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John R Crawford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the prospective and Retrospective Memory questionnaire prmq latent structure normative data and discrepancy analysis for proxy ratings
British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2006Co-Authors: John R Crawford, Julie D. Henry, Aileen L Ward, J R BlakeAbstract:Objectives. To evaluate the proxy-rating version of the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and provide norms and methods for score interpretation. Design. Cross-sectional and correlational. Methods. The PRMQ was administered to a large sample drawn from the general adult population (N = 570). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test competing models of its latent structure. Various psychometric methods were applied to provide clinicians with tools for score interpretation. Results. The CFA model with optimal fit specified a general Memory factor together with additional prospective and Retrospective factors. The reliabilities of the PRMQ were acceptable (.83 to.92), and demographic variables did not influence ratings. Tables are presented for conversion of raw scores on the Total scale and Prospective and Retrospective scales to T scores. In addition, tables are provided to allow users to assess the reliability and abnormality of differences between proxy ratings on the Prospective and Retrospective scales. Finally, tables are also provided to compare proxy-ratings with self-ratings (using data from the present sample and self-rating data from a previous study). Conclusions. The proxy-rating version of the PRMQ provides a useful measure of everyday Memory for use in clinical research and practice.
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The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ): latent structure, normative data and discrepancy analysis for proxy-ratings.
The British journal of clinical psychology, 2006Co-Authors: John R Crawford, Julie D. Henry, Aileen L Ward, John BlakeAbstract:To evaluate the proxy-rating version of the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and provide norms and methods for score interpretation. Cross-sectional and correlational. The PRMQ was administered to a large sample drawn from the general adult population (N=570). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test competing models of its latent structure. Various psychometric methods were applied to provide clinicians with tools for score interpretation. The CFA model with optimal fit specified a general Memory factor together with additional prospective and Retrospective factors. The reliabilities of the PRMQ were acceptable (.83 to .92), and demographic variables did not influence ratings. Tables are presented for conversion of raw scores on the Total scale and Prospective and Retrospective scales to T scores. In addition, tables are provided to allow users to assess the reliability and abnormality of differences between proxy ratings on the Prospective and Retrospective scales. Finally, tables are also provided to compare proxy-ratings with self-ratings (using data from the present sample and self-rating data from a previous study). The proxy-rating version of the PRMQ provides a useful measure of everyday Memory for use in clinical research and practice.
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a meta analytic review of prospective Memory and aging
Psychology and Aging, 2004Co-Authors: Julie D. Henry, Mairi S Macleod, Louise H Phillips, John R CrawfordAbstract:A meta-analysis of prospective Memory (PM) studies revealed that in laboratory settings younger participants outperform older participants on tests of both time- and event-based PM (rs .39 and .34, respectively). Event-based PM tasks that impose higher levels of controlled strategic demand are associated with significantly larger age effects than event-based PM tasks that are supported by relatively more automatic processes (rs .40 vs. .14, respectively). However, contrary to the prevailing view in the literature, Retrospective Memory as measured by free recall is associated with significantly greater age-related decline (r –.52) than PM, and older participants perform substantially better than their younger counterparts in naturalistic PM studies (rs .35 and .52 for event- and time-based PM, respectively). Much research on cognitive aging has focused on Retrospective Memory, or recollection of past events (for a review, see Light, 1991), and almost invariably it has been reported that substantial deficits in this aspect of cognition are associated with normal aging. However, interest has increasingly shifted to investigating prospective Memory (PM), that is, Memory for future intentions. Relative to Retrospective Memory, PM is believed to be more dependent on internal control mechanisms (Craik, 1983, 1986). This is because, according to Craik’s (1986) theoretical model, the act of recollection is dependent on reconstructing events in Memory, and it is suggested that this process must be guided either by external cues, or in their absence, self-initiated cues. In Retrospective Memory tasks explicit prompts to recall are provided by the experimenter, whereas in PM tasks the cue is not an explicit request for action, but instead it requires either interpretation of a cue or an internal impetus. It has often been argued that this requirement for self-initiated remembering means that PM tasks should be more susceptible to the effects of adult aging than Retrospective Memory tasks (e.g., Craik, 1986; Maylor, 1995; McDaniel & Einstein, 2000).
