The Experts below are selected from a list of 33105 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Hyun Joong Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rice Straw wood particle composite for sound absorbing wooden construction materials
Bioresource Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Hanseung Yang, Dae Jun Kim, Hyun Joong KimAbstract:In this study, Rice Straw-wood particle composite boards were manufactured as insulation boards using the method used in the wood-based panel industry. The raw material, Rice Straw, was chosen because of its availability. The manufacturing parameters were: a specific gravity of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8, and a Rice Straw content (10/90, 20/80, and 30/70 weight of Rice Straw/wood particle) of 10, 20, and 30 wt.%. A commercial urea-formaldehyde adhesive was used as the composite binder, to achieve 140-290 psi of bending modulus of rupture (MOR) with 0.4 specific gravity, 700-900 psi of bending MOR with 0.6 specific gravity, and 1400-2900 psi of bending MOR with a 0.8 specific gravity. All of the composite boards were superior to insulation board in strength. Width and length of the Rice Straw particle did not affect the bending MOR. The composite boards made from a random cutting of Rice Straw and wood particles were the best and recommended for manufacturing processes. Sound absorption coefficients of the 0.4 and 0.6 specific gravity boards were higher than the other wood-based materials. The recommended properties of the Rice Straw-wood particle composite boards are described, to absorb noises, preserve the temperature of indoor living spaces, and to be able to partially or completely substitute for wood particleboard and insulation board in wooden constructions.
Ashok Pandey - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Hydrotropic pretreatment on Rice Straw for bioethanol production
Renewable Energy, 2016Co-Authors: Leena P. Devendra, Ashok PandeyAbstract:The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hydrotrope as a pretreatment process on Rice Straw for bioethanol production. Sodium cumene sulfonate and sodium xylene sulfonate (Na–X) were used as hydrotropes to delignify Rice Straw. Effects of biomass loading, time, temperature and hydrotrope concentration were studied for both the hydrotropes. There was no loss of cellulose & hemicellulose in the hydrotrope solution. Sodium cumene sulfonate could remove more than 50% of lignin from Rice Straw with 5% biomass loading at 121 °C for 1 h. Reusability of aqueous hydrotrope solution was demonstrated. Enzymatic digestibility of the hydrotrope pretreated Rice Straw was studied and evaluated for subsequent bioethanol production. The use of the hydrotrope for biomass pretreatment has the potential to mitigate the environmental impact of chemical pretreatment.
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bioethanol production from Rice Straw an overview
Bioresource Technology, 2010Co-Authors: Parameswaran Binod, Raveendran Sindhu, Reeta Rani Singhania, Surender Vikram, Lalitha Devi, Satya Nagalakshmi, Noble Kurien, Rajeev K Sukumaran, Ashok PandeyAbstract:Rice Straw is an attractive lignocellulosic material for bioethanol production since it is one of the most abundant renewable resources. It has several characteristics, such as high cellulose and hemicelluloses content that can be readily hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars. But there occur several challenges and limitations in the process of converting Rice Straw to ethanol. The presence of high ash and silica content in Rice Straw makes it an inferior feedstock for ethanol production. One of the major challenges in developing technology for bioethanol production from Rice Straw is selection of an appropriate pretreatment technique. The choice of pretreatment methods plays an important role to increase the efficiency of enzymatic saccharification thereby making the whole process economically viable. The present review discusses the available technologies for bioethanol production using Rice Straw.
Hongzhang Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Near-infrared analysis of the chemical composition of Rice Straw
Industrial Crops and Products, 2007Co-Authors: Shengying Jin, Hongzhang ChenAbstract:Abstract Rapid and accurate determination of chemical composition of Rice Straw is crucial to predictions of its value and nutritive quality. In this work, calibration models using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) for determination of Rice Straw analytical parameters such as total ash, insoluble ash, moisture, cellulose, hemicellulose and Klason lignin were studied using a diverse group of Rice Straws. The NIRS calibration models for chemical compositions of Rice Straw were derived by partial least-squares (PLS) regression and prediction of chemical composition of independent Rice Straw samples showed these models to be rapid and accurate, giving R2-values higher than 0.85. Such NIRS calibration models are appropriate for the determination of the quality of Rice Straw samples.
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Structural properties and enzymatic hydrolysis of Rice Straw
Process Biochemistry, 2006Co-Authors: Shengying Jin, Hongzhang ChenAbstract:Rice Straw was divided into fractions by morphological character, and the enzymatic hydrolysis of these fractions was investigated. Chemical composition and the proportions of cells of different compositions were very variable in different fractions. This has a fundamental effect on the enzyme adsorption capability and hydrolysis performance. Cellulose and hemicellulose contents affected hydrolysis performance positively, silica and lignin in the Rice Straw had a negative effect. Morphological separation appears to be necessary if Rice Straw fractions are to be useful as carbohydrate sources.
