Dutto, Eric Gasset, David J MckenzieAbstract:Gilthead seabream were equipped with intraperitoneal biologging tags to investigate cardiac responses to hypoxia and warming, comparing when fish were either swimming freely in a tank with conspecifics or confined to individual Respirometers. After tag implantation under anaesthesia, heart rate (f(H)) required 60 h to recover to a stable value in a holding tank. Subsequently, when undisturbed under control conditions (normoxia, 21 degrees C), mean f(H) was always significantly lower in the tank than in the Respirometers. In progressive hypoxia (100% to 15% oxygen saturation), mean f(H) in the tank was significantly lower than in the Respirometers at oxygen levels down to 40%, with significant bradycardia in both holding conditions below this level. Simultaneous logging of tri-axial body acceleration revealed that spontaneous activity, inferred as the variance of external acceleration (VAR(m)), was low and invariant in hypoxia. Warming (21 to 31 degrees C) caused progressive tachycardia with no differences in f(H) between holding conditions. Mean VAR(m) was, however, significantly higher in the tank during warming, with a positive relationship between VAR(m) and f(H) across all temperatures. Therefore, spontaneous activity contributed to raising f(H) of fish in the tank during warming. Mean f(H) in Respirometers had a highly significant linear relationship with mean rates of oxygen uptake, considering data from hypoxia and warming together. The high f(H) of confined seabream indicates that respirometry techniques may bias estimates of metabolic traits in some fishes, and that biologging on free-swimming fish will provide more reliable insight into cardiac and behavioural responses to environmental stressors by fish in their natural environment.
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cardiac and behavioural responses to hypoxia and warming in free swimming gilthead seabream sparus aurata
bioRxiv, 2021Co-Authors: A Mignucci, J Bourjea, F Forget, H Allal, Gilbert Dutto, Eric Gasset, David J MckenzieAbstract:Cardiac and behavioural responses to hypoxia and warming were investigated in free-swimming gilthead seabream Sparus aurata equipped with biologging tags in the peritoneal cavity. After suitable recovery in a holding tank, heart rate (fH) and the variance of tri-axial body acceleration (VARm) were logged during exposure to stepwise progressive hypoxia or warming, comparing when either swimming in a tank or confined to individual Respirometer chambers. When undisturbed under control conditions (normoxia, 21 {degrees}C), mean fH was significantly lower in tank than Respirometers. In progressive hypoxia (100 - 15% oxygen saturation), mean fH in the tank was significantly lower than Respirometers at oxygen levels until 40%, with significant bradycardia in both holding conditions below this. Mean VARm was low and invariant in hypoxia. Warming (21 to 31 {degrees}C) caused progressive tachycardia with no differences in fH between holding conditions. Mean VARm was, however, significantly higher in the tank during warming, with a positive relationship between VARm and fH across all temperatures. Therefore, spontaneous activity contributed to raising fH of fish in the tank during warming. Mean fH in Respirometers had a highly significant linear relationship with mean rates of oxygen uptake, considering data from hypoxia and warming together. The high fH of confined S. aurata indicates that static respirometry techniques may bias estimates of metabolic traits in some fish species. Biologging on free-swimming fish revealed novel information about cardiac responses to environmental stressors, which may be closer to responses exhibited by fish in their natural environment. SUMMARY STATEMENTImplantable biologgers were used to provide the first measurements of cardiac responses to hypoxia and warming in a free-swimming fish, revealing that confinement in Respirometer chambers raises heart rate, with consequences for estimates of metabolic rates.
H Allal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cardiac and behavioural responses to hypoxia and warming in free swimming gilthead seabream sparus aurata
The Journal of Experimental Biology, 2021Co-Authors: A Mignucci, J Bourjea, F Forget, H Allal, Gilbert Dutto, Eric Gasset, David J MckenzieAbstract:Gilthead seabream were equipped with intraperitoneal biologging tags to investigate cardiac responses to hypoxia and warming, comparing when fish were either swimming freely in a tank with conspecifics or confined to individual Respirometers. After tag implantation under anaesthesia, heart rate (f(H)) required 60 h to recover to a stable value in a holding tank. Subsequently, when undisturbed under control conditions (normoxia, 21 degrees C), mean f(H) was always significantly lower in the tank than in the Respirometers. In progressive hypoxia (100% to 15% oxygen saturation), mean f(H) in the tank was significantly lower than in the Respirometers at oxygen levels down to 40%, with significant bradycardia in both holding conditions below this level. Simultaneous logging of tri-axial body acceleration revealed that spontaneous activity, inferred as the variance of external acceleration (VAR(m)), was low and invariant in hypoxia. Warming (21 to 31 degrees C) caused progressive tachycardia with no differences in f(H) between holding conditions. Mean VAR(m) was, however, significantly higher in the tank during warming, with a positive relationship between VAR(m) and f(H) across all temperatures. Therefore, spontaneous activity contributed to raising f(H) of fish in the tank during warming. Mean f(H) in Respirometers had a highly significant linear relationship with mean rates of oxygen uptake, considering data from hypoxia and warming together. The high f(H) of confined seabream indicates that respirometry techniques may bias estimates of metabolic traits in some fishes, and that biologging on free-swimming fish will provide more reliable insight into cardiac and behavioural responses to environmental stressors by fish in their natural environment.
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cardiac and behavioural responses to hypoxia and warming in free swimming gilthead seabream sparus aurata
bioRxiv, 2021Co-Authors: A Mignucci, J Bourjea, F Forget, H Allal, Gilbert Dutto, Eric Gasset, David J MckenzieAbstract:Cardiac and behavioural responses to hypoxia and warming were investigated in free-swimming gilthead seabream Sparus aurata equipped with biologging tags in the peritoneal cavity. After suitable recovery in a holding tank, heart rate (fH) and the variance of tri-axial body acceleration (VARm) were logged during exposure to stepwise progressive hypoxia or warming, comparing when either swimming in a tank or confined to individual Respirometer chambers. When undisturbed under control conditions (normoxia, 21 {degrees}C), mean fH was significantly lower in tank than Respirometers. In progressive hypoxia (100 - 15% oxygen saturation), mean fH in the tank was significantly lower than Respirometers at oxygen levels until 40%, with significant bradycardia in both holding conditions below this. Mean VARm was low and invariant in hypoxia. Warming (21 to 31 {degrees}C) caused progressive tachycardia with no differences in fH between holding conditions. Mean VARm was, however, significantly higher in the tank during warming, with a positive relationship between VARm and fH across all temperatures. Therefore, spontaneous activity contributed to raising fH of fish in the tank during warming. Mean fH in Respirometers had a highly significant linear relationship with mean rates of oxygen uptake, considering data from hypoxia and warming together. The high fH of confined S. aurata indicates that static respirometry techniques may bias estimates of metabolic traits in some fish species. Biologging on free-swimming fish revealed novel information about cardiac responses to environmental stressors, which may be closer to responses exhibited by fish in their natural environment. SUMMARY STATEMENTImplantable biologgers were used to provide the first measurements of cardiac responses to hypoxia and warming in a free-swimming fish, revealing that confinement in Respirometer chambers raises heart rate, with consequences for estimates of metabolic rates.
