The Experts below are selected from a list of 13734 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ryan E. Emanuel - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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decadal scale vegetation change driven by salinity at leading edge of Rising Sea Level
Ecosystems, 2019Co-Authors: Paul J. Taillie, Christopher E. Moorman, Benjamin Poulter, Marcelo Ardón, Ryan E. EmanuelAbstract:As Sea Levels rise, low-lying coastal forests increasingly are subject to stressors such as inundation and saltwater exposure. At long timescales (for example, centuries), the extent of inundation and saltwater exposure will increase; however, on a decadal timescale, the role of these drivers may differ in both magnitude and direction. To investigate the drivers of decadal-scale vegetation change, we measured the changes in five metrics of vegetation composition and structure between 2003/2004 and 2016/2017 at 98 plots distributed across a vegetation gradient from coastal forest to brackish marshes (< 0.5–18 ppt). We used elevation as a proxy of inundation vulnerability and soil sodium concentration as a proxy of saltwater exposure, and we investigated relationships between these two variables and the change in vegetation conditions between the two sampling periods. Soil sodium concentration was a significant predictor of vegetation change for all five vegetation metrics, whereas the effect of elevation was not significant for any of the metrics. The one site that was affected by wildfire twice during the duration of the study shifted almost completely from forest to marsh with limited regeneration of woody vegetation observed in 2016/2017. Our results show that salinization in our system is a more important driver of vegetation change than inundation potential. Furthermore, the effects of drought-induced salinization could be amplified by the elevated risk of wildfire during droughts. Forecasting the response of coastal wetlands to Rising Sea Levels will require a better understanding of the individual and combined effects of salinity, droughts, and wildfires on vegetation.
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Decadal-Scale Vegetation Change Driven by Salinity at Leading Edge of Rising Sea Level
Ecosystems, 2019Co-Authors: Paul J. Taillie, Christopher E. Moorman, Benjamin Poulter, Marcelo Ardón, Ryan E. EmanuelAbstract:As Sea Levels rise, low-lying coastal forests increasingly are subject to stressors such as inundation and saltwater exposure. At long timescales (for example, centuries), the extent of inundation and saltwater exposure will increase; however, on a decadal timescale, the role of these drivers may differ in both magnitude and direction. To investigate the drivers of decadal-scale vegetation change, we measured the changes in five metrics of vegetation composition and structure between 2003/2004 and 2016/2017 at 98 plots distributed across a vegetation gradient from coastal forest to brackish marshes (
Paul J. Taillie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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decadal scale vegetation change driven by salinity at leading edge of Rising Sea Level
Ecosystems, 2019Co-Authors: Paul J. Taillie, Christopher E. Moorman, Benjamin Poulter, Marcelo Ardón, Ryan E. EmanuelAbstract:As Sea Levels rise, low-lying coastal forests increasingly are subject to stressors such as inundation and saltwater exposure. At long timescales (for example, centuries), the extent of inundation and saltwater exposure will increase; however, on a decadal timescale, the role of these drivers may differ in both magnitude and direction. To investigate the drivers of decadal-scale vegetation change, we measured the changes in five metrics of vegetation composition and structure between 2003/2004 and 2016/2017 at 98 plots distributed across a vegetation gradient from coastal forest to brackish marshes (< 0.5–18 ppt). We used elevation as a proxy of inundation vulnerability and soil sodium concentration as a proxy of saltwater exposure, and we investigated relationships between these two variables and the change in vegetation conditions between the two sampling periods. Soil sodium concentration was a significant predictor of vegetation change for all five vegetation metrics, whereas the effect of elevation was not significant for any of the metrics. The one site that was affected by wildfire twice during the duration of the study shifted almost completely from forest to marsh with limited regeneration of woody vegetation observed in 2016/2017. Our results show that salinization in our system is a more important driver of vegetation change than inundation potential. Furthermore, the effects of drought-induced salinization could be amplified by the elevated risk of wildfire during droughts. Forecasting the response of coastal wetlands to Rising Sea Levels will require a better understanding of the individual and combined effects of salinity, droughts, and wildfires on vegetation.
