The Experts below are selected from a list of 171 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Craig S Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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novel paramyxoviruses in australian flying fox populations support host virus co evolution
Journal of General Virology, 2015Co-Authors: Miranda E Vidgen, Carol De Jong, Hume Field, Karrie Rose, Jane Hall, Craig S SmithAbstract:Understanding the diversity of henipaviruses and related viruses is important in determining the viral ecology within flying-fox populations and assessing the potential threat posed by these agents. This study sought to identify the abundance and diversity of previously unknown paramyxoviruses (UPVs) in Australian flying-fox species (Pteropus alecto, Pteropus scapulatus, Pteropus poliocephalus and Pteropus conspicillatus) and in the Christmas Island species Pteropus melanotus natalis. Using a degenerative reverse transcription-PCR specific for the L gene of known species of the genus Henipavirus and two closely related paramyxovirus genera Respirovirus and Morbillivirus, we identified an abundance and diversity of previously UPVs, with a representative 31 UPVs clustering in eight distinct groups (100 UPVs/495 samples). No new henipaviruses were identified. The findings were consistent with a hypothesis of co-evolution of paramyxoviruses and their flying-fox hosts. Quantification of the degree of co-speciation between host and virus (beyond the scope of this study) would strengthen this hypothesis.
Karrie Rose - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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novel paramyxoviruses in australian flying fox populations support host virus co evolution
Journal of General Virology, 2015Co-Authors: Miranda E Vidgen, Carol De Jong, Hume Field, Karrie Rose, Jane Hall, Craig S SmithAbstract:Understanding the diversity of henipaviruses and related viruses is important in determining the viral ecology within flying-fox populations and assessing the potential threat posed by these agents. This study sought to identify the abundance and diversity of previously unknown paramyxoviruses (UPVs) in Australian flying-fox species (Pteropus alecto, Pteropus scapulatus, Pteropus poliocephalus and Pteropus conspicillatus) and in the Christmas Island species Pteropus melanotus natalis. Using a degenerative reverse transcription-PCR specific for the L gene of known species of the genus Henipavirus and two closely related paramyxovirus genera Respirovirus and Morbillivirus, we identified an abundance and diversity of previously UPVs, with a representative 31 UPVs clustering in eight distinct groups (100 UPVs/495 samples). No new henipaviruses were identified. The findings were consistent with a hypothesis of co-evolution of paramyxoviruses and their flying-fox hosts. Quantification of the degree of co-speciation between host and virus (beyond the scope of this study) would strengthen this hypothesis.
Jan Gorm Lisby - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Multicenter evaluation of the QIAstat Respiratory Panel—A new rapid highly multiplexed PCR based assay for diagnosis of acute respiratory tract infections
PLoS ONE, 2020Co-Authors: Marijo Parčina, Uffe Vest Schneider, Benoit Visseaux, Robert Jozić, Irene Hannet, Jan Gorm LisbyAbstract:Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI), including the common cold, pharyngitis, sinusitis, otitis media, bronchiolitis and pneumonia are the most common diagnoses among patients seeking medical care in western countries, and account for most antibiotic prescriptions. While a confirmed and fast ARTI diagnosis is key for antibiotic prescribing, empiric antimicrobial treatment remains common, because viral symptoms are often clinically similar and difficult to distinguish from those caused by bacteria. As a result, inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions are high and in certain settings likely higher than the commonly estimated 30%. The QIAstat Respiratory Panel® assay (QIAstat RP) is a multiplexed in vitro diagnostics test for the rapid simultaneous detection of 21 pathogens directly from respiratory samples, including human mastadenovirus A-G, primate bocaparvovirus 1+2, human coronavirus (HKU1, NL63, OC43, 229E), human metapneumovirus A/B, rhinovirus/enterovirus, influenza A virus (no subtype, subtype H1, H1N1/2009, H3), influenza B virus, human Respirovirus 1+3, human orthorubulavirus 2+4, human orthopneumovirus, Bordetella pertussis, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila. We describe the first multicenter study of 445 respiratory samples, collected through the 2016-2017 and 2018 respiratory seasons, with performance compared against BioFire FilmArray RP v1.7 and discrepancy testing by Seegene Allplex RP. The QIAstat RP demonstrated a positive percentage of agreement of 98.0% (95% CI: 96.0-99.1%) and a negative percentage agreement of 99.8% (95% CI: 99.6-99.9%). With use of this comprehensive and rapid test, improved patient outcomes and antimicrobial stewardship may potentially be achieved.
Kwok-yung Yuen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification and characterization of a novel paramyxovirus porcine parainfluenza virus 1 from deceased pigs
Journal of General Virology, 2013Co-Authors: Annette Y. P. Wong, Kwok-hung Chan, Hoi-wah Tsoi, Beatrice H. L. Wong, Kwok-yung YuenAbstract:We describe the discovery and characterization of a novel paramyxovirus, porcine parainfluenza virus 1 (PPIV-1), from swine. The virus was detected in 12 (3.1 %) of 386 nasopharyngeal and two (0.7 %) of 303 rectal swab samples from 386 deceased pigs by reverse transcription-PCR, with viral loads of up to 106 copies ml−1. Complete genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that PPIV-1 represented a novel paramyxovirus within the genus Respirovirus, being most closely related to human parainfluenza virus 1 (HPIV-1) and Sendai virus (SeV). In contrast to HPIV-1, PPIV-1 possessed a mRNA editing function in the phosphoprotein gene. Moreover, PPIV-1 was unique among Respiroviruses in having two G residues instead of three to five G residues following the A6 run at the editing site. Nevertheless, PPIV-1, HPIV-1 and SeV share common genomic features and may belong to a separate group within the genus Respirovirus. The presence of PPIV-1 in mainly respiratory samples suggests a possible association with respiratory disease, similar to HPIV-1 and SeV.
