Rhinolophus

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Stephen J. Rossiter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Jiang Feng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Complete mitochondrial genomes of two subspecies (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum tragatus) of the greater horseshoe bat (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae).
    Mitochondrial DNA Part A, 2015
    Co-Authors: Yanhong Xiao, Keping Sun, Jiang Feng
    Abstract:

    Rhinolophus ferrumequinum nippon and Rhinolophus ferrumequinum tragatus are two subspecies of Rhinolophus ferrumequinum currently recognized in China. In this study, their mitochondrial genomes were completely sequenced and annotated. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that R. f. nippon has a close relationship with two subspecies of R. ferrumequinum from Korea with 0.1% divergence, which indicated they are synonyms.

  • Characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome of the Rhinolophus sinicus sinicus (Chiroptera: Rhinolophidae) from Central China.
    Mitochondrial DNA Part A, 2015
    Co-Authors: Lifen Xie, Keping Sun, Jiang Feng
    Abstract:

    We present a complete mitochondrial genome sequence of Rhinolophus sinicus sinicus from Central China and provide its annotation, as well as showed the phylogenetic relationship and mitogenomic variation with other published mitochondrial genomes of congeneric bat species. Our results revealed a relatively high mitogenomic variation between two R. s. sinucus from Central and East China, which is similar to interspecific divergence level.

  • Complete mitochondrial genome of the big-eared horseshoe bat Rhinolophus macrotis (Chiroptera, Rhinolophidae).
    Mitochondrial DNA Part A, 2015
    Co-Authors: Lin Zhang, Keping Sun, Jiang Feng
    Abstract:

    We sequenced and characterized the complete mitochondrial genome of the big-eared horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus macrotis. Total length of the mitogenome is 16,848 bp, with a base composition of 31.2% A, 25.3% T, 28.8% C and 14.7% G. The mitogenome consists of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA (12S and 16S rRNA) genes, 22 tRNA genes and 1 control region. It has the same gene arrangement pattern as those of typical vertebrate mitochondrial genome. The results will contribute to our understanding of the taxonomic status and evolution in the genus Rhinolophus bats.

  • Coexistence of Rhinolophus affinis and Rhinolophus pearsoni revisited
    Acta Theriologica, 2012
    Co-Authors: Tinglei Jiang, Keping Sun, Jinhong Luo, Jiang Feng
    Abstract:

    The investigation of mechanism of species coexistence promotes understanding of the mechanistic processes behind community ecology and ecosystem functions. Niche theory declares that species coexistence within a community must partition the resources of their environment. Two sympatric and morphologically similar bat species, Rhinolophus affinis and Rhinolophus pearsoni, provided a unique opportunity to test the causal mechanism of coexistence. Previous study showed that their coexistence was promoted not by the trophic and spatial niche differentiation but the relatively high abundance of prey resources, which was not in accord with the prediction of niche theory. Here, therefore, we reanalyzed the dietary composition by fecal analysis and surveyed the feeding time of both species. Our results showed that R. affinis and R. pearsoni hunt mainly mostly on Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, and there was a very high overlap (0.84) of trophic niche between the two species. However, significant difference in the duration of the activity period between both species was detected, which illustrated that temporal partitioning of prey resource use facilitated their coexistence. Additionally, our work highlighted the importance of integration of the traditional methods and next-generation sequencing methods for identifying dietary composition of carnivores, and suggested that ongoing studies of species coexistence must consider simultaneously multiple niche axes.

  • Coexistence of two sympatric and morphologically similar bat species Rhinolophus affinis and Rhinolophus pearsoni
    Progress in Natural Science, 2008
    Co-Authors: Tinglei Jiang, Keping Sun, Jiang Feng, Jing Wang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Ecologists have long focused on the coexistence of sympatric species. Here, we investigated two horseshoe bat species, Rhinolophus affinis and Rhinolophus pearsoni inhabited in the same cave, for their foraging strategies, niche differentiation, prey selection, and their coexistence status. These two species of horseshoe bats were different in the dominant frequency of their echolocation calls, but similar in their morphology. We found evidence for prey selectivity although there was a high degree of overlap in prey categories and sizes. R. affinis and R. pearsoni foraged on 16 and 7 categories insects, respectively, with Pyralidae, Geometridae, Melolonthidae dominating their diets. The degree of trophic niche overlap was 0.69. Pairwise comparisons suggested that there was no obvious differentiation in prey categories and size. However, high prey availability in the environment (Simpson diversity index = 0.79 and Margalef richness index = 4.12) contributed to their coexistence by dampening the interspecific competition. Since there are one or more mechanisms facilitating species coexistence in a community, our results suggest that the spatial niche differentiation in foraging microhabitats and in foraging habitats at landscape scale may promote the coexistence of the two bat species. However, additional field data are needed to confirm this speculation.