S. P. Shoemaker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated Rice Straw
Bioresource Technology, 1997Co-Authors: E. Yu Vlasenko, John M. Labavitch, H Ding, S. P. ShoemakerAbstract:California Rice Straw is being evaluated as a feedstock for production of power and fuel. This paper examines the initial steps in the process: pretreatment of Rice Straw and enzymatic hydrolysis of the polysaccharides in the pretreated material to soluble sugars. Rice Straw was subjected to three distinct pretreatment procedures: acid-catalyzed steam explosion, (Swan Biomass Company), acid hydrolysis (U.S. DOE National Renewable Energy Laboratory), and ammonia fiber explosion or AFEX (Texas A and M University). Standard conditions for each pretreatment were used, but none was optimized for Rice Straw specifically. Six commercial cellulases, products of Genencor International (USA), Novo (Denmark), Iogen (Canada) and Fermtech (Russia) were used for hydrolysis. The Swan- and the acid-pretreatments effectively removed hemicellulose from Rice Straw, providing high yields of fermentable sugars. The AFEX-pretreatment was distinctly different from other pretreatments in that it did not significantly solubilize hemicellulose. All three pretreatment procedures substantially increased enzymatic digestibility of Rice Straw. Three commercial Trichoderma-reesei-derived enzyme preparations: Cellulase 100L (Iogen), Spezyme CP (Genencor), and A1 (Fermtech), were more active on pretreated Rice Straw compared than others tested. Conditions for hydrolysis of Rice Straw using Cellulase 100L were evaluated. The supplementation of this enzyme preparation with cellobiase (Novozyme 188) significantly improved the parameters of hydrolysis for the Swan- and the acid-pretreated materials, but did not affect the hydrolysis of the AFEX-pretreated Rice Straw. The three pretreatment techniques were compared on a basis of a total yield and distribution of fermentable carbohydrates released by enzymatic hydrolysis (the highest possible substrate concentrations were used, 150 g/l for the Swan- and the acid- and 100 g/l for the AFEX-pretreated Straw; enzyme loading of 6.7 filter paper units (FPU) and 6.7 cellobiase units (CBU) per gram of dry Straw was the same for all pretreated materials). A combined yield of monosaccharides produced by a pretreatment step and by enzymatic hydrolysis was found to be 46, 42 and 37 g/l for the Swan-, the acid- and the AFEX-pretreated Rice Straw respectively.
Nguyen Van Hung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rice Straw-Based Composting
Sustainable Rice Straw Management, 2019Co-Authors: Nguyen Thanh Nghi, Ryan R. Romasanta, Nguyen Van Hieu, Le Quang Vinh, Nguyen Vo Chau Ngan, Pauline Chivenge, Nguyen Van HungAbstract:Current practices in Rice production leave a huge amount of wet Straw on the field, which cannot be used as feed or for food production. Compost production is one way of effectively utilizing Rice Straw. Spent Rice Straw from mushroom production is also used as compost but this has low nutrient value and is poorly decomposed when using it as a soil improver. This wet, low-quality Straw, as well as byproducts from mushroom and cattle feed production, could be used to produce better-quality compost to return nutrients back to the field. Mechanization in mixing the materials, i.e., a compost turner, is necessary to have good aeration, increase the decomposition process, and reduce labor cost. This chapter provides an overview of composting technology and current practices of Rice-Straw composting. Updated information on this topic, resulting under the current BMZ-funded IRRI Rice-Straw management project (2016–2019), which has been implemented in Vietnam and the Philippines, is also included here, particularly in the sections on vermin-composting and mechanized composting.
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Rice Straw Overview: Availability, Properties, and Management Practices
Sustainable Rice Straw Management, 2019Co-Authors: Nguyen Van Hung, Pauline Chivenge, Monet Concepcion Maguyon-detras, Maria Victoria P. Migo, Reianne Quilloy, Carlito Balingbing, Martin GummertAbstract:Managing Rice Straw remains a challenge in Asia where more Rice, and hence, more Straw, is grown each year to meet rising demand. The widespread burning of Rice Straw is a major contributor to dangerously high levels of air pollution in South- and Southeast Asia associated with health issues. At the same time, researchers, engineers, and entrepreneurs are developing a range of alternative uses that turn Rice Straw into a commodity around which sustainable value chains can be built to benefit rural people. The best alternative to burning Rice Straw in any one location depends on context. However, available information remains scattered in different media and no publication yet exists that helps people learn about, and decide between, Rice Straw management options. This book provides a synthesis of these options and integrates knowledge on relevant areas: sustainable Rice Straw management practices, Rice Straw value chains, and business models. The book is also based on new research and practice data from research organizations and innovators in Vietnam, the Philippines, and Cambodia.
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Mechanized Collection and Densification of Rice Straw
Sustainable Rice Straw Management, 2019Co-Authors: Carlito Balingbing, Nguyen Thanh Nghi, Nguyen Van Hieu, Nguyen Van Hung, Elmer G. Bautista, Caesar Joventino M. Tado, Ampy Paulo Roxas, Martin GummertAbstract:The introduction of combine harvesters has made Rice Straw collection a major challenge and has brought bottlenecks to the Rice Straw supply chain. Due to this and the lack of knowledge on the Straw’s alternative uses, farmers burn the biomass in the field for ease of land preparation. This practice creates negative impacts on human health and the environment. However, as an alternative to burning, some Asian countries are developing increasing demands for Rice Straw for mushroom production, cattle feedstock, power generation, and building materials.
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Rice Straw-Based Fodder for Ruminants
Sustainable Rice Straw Management, 2019Co-Authors: Daniel L. Aquino, Arnel Del Barrio, Nguyen Xuan Trach, Nguyen Thanh Hai, Duong Nguyen Khang, Nguyen Tat Toan, Nguyen Van HungAbstract:Rice Straw is a readily available, practical, and cheap source of fodder for feeding ruminants such as buffaloes, cattle, goats, and sheep. Livestock producers commonly haul and stack Rice Straw from their Rice farm, which then forms reserved feed for their animals during lean months or when good-quality roughages are scarce. The feeding of pure Rice Straw to ruminants during the stages of fast growth and early lactation has been shown to affect both body condition score and animal performance. This is due to lower dry matter intake and protein content (from 4.0% to 4.7% crude protein) of the Straw. The high silica and lignin contents of Straw also contribute to poor nutrient (dry matter and protein) digestibility (