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the prospective and Retrospective Memory questionnaire prmq normative data and latent structure in a large non clinical sample
Memory, 2003Co-Authors: John R Crawford, Elizabeth A. Maylor, Geoff Smith, Sergio Della Sala, Robert H LogieAbstract:The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ; Smith, Della Sala, Logie, & Maylor, 2000) was developed to provide a self-report measure of prospective and Retrospective Memory slips in everyday life. It consists of sixteen items, eight asking about prospective Memory failures, and eight concerning Retrospective failures. The PRMQ was administered to a sample of the general adult population (N = 551) ranging in age between 17 and 94. Ten competing models of the latent structure of the PRMQ were derived from theoretical and empirical sources and were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The model with the best fit had a tripartite structure and consisted of a general Memory factor (all items loaded on this factor) plus orthogonal specific factors of prospective and Retrospective Memory. The reliabilities (internal consistency) of the Total scale and the Prospective and Retrospective scales were acceptable: Cronbach's alpha was 0.89, 0.84, and 0.80, respectively. Age and gender did not i...
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the prospective and Retrospective Memory questionnaire prmq normative data and latent structure in a large non clinical sample
Memory, 2003Co-Authors: John R Crawford, Elizabeth A. Maylor, Geoff Smith, Sergio Della Sala, Robert H LogieAbstract:The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ; Smith, Della Sala, Logie, & Maylor, 2000) was developed to provide a self-report measure of prospective and Retrospective Memory slips in everyday life. It consists of sixteen items, eight asking about prospective Memory failures, and eight concerning Retrospective failures. The PRMQ was administered to a sample of the general adult population (N = 551) ranging in age between 17 and 94. Ten competing models of the latent structure of the PRMQ were derived from theoretical and empirical sources and were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The model with the best fit had a tripartite structure and consisted of a general Memory factor (all items loaded on this factor) plus orthogonal specific factors of prospective and Retrospective Memory. The reliabilities (internal consistency) of the Total scale and the Prospective and Retrospective scales were acceptable: Cronbach's alpha was 0.89, 0.84, and 0.80, respectively. Age and gender did not influence PRMQ scores, thereby simplifying the presentation and interpretation of normative data. To ease interpretation of scores on the PRMQ, tables are presented for conversion of raw scores on the Total scale and Prospective and Retrospective scales to T scores (confidence limits on scores are also provided). In addition, tables are provided to allow users to assess the reliability and abnormality of differences between an individual's scores on the Prospective and Retrospective scales.
Julie D. Henry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prospective Memory in schizophrenia: The impact of varying Retrospective-Memory load
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 2008Co-Authors: Mareike Altgassen, Matthias Kliegel, Peter G. Rendell, Julie D. Henry, Jacqueline ZölligAbstract:The present study investigated event-based prospective Memory in individuals with schizophrenia (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 23). The Retrospective-Memory load was varied to disentangle the relative contributions of the Retrospective and prospective components on prospective-Memory functioning. A generalized prospective-Memory deficit in schizophrenia emerged, with significant impairment evident even when Retrospective-Memory demands were minimal. Exploratory analyses suggest that both the Retrospective and the prospective components contribute to the prospective-Memory deficit in schizophrenia.
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Prospective Memory in multiple sclerosis.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2007Co-Authors: Peter G. Rendell, Fiona Jensen, Julie D. HenryAbstract:There is considerable evidence that multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with impaired Retrospective Memory. However, although preliminary evidence suggests that prospective Memory is also affected by the disorder, the degree and nature of the impairment remains to be clarified. Twenty participants with MS were compared with 20 matched controls on Virtual Week, a measure of prospective Memory that closely represents the types of prospective Memory tasks that actually occur in everyday life, and provides an opportunity to investigate the different sorts of prospective Memory failures that occur. The results indicated that irrespective of the specific prospective Memory task demands, MS participants' performance was significantly impaired relative to controls. MS deficits could not be attributed to problems with Retrospective Memory because MS participants in the present study did not differ significantly from controls on measures of long- and short-term Memory, and significant impairment was observed on a prospective Memory task, which imposed only minimal demands on Retrospective Memory. These results therefore suggest that individuals with MS may experience general difficulties with prospective Memory. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
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the prospective and Retrospective Memory questionnaire prmq latent structure normative data and discrepancy analysis for proxy ratings
British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 2006Co-Authors: John R Crawford, Julie D. Henry, Aileen L Ward, J R BlakeAbstract:Objectives. To evaluate the proxy-rating version of the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and provide norms and methods for score interpretation. Design. Cross-sectional and correlational. Methods. The PRMQ was administered to a large sample drawn from the general adult population (N = 570). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test competing models of its latent structure. Various psychometric methods were applied to provide clinicians with tools for score interpretation. Results. The CFA model with optimal fit specified a general Memory factor together with additional prospective and Retrospective factors. The reliabilities of the PRMQ were acceptable (.83 to.92), and demographic variables did not influence ratings. Tables are presented for conversion of raw scores on the Total scale and Prospective and Retrospective scales to T scores. In addition, tables are provided to allow users to assess the reliability and abnormality of differences between proxy ratings on the Prospective and Retrospective scales. Finally, tables are also provided to compare proxy-ratings with self-ratings (using data from the present sample and self-rating data from a previous study). Conclusions. The proxy-rating version of the PRMQ provides a useful measure of everyday Memory for use in clinical research and practice.