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complete genome sequence of a novel paramyxovirus tailam virus discovered in sikkim rats
Journal of Virology, 2011Co-Authors: Beatrice H. L. Wong, Annette Y. P. Wong, Rosana W S Poon, Kwok-yung YuenAbstract:Paramyxoviruses are nonsegmented negative-sense singlestranded RNA viruses divided into two subfamilies, Paramyxovirinae and Pneumovirinae. Paramyxovirinae is currently subdivided into five genera, namely, Avulavirus, Henipavirus, Morbillivirus, Respirovirus and Rubulavirus, with a few members remaining unclassified. In 2003, two putative “human cDNAs” were identified from an experiment screening for genes upregulated by angiotensin II, using a human kidney mesangial cell line (5). Sequence analysis revealed that they were homologous to the matrix, fusion, and phosphoprotein genes of paramyxoviruses, suggesting the possibility of a novel paramyxovirus (1, 6). Interestingly, it was also found that these sequences, thought to have originated from a human kidney mesangial cell line, were not amplifiable from such cell lines or human kidney samples, but were amplifiable from a rat kidney mesangial cell line (4). Isolation and complete genome sequencing of the virus confirmed that it was a novel paramyxovirus of the Paramyxovirinae subfamily, named Beilong virus (BeiPV), most closely related to J virus (JPV) discovered in kidney autoculture of moribund house mouse (2). BeiPV and JPV probably constitute a novel genus in Paramyxovirinae. During the process of a molecular epidemiology study in rodents for paramyxovirus, we discovered a novel paramyxovirus at the Tai Lam country park in Hong Kong, most closely related to, but significantly different from, BeiPV and JPV, in kidneys and spleens of Sikkim rats (Rattus andamanensis). We proposed this virus be named “Tailam virus” (TlmPV), and the complete genome of this virus (strain TL8K) was sequenced. The complete genome of TlmPV was amplified and sequenced using RNA extracted from the kidney of a Sikkim rat positive for TlmPV as a template with the EZ1 virus minikit (QIAgen, Germany). RNA was converted to cDNA by a combined random priming and oligo(dT) priming strategy. cDNA was amplified by degenerate primers designed by our published strategy (3). The 5 end of the viral genome was confirmed by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) using the SMARTer RACE cDNA amplification kit (Clontech). The genome size of TlmPV is 19,152 bases, with a GC content of 39.6%. Complementarity between the first and last 13 nucleotides in the genome is imperfect, with differences at nucleotides 4, 5, 12, and 13. The 3 leader and 5 trailer sequences are 55 and 28 nucleotides, respectively. The TlmPV genome has a conserved trinucleotide intergenic region sequence. It also conforms to the “rule of six” as in other paramyxovirus genomes, with hexamer phase pattern 2-3-4-33-4-4-4, similar to those of BeiPV (2-3-4-3-3-4-4-4), and JPV (2-3-4-3-4-1-4-4). Similar to BeiPV and JPV, the genome of TlmPV contains eight genes (3-N-P/V/C-M-F-SH-TM-G-L5). Pairwise alignment of the predicted gene products among TlmPV and other paramyxoviruses showed the highest amino acid identities with BeiPV and JPV, with the N, P/V/C(P), P/V/C(C), P/V/C(V), P/V/C(W), M, F, SH, TM, G, and L proteins of TlmPV having 85.8% and 51.0%, 75.2% and 44.2%, 75.6% and 38.3%, 75.3% and 43.4%, 72.5% and 40.9%, 94.4% and 80.1%, 88.3% and 68.7%, 85.5% and 23.8%, 59.1% and 33.8%, 59.2% and 33.0%, and 88.2% and 73.4% amino acid identities to BeiPV and JPV, respectively. Similar to BeiPV and JPV, the G gene of TlmPV is particularly large, almost twice of those in other paramyxoviruses. Nucleotide sequence accession number. The complete genome of Tailam virus strain TL8K has been sequenced and submitted to GenBank under accession no. JN689227.
Miranda E Vidgen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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novel paramyxoviruses in australian flying fox populations support host virus co evolution
Journal of General Virology, 2015Co-Authors: Miranda E Vidgen, Carol De Jong, Hume Field, Karrie Rose, Jane Hall, Craig S SmithAbstract:Understanding the diversity of henipaviruses and related viruses is important in determining the viral ecology within flying-fox populations and assessing the potential threat posed by these agents. This study sought to identify the abundance and diversity of previously unknown paramyxoviruses (UPVs) in Australian flying-fox species (Pteropus alecto, Pteropus scapulatus, Pteropus poliocephalus and Pteropus conspicillatus) and in the Christmas Island species Pteropus melanotus natalis. Using a degenerative reverse transcription-PCR specific for the L gene of known species of the genus Henipavirus and two closely related paramyxovirus genera Respirovirus and Morbillivirus, we identified an abundance and diversity of previously UPVs, with a representative 31 UPVs clustering in eight distinct groups (100 UPVs/495 samples). No new henipaviruses were identified. The findings were consistent with a hypothesis of co-evolution of paramyxoviruses and their flying-fox hosts. Quantification of the degree of co-speciation between host and virus (beyond the scope of this study) would strengthen this hypothesis.