The Experts below are selected from a list of 6150 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
X.-w. Gao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Multiple mechanisms responsible for differential susceptibilities of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) and Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) to pirimicarb.
Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2009Co-Authors: X.-w. GaoAbstract:Both Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) and Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) are the most important pests of wheat in China and usually coexist on the late period of wheat growth. Pirimicarb was introduced into China for wheat aphid control in early 1990s, and differential susceptibilities of Sitobion avenae (Fabricius) and Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) to pirimicarb have been observed. A bioassay exhibited that Rhopalosiphum padi possessed significantly higher susceptibility to pirimicarb than Sitobion avenae. The addition of synergists DEF, an esterase inhibitor, PBO, a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase inhibitor, and DEM, a glutathione S-transferase inhibitor, resulted in apparent reductions in the differential susceptibilities, suggesting the involvement of the above three detoxification enzymes in the differential susceptibility to pirimicarb between Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi. A biochemical analysis showed that the activities of carboxylesterases and glutathione S-transferases were significantly higher in Sitobion avenae than in Rhopalosiphum padi, consistent with the results of synergism. Acetylcholinesterase is the target enzyme of pirimicarb and the sensitivity of acetylcholinesterase to pirimicarb was significantly higher in Rhopalosiphum padi than in Sitobion avenae. The combined results suggest that multiple mechanisms are likely to be responsible for differential susceptibilities to pirimicarb between Sitobion avenae and Rhopalosiphum padi. The results obtained from this study should be helpful in the rational applications of insecticides.
Han Zhao-jun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cloning and sequence analysis of fragments of acetylcholinesterase genes from Rhopalosiphum padi(Linnaeus) and Sitobion avenae(Fabricius)
Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 2006Co-Authors: Han Zhao-junAbstract:Using degenerate primers and RT-PCR technique,two cDNA fragments of acetylcholinesterase genes were cloned from both Rhopalosiphum padi(Linnaeus)and Sitobion avenae(Fabricius)and were named as Rp.ace1,Rp.ace2,Sa.ace1 and Sa.ace2,respectively.They were 282,282,264 and 572 bp in length,and encodes 94,94,88 and 190 amino acids,respectively.Sequence analysis showed that Rp.ace1 and Sa.ace1 had more than 96% homology with the Ace1 from Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae.Rp.ace2 and Sa.ace2 had more than 95% homology with the Ace2 from these two aphids and the Schizaphis graminum.Results implied that both Rhopalosiphum padi(Linnaeus)and Sitobion avenae(Fabricius)have two acetylcholinesterase genes,and the two genes may be popular in all aphids and both functional.
Lucy R Stewart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a recently discovered maize polerovirus causes leaf reddening symptoms in several maize genotypes and is transmitted by both the corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis and the bird cherry oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi
Plant Disease, 2020Co-Authors: Lucy R Stewart, Jane Todd, Kristen Willie, Deogracious Massawe, Nitika KhatriAbstract:A maize-infecting polerovirus variously named maize yellow dwarf virus RMV2 (MYDV-RMV2) and maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) has been discovered and previously described in East Africa, Asia, and South America. It was identified in virus surveys in these locations instigated by outbreaks of maize lethal necrosis (MLN), known to be caused by coinfections of unrelated maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and any of several maize-infecting potyviruses, and was often found in coinfections with MLN viruses. Although sequenced in many locations globally and named for symptoms of related or coinfecting viruses, and with an infectious clone reported that experimentally infects Nicotiana benthamiana, rudimentary biological characterization of MaYMV in maize, including insect vector(s) and symptoms in single infections, has not been reported until now. We report isolation from other viruses and leaf tip reddening symptoms in several maize genotypes, along with transmission by two aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi and Rhopalosiphum maidis. This is important information distinguishing this virus and demonstrating that in single infections it causes symptoms distinct from those of potyviruses or MCMV in maize, and identification of vectors provides an important framework for determination of potential disease impact and management.
Nitika Khatri - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a recently discovered maize polerovirus causes leaf reddening symptoms in several maize genotypes and is transmitted by both the corn leaf aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis and the bird cherry oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi
Plant Disease, 2020Co-Authors: Lucy R Stewart, Jane Todd, Kristen Willie, Deogracious Massawe, Nitika KhatriAbstract:A maize-infecting polerovirus variously named maize yellow dwarf virus RMV2 (MYDV-RMV2) and maize yellow mosaic virus (MaYMV) has been discovered and previously described in East Africa, Asia, and South America. It was identified in virus surveys in these locations instigated by outbreaks of maize lethal necrosis (MLN), known to be caused by coinfections of unrelated maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and any of several maize-infecting potyviruses, and was often found in coinfections with MLN viruses. Although sequenced in many locations globally and named for symptoms of related or coinfecting viruses, and with an infectious clone reported that experimentally infects Nicotiana benthamiana, rudimentary biological characterization of MaYMV in maize, including insect vector(s) and symptoms in single infections, has not been reported until now. We report isolation from other viruses and leaf tip reddening symptoms in several maize genotypes, along with transmission by two aphids, Rhopalosiphum padi and Rhopalosiphum maidis. This is important information distinguishing this virus and demonstrating that in single infections it causes symptoms distinct from those of potyviruses or MCMV in maize, and identification of vectors provides an important framework for determination of potential disease impact and management.
Laurene Levy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Plum pox in north america: identification of aphid vectors and a potential role for fruit in virus spread.
Phytopathology, 2004Co-Authors: F. E. Gildow, Vern Damsteegt, A. L. Stone, William L. Schneider, Douglas G. Luster, Laurene LevyAbstract:ABSTRACT Thirteen aphid species were tested for their ability to transmit Pennsylvania isolates of Plum pox virus (PPV) collected in Columbia (PENN-3), Franklin (PENN-4), and York (PENN-7) Counties, PA. Four species, Aphis fabae, A. spiraecola, Brachycaudus persicae, and Myzus persicae, consistently transmitted PPV in preliminary transmission tests. Two species, Metopolophium dirhodum and Rhopalosiphum padi, were occasional inefficient vectors. Toxoptera citricida, from Florida, also was an effective vector but it does not occur in major stone-fruit-growing states. Species not transmitting PPV in parallel tests included Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis glycines, Aulacorthum solani, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Rhopalosiphum maidis, and Sitobion avenae. When given a 3-day probing access period simultaneously on PPV-infected peach seedlings and healthy peach seedlings, Myzus persicae, Aphis spiraecola, A. fabae, and B. persicae transmitted PPV to 63, 31, 38, and 32% of the healthy peach seedlings, respectively. When g...