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The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ): latent structure, normative data and discrepancy analysis for proxy-ratings.
The British journal of clinical psychology, 2006Co-Authors: John R Crawford, Julie D. Henry, Aileen L Ward, John BlakeAbstract:To evaluate the proxy-rating version of the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and provide norms and methods for score interpretation. Cross-sectional and correlational. The PRMQ was administered to a large sample drawn from the general adult population (N=570). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test competing models of its latent structure. Various psychometric methods were applied to provide clinicians with tools for score interpretation. The CFA model with optimal fit specified a general Memory factor together with additional prospective and Retrospective factors. The reliabilities of the PRMQ were acceptable (.83 to .92), and demographic variables did not influence ratings. Tables are presented for conversion of raw scores on the Total scale and Prospective and Retrospective scales to T scores. In addition, tables are provided to allow users to assess the reliability and abnormality of differences between proxy ratings on the Prospective and Retrospective scales. Finally, tables are also provided to compare proxy-ratings with self-ratings (using data from the present sample and self-rating data from a previous study). The proxy-rating version of the PRMQ provides a useful measure of everyday Memory for use in clinical research and practice.
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a meta analytic review of prospective Memory and aging
Psychology and Aging, 2004Co-Authors: Julie D. Henry, Mairi S Macleod, Louise H Phillips, John R CrawfordAbstract:A meta-analysis of prospective Memory (PM) studies revealed that in laboratory settings younger participants outperform older participants on tests of both time- and event-based PM (rs .39 and .34, respectively). Event-based PM tasks that impose higher levels of controlled strategic demand are associated with significantly larger age effects than event-based PM tasks that are supported by relatively more automatic processes (rs .40 vs. .14, respectively). However, contrary to the prevailing view in the literature, Retrospective Memory as measured by free recall is associated with significantly greater age-related decline (r –.52) than PM, and older participants perform substantially better than their younger counterparts in naturalistic PM studies (rs .35 and .52 for event- and time-based PM, respectively). Much research on cognitive aging has focused on Retrospective Memory, or recollection of past events (for a review, see Light, 1991), and almost invariably it has been reported that substantial deficits in this aspect of cognition are associated with normal aging. However, interest has increasingly shifted to investigating prospective Memory (PM), that is, Memory for future intentions. Relative to Retrospective Memory, PM is believed to be more dependent on internal control mechanisms (Craik, 1983, 1986). This is because, according to Craik’s (1986) theoretical model, the act of recollection is dependent on reconstructing events in Memory, and it is suggested that this process must be guided either by external cues, or in their absence, self-initiated cues. In Retrospective Memory tasks explicit prompts to recall are provided by the experimenter, whereas in PM tasks the cue is not an explicit request for action, but instead it requires either interpretation of a cue or an internal impetus. It has often been argued that this requirement for self-initiated remembering means that PM tasks should be more susceptible to the effects of adult aging than Retrospective Memory tasks (e.g., Craik, 1986; Maylor, 1995; McDaniel & Einstein, 2000).
Robert H Logie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A large-scale comparison of prospective and Retrospective Memory development from childhood to middle age.
Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006), 2010Co-Authors: Elizabeth A. Maylor, Robert H LogieAbstract:We present the first large-scale comparison of prospective Memory (PM) and Retrospective Memory (RM) from 8 to 50 years of age (N = 318,614). Participants in an Internet study were asked to remember to click on a smiley face (single-trial event-based PM test) and to indicate whether/where a picture had changed from study to test (single-trial RM test), in both cases after retention intervals filled with working-Memory tests and questionnaires. Both PM and RM improved during childhood; however, whereas maximal PM was reached by teenagers, with approximately linear decline through the 20s–40s, RM continued to improve through the 20s and 30s. On both tests, females outperformed males and achieved maximal success at earlier ages. Strikingly, 10–11-year-old girls performed significantly better than females in their late 20s on the PM test. The presence of the smiley face at encoding and temporal uncertainty (expecting it “later” rather than at the “end” of the test) both benefited PM; these effects decreased a...
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the prospective and Retrospective Memory questionnaire prmq normative data and latent structure in a large non clinical sample
Memory, 2003Co-Authors: John R Crawford, Elizabeth A. Maylor, Geoff Smith, Sergio Della Sala, Robert H LogieAbstract:The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ; Smith, Della Sala, Logie, & Maylor, 2000) was developed to provide a self-report measure of prospective and Retrospective Memory slips in everyday life. It consists of sixteen items, eight asking about prospective Memory failures, and eight concerning Retrospective failures. The PRMQ was administered to a sample of the general adult population (N = 551) ranging in age between 17 and 94. Ten competing models of the latent structure of the PRMQ were derived from theoretical and empirical sources and were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The model with the best fit had a tripartite structure and consisted of a general Memory factor (all items loaded on this factor) plus orthogonal specific factors of prospective and Retrospective Memory. The reliabilities (internal consistency) of the Total scale and the Prospective and Retrospective scales were acceptable: Cronbach's alpha was 0.89, 0.84, and 0.80, respectively. Age and gender did not influence PRMQ scores, thereby simplifying the presentation and interpretation of normative data. To ease interpretation of scores on the PRMQ, tables are presented for conversion of raw scores on the Total scale and Prospective and Retrospective scales to T scores (confidence limits on scores are also provided). In addition, tables are provided to allow users to assess the reliability and abnormality of differences between an individual's scores on the Prospective and Retrospective scales.
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the prospective and Retrospective Memory questionnaire prmq normative data and latent structure in a large non clinical sample
Memory, 2003Co-Authors: John R Crawford, Elizabeth A. Maylor, Geoff Smith, Sergio Della Sala, Robert H LogieAbstract:The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ; Smith, Della Sala, Logie, & Maylor, 2000) was developed to provide a self-report measure of prospective and Retrospective Memory slips in everyday life. It consists of sixteen items, eight asking about prospective Memory failures, and eight concerning Retrospective failures. The PRMQ was administered to a sample of the general adult population (N = 551) ranging in age between 17 and 94. Ten competing models of the latent structure of the PRMQ were derived from theoretical and empirical sources and were tested using confirmatory factor analysis. The model with the best fit had a tripartite structure and consisted of a general Memory factor (all items loaded on this factor) plus orthogonal specific factors of prospective and Retrospective Memory. The reliabilities (internal consistency) of the Total scale and the Prospective and Retrospective scales were acceptable: Cronbach's alpha was 0.89, 0.84, and 0.80, respectively. Age and gender did not i...
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prospective and Retrospective Memory in normal aging and dementia an experimental study
Memory & Cognition, 2002Co-Authors: Elizabeth A. Maylor, Geoff Smith, Sergio Della Sala, Robert H LogieAbstract:Two experiments investigated the effects of normal aging and dementia on laboratory—based prospective Memory (PM) tasks. Participants viewed a film for a later recognition Memory task. In Experiment 1, they were also required either to say “animal” when an animal appeared in the film (event—based PM task) or to stop a clock every 3 min (time-based PM task). In both tasks, young participants were more successful than older participants, who were, in turn, more successful than patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). For successful remembering in the time—based task, older participants and AD patients checked the clock more often than did young participants. In Experiment 2, participants were asked to reset a clock either when an animal appeared in the film (unrelated cue—action) or when a clock appeared in the film (related cue—action). Responses were faster in the related condition than in the unrelated condition. Again, there were differences in PM performance between young and older participants, and between older participants and AD patients. The observed deficits were not due to the forgetting of the PM task instructions in either experiment. Retrospective Memory (RM) tasks (digit span, sentence span, free recall, and recognition) were more impaired by AD than were the PM tasks. Factor analysis revealed separate factors corresponding to RM and PM.