Chris G. Faulkes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

J. Zukal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Activity and shelter selection by Myotis myotis and Rhinolophus hipposideros hibernating in the Kateřinská cave (Czech Republic)
    Mammalian Biology, 2005
    Co-Authors: J. Zukal, Hana Berková, Z. Řehák
    Abstract:

    In 1992–1993 wurden die in der Kateřinská Höhle überwinternden Individuen von Myotis myotis und Rhinolophus hipposideros untersucht. Die Untersuchung bestand aus einer regelmäßigen Zählung, bei der die Tiere nicht berührt bzw. markiert wurden. Es wurden drei grundlegende Parameter ihrer Hangplätze aufgenommen (Lage innerhalb der Höhle, Typ und relative Höhe). Insgesamt wurden im Laufe von 26 Kontrollgängen 1141 Einzelbeobachtungen von neun Fledermausarten erfaßt. Bewegungstätigkeit, ausgedrückt als prozentueller Anteil der Neufunde während eines bestimmten Kontrollgangs, wurde während der gesamten Wintersaison registriert. Ihr Niveau schwankte unterschiedlich, wobei die Überwinterungsperiode von R. hipposideros in drei unterschiedliche Abschnitte aufgeteilt werden konnte, während das Niveau der Bewegungsaktivität von M. myotis im Verlauf der Saison ständig relativ hoch blieb. Die Ruheplatzwahl von R. hipposideros war unabhängig von dem Höhlenteil in dem die Fledermäuse überwinterten und unterlag im Saisonverlauf keinen Änderungen. Überwinternde Exemplare von R. hipposideros nutzten vor allem exponierte Plätze an denen sie immer frei hingen. Myotis myotis wurde an allen Hangplatztypen bis auf einen festgestellt. Rhinolophus hipposideros nutzte vor allem den mittleren Höhlenteil in einer Entfernung von 121 bis 180 m vom Höhleneingang. Von M. myotis wurde ein kurzer Abschnitt des Höhlenganges (zwischen 21 und 30 m), d.h. nahe dem Eingang, am meisten bevorzugt. Rhinolophus hipposideros ist eine hochspezialisierte Art, welche Höhlenteile mit sehr stabilen mikroklimatischen Bedingungen bevorzugt, während M. myotis den erfaßten Parametern gegenüber als völlig indifferent erscheint. In 1992–1993, the bat species Myotis myotis and Rhinolophus hipposideros hibernating in the Kateřinská cave were investigated by means of regular censuses without any handling and marking of the animals. Three basic parameters of their shelters were recorded (position in cave, type and relative height). In total, during 26 checks we registered 1141 findings of nine bat species. Movement activity, expressed as percentage of new findings during a particular visit, was registered during the whole winter season. Its level fluctuated in different ways and the hibernation period of R. hipposideros could be divided into three different parts, while the level of M. myotis movement activity was relatively high during all season. The shelter selection of R. hipposideros was not dependent on the part of cave where the bats were hibernating, and it did not change during the season. Hibernating specimens of R. hipposideros most frequently used exposed places, in which they were always hanging free. Myotis myotis was registered in all types of shelter with one exception. Rhinolophus hipposideros used mainly the middle part of the cave at a distance between 121 and 180 m from the entrance. The most preferred part of the cave by M. myotis was a small segment of Corridor (between 21 and 30 m), i.e., the entrance part of the cave. Rhinolophus hipposideros is a highly specialized species which prefers parts of the cave with very stable microclimatic conditions and, on the contrary, M. myotis appears to be indifferent to all parameters studied, and it uses the shelters indiscriminately.

  • Activity and shelter selection by Myotis myotis and Rhinolophus hipposideros hibernating in the Kateřinská cave (Czech Republic)
    Mammalian Biology, 2005
    Co-Authors: J. Zukal, Hana Berková, Z. Řehák
    Abstract:

    Abstract In 1992–1993, the bat species Myotis myotis and Rhinolophus hipposideros hibernating in the Kateřinska cave were investigated by means of regular censuses without any handling and marking of the animals. Three basic parameters of their shelters were recorded (position in cave, type and relative height). In total, during 26 checks we registered 1141 findings of nine bat species. Movement activity, expressed as percentage of new findings during a particular visit, was registered during the whole winter season. Its level fluctuated in different ways and the hibernation period of R. hipposideros could be divided into three different parts, while the level of M. myotis movement activity was relatively high during all season. The shelter selection of R. hipposideros was not dependent on the part of cave where the bats were hibernating, and it did not change during the season. Hibernating specimens of R. hipposideros most frequently used exposed places, in which they were always hanging free. Myotis myotis was registered in all types of shelter with one exception. Rhinolophus hipposideros used mainly the middle part of the cave at a distance between 121 and 180 m from the entrance. The most preferred part of the cave by M. myotis was a small segment of Corridor (between 21 and 30 m), i.e., the entrance part of the cave. Rhinolophus hipposideros is a highly specialized species which prefers parts of the cave with very stable microclimatic conditions and, on the contrary, M. myotis appears to be indifferent to all parameters studied, and it uses the shelters indiscriminately.