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prospective and Retrospective Memory in normal ageing and dementia a questionnaire study
Memory, 2000Co-Authors: Geoff Smith, Sergiola Del Sala, Robert H Logie, Elizabeth A. MaylorAbstract:Frequency of prospective Memory and Retrospective Memory failures was rated on a 16-item questionnaire by 862 volunteers, from five groups: patients with Alzheimer Disease (rated by carers), carers of Alzheimer Disease patients, elderly, young, and a group of married couples. Reported Memory failures were highest for Alzheimer Disease patients, and lowest for carers, with elderly and young controls in between. More prospective Memory than Retrospective Memory failures were reported in all groups, although the difference was small for Alzheimer Disease patients who were rated near ceiling for both. Prospective Memory failures of Alzheimer Disease patients were reported as more frustrating for carers than Retrospective Memory failures; prospective Memory and Retrospective Memory failures frustrated Alzheimer Disease patients equally. Data from the couples indicated that there were no biases resulting from rating on behalf of someone else. These results suggest that: (1) normal ageing has no greater effect on self-reported Retrospective Memory than prospective Memory failures, (2) the relatively small number of Memory failures reported by carers may result from comparing themselves with the Alzheimer Disease patients in their care, and (3) prospective Memory failures have a greater impact on the lives of the carers and are therefore more likely to be reported as early indicants of the disease.
Peter G. Rendell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prospective Memory in adults with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders: exploring effects of implementation intentions and Retrospective Memory load.
Research in developmental disabilities, 2014Co-Authors: Anett Kretschmer, Peter G. Rendell, Mareike Altgassen, Sven BölteAbstract:This study examined, for the first time, the impact of implementation intentions on prospective Memory (PM) performance in adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and further explored the role of Retrospective Memory for PM in ASD. PM was assessed with Virtual Week, a computerized game simulating upcoming everyday-life tasks. Twenty-seven adults with ASD and 27 age- and ability-matched controls were included. Half of the participants were instructed to form implementation intentions (i.e., encoding PM tasks in form of if-then statements), while the rest received simple PM instructions. Results provide first tentative evidence for beneficial effects of implementation intentions and PM tasks with low demands on Retrospective Memory for adults with ASD's PM. Overall, results point to the importance of planning and Retrospective Memory for successful prospective remembering in ASD.
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Prospective Memory in Parkinson disease during a virtual week: effects of both prospective and Retrospective demands.
Neuropsychology, 2013Co-Authors: Erin R. Foster, Mark A. Mcdaniel, Nathan S. Rose, Peter G. RendellAbstract:OBJECTIVE This study investigated the effect of Parkinson's disease (PD) on event-based prospective Memory tasks with varying demand on (1) the amount of strategic attentional monitoring required for intention retrieval (prospective component), and (2) the Retrospective Memory processes required to remember the contents of the intention or the entire constellation of prospective Memory tasks. METHOD Twenty-four older adults with PD and 28 healthy older adults performed the computerized Virtual Week task, a multi-intention prospective Memory paradigm that simulates everyday prospective Memory tasks. The Virtual Week included regular (low Retrospective Memory demand) and irregular (high Retrospective Memory demand) prospective Memory tasks with cues that were focal (low strategic monitoring demand) or less focal (high strategic monitoring demand) to the ongoing activity. RESULTS For the regular prospective Memory tasks, PD participants were impaired when the prospective Memory cues were less focal. For the irregular prospective Memory tasks, PD participants were impaired regardless of prospective Memory cue type. PD participants also had impaired Retrospective Memory for irregular tasks, which was associated with worse prospective Memory for these tasks during the Virtual Week. CONCLUSIONS When Retrospective Memory demands are minimized, prospective Memory in PD can be supported by cues that reduce the executive control demands of intention retrieval. However, PD-related deficits in self-initiated encoding or planning processes have strong negative effects on the performance of prospective Memory tasks, with increased Retrospective Memory demand.
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Reliability and validity of the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) in young and old people: A Japanese study
Japanese Psychological Research, 2010Co-Authors: Yasuyuki Gondo, Nozomi Renge, Yoshiko Ishioka, Ikuyo Kurokawa, Daisuke Ueno, Peter G. RendellAbstract:The higher performance of older people in prospective Memory (PM) tasks in a naturalistic setting rather than in a laboratory setting is well known in cognitive aging research and is called the “age prospective Memory paradox”. The mechanism of the paradox is poorly understood. To clarify this complex phenomenon, testing of the contribution of candidate variables that may influence PM performance in older adults is needed. To identify possible variables, this study used the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ; Smith, Della Sala, Logie, & Maylor, 2000) which was developed to evaluate PM and Retrospective Memory (RM) failure in daily life. In this large-sample survey study (n = 2610) we verified the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the PRMQ in young (n = 459), young-old (n = 1291) and old-old (n = 860) people. First, we found high reliability for both the PM and RM dimensions of the PRMQ in all age groups. Second, the validity was confirmed not by the simple score on PM items but with a subtraction score (PM score minus RM score). In addition, our results also provide knowledge of how personality and lifestyle relate to self-rated Memory failures.
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Prospective Memory in schizophrenia: The impact of varying Retrospective-Memory load
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 2008Co-Authors: Mareike Altgassen, Matthias Kliegel, Peter G. Rendell, Julie D. Henry, Jacqueline ZölligAbstract:The present study investigated event-based prospective Memory in individuals with schizophrenia (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 23). The Retrospective-Memory load was varied to disentangle the relative contributions of the Retrospective and prospective components on prospective-Memory functioning. A generalized prospective-Memory deficit in schizophrenia emerged, with significant impairment evident even when Retrospective-Memory demands were minimal. Exploratory analyses suggest that both the Retrospective and the prospective components contribute to the prospective-Memory deficit in schizophrenia.
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Prospective Memory in multiple sclerosis.
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2007Co-Authors: Peter G. Rendell, Fiona Jensen, Julie D. HenryAbstract:There is considerable evidence that multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with impaired Retrospective Memory. However, although preliminary evidence suggests that prospective Memory is also affected by the disorder, the degree and nature of the impairment remains to be clarified. Twenty participants with MS were compared with 20 matched controls on Virtual Week, a measure of prospective Memory that closely represents the types of prospective Memory tasks that actually occur in everyday life, and provides an opportunity to investigate the different sorts of prospective Memory failures that occur. The results indicated that irrespective of the specific prospective Memory task demands, MS participants' performance was significantly impaired relative to controls. MS deficits could not be attributed to problems with Retrospective Memory because MS participants in the present study did not differ significantly from controls on measures of long- and short-term Memory, and significant impairment was observed on a prospective Memory task, which imposed only minimal demands on Retrospective Memory. These results therefore suggest that individuals with MS may experience general difficulties with prospective Memory. The practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Matthias Kliegel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Prospective and Retrospective Memory are differentially related to self-rated omission and commission errors in medication adherence in multimorbidity.
Applied neuropsychology. Adult, 2016Co-Authors: Andreas Ihle, Jennifer Inauen, Urte Scholz, Claudia König, Barbara M. Holzer, Lukas Zimmerli, Edouard Battegay, Robert Tobias, Matthias KliegelAbstract:ABSTRACTWe investigated the relations of self-rated omission errors (i.e., forgetting to take one’s medication) and commission errors (i.e., unnecessary repetitions of medication intake because of forgetting that it has already been taken) in medication adherence in multimorbidity to prospective and Retrospective Memory performance. Moreover, we examined whether these relations were moderated by the number of medications that had to be taken. Eighty-four patients with multimorbidity (aged 28–84 years, M = 62.4) reported medication adherence regarding the last seven days and the number of medications they had to take. In addition, we administered psychometric tests on prospective Memory (PM) and Retrospective Memory performance. We found that reported omission errors in medication adherence were related significantly to lower PM performance. This relationship was increased in individuals with a lower number of medications. In comparison, reported commission errors in medication adherence were related signi...
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Prospective Memory Impairment in Children with Prenatal Alcohol Exposure.