  • Activity and shelter selection by Myotis myotis and Rhinolophus hipposideros hibernating in the Katerinska
    2005
    Co-Authors: J. Zukal
    Abstract:

    In 1992-1993, the bat species Myotis myotis and Rhinolophus hipposideros hibernating in the Kateryinskacave were investigated by means of regular censuses without any handling and marking of the animals. Three basic parameters of their shelters were recorded (position in cave, type and relative height). In total, during 26 checks we registered 1141 findings of nine bat species. Movement activity, expressed as percentage of new findings during a particular visit, was registered during the whole winter season. Its level fluctuated in different ways and the hibernation period of R. hipposideros could be divided into three different parts, while the level of M. myotis movement activity was relatively high during all season. The shelter selection of R. hipposideros was not dependent on the part of cave where the bats were hibernating, and it did not change during the season. Hibernating specimens of R. hipposideros most frequently used exposed places, in which they were always hanging free. Myotis myotis was registered in all types of shelter with one exception. Rhinolophus hipposideros used mainly the middle part of the cave at a distance between 121 and 180 m from the entrance. The most preferred part of the cave by M. myotis was a small segment of Corridor (between 21 and 30 m), i.e., the entrance part of the cave. Rhinolophus hipposideros is a highly specialized species which prefers parts of the cave with very stable microclimatic conditions and, on the contrary, M. myotis appears to be indifferent to all parameters studied, and it uses the shelters indiscriminately. r 2005 Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Saugetierkunde. Published by Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Xiuguang Mao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Repetitive transpositions of mitochondrial DNA sequences to the nucleus during the radiation of horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus, Chiroptera)
    Gene, 2016
    Co-Authors: Huizhen Shi, Shuyi Zhang, Ji Dong, David M. Irwin, Xiuguang Mao
    Abstract:

    Transposition of mitochondrial DNA into the nucleus, which gives rise to nuclear mitochondrial DNAs (NUMTs), has been well documented in eukaryotes. However, very few studies have assessed the frequency of these transpositions during the evolutionary history of a specific taxonomic group. Here we used the horseshoe bats (Rhinolophus) as a case study to determine the frequency and relative timing of nuclear transfers of mitochondrial control region sequences. For this, phylogenetic and coalescent analyzes were performed on NUMTs and authentic mtDNA sequences generated from eight horseshoe bat species. Our results suggest at least three independent transpositions, including two ancient and one more recent, during the evolutionary history of Rhinolophus. The two ancient transpositions are represented by the NUMT-1 and -2 clades, with each clade consisting of NUMTs from almost all studied species but originating from different portions of the mtDNA genome. Furthermore, estimates of the most recent common ancestor for each clade corresponded to the time of the initial diversification of this genus. The recent transposition is represented by NUMT-3, which was discovered only in a specific subgroup of Rhinolophus and exhibited a close relationship to its mitochondrial counterpart. Our similarity searches of mtDNA in the R. ferrumequinum genome confirmed the presence of NUMT-1 and NUMT-2 clade sequences and, for the first time, assessed the extent of NUMTs in a bat genome. To our knowledge, this is the first study to report on the frequency of transpositions of mtDNA occurring before the common ancestry of a genus.

  • The complete mitochondrial genome of the Thomas’s horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus thomasi) using next-generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing
    Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 2016
    Co-Authors: Yutong Xing, Xiuguang Mao
    Abstract:

    The Thomas’s horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus thomasi) is restricted to southeast Asia and few studies have been conducted on this species. Here we characterized the complete mitochondrial genome of R. t...

  • Karyotype evolution in Rhinolophus bats (Rhinolophidae, Chiroptera) illuminated by cross-species chromosome painting and G-banding comparison.
    Chromosome Research, 2007
    Co-Authors: Xiuguang Mao, Wenhui Nie, Jinhuan Wang, Qing Feng, Yingxiang Wang, Marianne Volleth, Fengtang Yang
    Abstract:

    Rhinolophus (Rhinolophidae) is the second most speciose genus in Chiroptera and has extensively diversified diploid chromosome numbers (from 2n = 28 to 62). In spite of many attempts to explore the karyotypic evolution of this genus, most studies have been based on conventional Giemsa staining rather than G-banding. Here we have made a whole set of chromosome-specific painting probes from flow-sorted chromosomes of Aselliscus stoliczkanus (Hipposideridae). These probes have been utilized to establish the first genome-wide homology maps among six Rhinolophus species with four different diploid chromosome numbers (2n = 36, 44, 58, and 62) and three species from other families: Rousettus leschenaulti (2n = 36, Pteropodidae), Hipposideros larvatus (2n = 32, Hipposideridae), and Myotis altarium (2n = 44, Vespertilionidae) by fluorescence in situ hybridization. To facilitate integration with published maps, human paints were also hybridized to A. stoliczkanus chromosomes. Our painting results substantiate the wide occurrence of whole-chromosome arm conservation in Rhinolophus bats and suggest that Robertsonian translocations of different combinations account for their karyotype differences. Parsimony analysis using chromosomal characters has provided some new insights into the Rhinolophus ancestral karyotype and phylogenetic relationships among these Rhinolophus species so far studied. In addition to Robertsonian translocations, our results suggest that whole-arm (reciprocal) translocations involving multiple non-homologous chromosomes as well could have been involved in the karyotypic evolution within Rhinolophus, in particular those bats with low and medium diploid numbers.

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