Alcoholism clinical and experimental research, 2016Co-Authors: Catherine E. Lewis, Matthias Kliegel, Kevin G. F. Thomas, Christopher D. Molteno, Ernesta M. Meintjes, Joseph L. Jacobson, Sandra W. JacobsonAbstract:Background Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is linked to impaired performance on tests of Retrospective Memory, but prospective Memory (PM; the ability to remember and act on delayed intentions) has not been examined in alcohol-exposed children. We investigated event-based PM in children with heavy PAE and the degree to which associations between PAE and PM are influenced by IQ, executive functioning (EF), Retrospective Memory, and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods We administered a computerized PM task to 89 children (Mage = 11.1 years) whose mothers were recruited prenatally: 29 with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) or partial FAS (PFAS), 32 nonsyndromal heavily exposed (HE), and 28 Controls. We examined effects of diagnostic group, cue focality, and task difficulty on PM performance. The association between a continuous measure of alcohol exposure and PM performance was also examined after controlling for sociodemographic confounders. Mediation of alcohol effects on PM by IQ, EF, and Retrospective Memory scores was assessed as was the effect of ADHD on PM performance. Results Children with FAS/PFAS made more PM errors than either HE or Control children. PAE was negatively related to PM performance even after adjusting for sociodemographic confounders, EF, and Retrospective Memory. This relation was only partially mediated by IQ. PAE was related to ADHD, but ADHD was not related to PM performance. Conclusions Fetal alcohol-related impairment in event-based PM was seen in children with FAS/PFAS. The effect of PAE on PM was not attributable to impaired EF and Retrospective Memory and was not solely attributable to lower IQ. Consistent with previous studies, we found no effect of ADHD on event-based PM performance at this age. This is the first study documenting PM impairment in children with heavy PAE and identifies a new domain of impairment warranting attention in diagnosis and management of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
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The factorial structure and external validity of the prospective and Retrospective Memory questionnaire in older adults
European journal of ageing, 2011Co-Authors: Daniel Zimprich, Matthias Kliegel, Philippe RastAbstract:The factorial structure of the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) was investigated in a sample of 336 older adults (aged 66–81 years). Confirmatory factor analyses showed that a bifactor model of two correlated factors of prospective and Retrospective Memory problems and two uncorrelated group factors of positively and negatively worded items had the best fit. Such a model can be seen as a multitrait-multi-method model that separates the substantive and methodological components among the items of the PRMQ. Correlations of the four factors with external criteria (affect, neuroticism, prospective, and Retrospective Memory performance) revealed that the item wording factors mainly correlate with the affect variables, whereas the prospective and Retrospective Memory problem factors were differentially associated with Memory performance. As a conceptual conclusion, these differential correlations give support to the discriminant validity of subjective prospective versus Retrospective Memory problems.
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Prospective and Retrospective Memory Complaints in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer's Disease
Brain Impairment, 2009Co-Authors: Anne Eschen, Mike Martin, Ursula Schreiter Gasser, Matthias KliegelAbstract:Current management attempts for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) focus on the identification of individuals in the preclinical stage. This has led to the development of the diagnostic concept of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), which applies to individuals with declining cognitive abilities but largely preserved everyday functioning. Previous findings indicate that prospective Memory deficits are a sensitive marker of preclinical AD and that awareness of prospective Memory failures is particularly high, based on its dependence on executive functions. Thus, the goal of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of subjective prospective versus Retrospective Memory complaints for an initial screening for MCI and their respective associations with executive functions. 71 healthy older adults, 27 MCI patients, and 9 patients with mild AD completed the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ) and three executive functions tests. The healthy and the MCI group could not be distinguished by their level of subjective prospective or Retrospective Memory complaints, but the mild AD patients differed from the other groups by complaining more about Retrospective than prospective Memory failures. For the healthy older adults, the prospective Memory complaints were correlated to an inhibition test, whereas they did not correlate with any of the executive function tests in the MCI patients. In contrast, in both groups the Retrospective Memory complaints were related to a task switching test. The findings are discussed with respect to differences between the three groups in cognitive abilities, attention to failures of, use of mnemonic aids for, and everyday demands of prospective and Retrospective Memory.
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Prospective Memory in schizophrenia: The impact of varying Retrospective-Memory load
Journal of clinical and experimental neuropsychology, 2008Co-Authors: Mareike Altgassen, Matthias Kliegel, Peter G. Rendell, Julie D. Henry, Jacqueline ZölligAbstract:The present study investigated event-based prospective Memory in individuals with schizophrenia (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 23). The Retrospective-Memory load was varied to disentangle the relative contributions of the Retrospective and prospective components on prospective-Memory functioning. A generalized prospective-Memory deficit in schizophrenia emerged, with significant impairment evident even when Retrospective-Memory demands were minimal. Exploratory analyses suggest that both the Retrospective and the prospective components contribute to the prospective-Memory deficit in schizophrenia.