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Bird community shifts associated with saltwater exposure in coastal forests at the leading edge of Rising Sea Level
PloS one, 2019Co-Authors: Paul J. Taillie, Christopher E. Moorman, Lindsey S. Smart, Krishna PacificiAbstract:Rising Sea Levels dramatically alter the vegetation composition and structure of coastal ecosystems. However, the implications of these changes for coastal wildlife are poorly understood. We aimed to quantify responses of avian communities to forest change (i.e., ghost forests) in a low-lying coastal region highly vulnerable to Rising Sea Level. We conducted point counts to sample avian communities at 156 forested points in eastern North Carolina, USA in 2013–2015. We modelled avian community composition using a multi-species hierarchical occupancy model and used metrics of vegetation structure derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data as covariates related to variation in bird responses. We used this model to predict occupancy for each bird species in 2001 (using an analogous 2001 LiDAR dataset) and 2014 and used the change in occupancy probability to estimate habitat losses and gains at 3 spatial extents: 1) the entire study area, 2) burned forests only, and 3) unburned, low-lying coastal forests only. Of the 56 bird species we investigated, we observed parameter estimates corresponding to a higher likelihood of occurring in ghost forest for 34 species, but only 9 of those had 95% posterior intervals that did not overlap 0, thus having strong support. Despite the high vulnerability of forests in the region to Sea Level rise, habitat losses and gains associated with Rising Sea Level were small relative to those resulting from wildfire. Though the extent of habitat changes associated with the development of ghost forest was limited, these changes likely are more permanent and may compound over time as Sea Level rises at an increasing rate. As such, the proliferation of ghost forests from Rising Sea Level has potential to become an important driver of forest bird habitat change in coastal regions.
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Decadal-Scale Vegetation Change Driven by Salinity at Leading Edge of Rising Sea Level
Ecosystems, 2019Co-Authors: Paul J. Taillie, Christopher E. Moorman, Benjamin Poulter, Marcelo Ardón, Ryan E. EmanuelAbstract:As Sea Levels rise, low-lying coastal forests increasingly are subject to stressors such as inundation and saltwater exposure. At long timescales (for example, centuries), the extent of inundation and saltwater exposure will increase; however, on a decadal timescale, the role of these drivers may differ in both magnitude and direction. To investigate the drivers of decadal-scale vegetation change, we measured the changes in five metrics of vegetation composition and structure between 2003/2004 and 2016/2017 at 98 plots distributed across a vegetation gradient from coastal forest to brackish marshes (
Christopher E. Moorman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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decadal scale vegetation change driven by salinity at leading edge of Rising Sea Level
Ecosystems, 2019Co-Authors: Paul J. Taillie, Christopher E. Moorman, Benjamin Poulter, Marcelo Ardón, Ryan E. EmanuelAbstract:As Sea Levels rise, low-lying coastal forests increasingly are subject to stressors such as inundation and saltwater exposure. At long timescales (for example, centuries), the extent of inundation and saltwater exposure will increase; however, on a decadal timescale, the role of these drivers may differ in both magnitude and direction. To investigate the drivers of decadal-scale vegetation change, we measured the changes in five metrics of vegetation composition and structure between 2003/2004 and 2016/2017 at 98 plots distributed across a vegetation gradient from coastal forest to brackish marshes (< 0.5–18 ppt). We used elevation as a proxy of inundation vulnerability and soil sodium concentration as a proxy of saltwater exposure, and we investigated relationships between these two variables and the change in vegetation conditions between the two sampling periods. Soil sodium concentration was a significant predictor of vegetation change for all five vegetation metrics, whereas the effect of elevation was not significant for any of the metrics. The one site that was affected by wildfire twice during the duration of the study shifted almost completely from forest to marsh with limited regeneration of woody vegetation observed in 2016/2017. Our results show that salinization in our system is a more important driver of vegetation change than inundation potential. Furthermore, the effects of drought-induced salinization could be amplified by the elevated risk of wildfire during droughts. Forecasting the response of coastal wetlands to Rising Sea Levels will require a better understanding of the individual and combined effects of salinity, droughts, and wildfires on vegetation.
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Bird community shifts associated with saltwater exposure in coastal forests at the leading edge of Rising Sea Level
PloS one, 2019Co-Authors: Paul J. Taillie, Christopher E. Moorman, Lindsey S. Smart, Krishna PacificiAbstract:Rising Sea Levels dramatically alter the vegetation composition and structure of coastal ecosystems. However, the implications of these changes for coastal wildlife are poorly understood. We aimed to quantify responses of avian communities to forest change (i.e., ghost forests) in a low-lying coastal region highly vulnerable to Rising Sea Level. We conducted point counts to sample avian communities at 156 forested points in eastern North Carolina, USA in 2013–2015. We modelled avian community composition using a multi-species hierarchical occupancy model and used metrics of vegetation structure derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data as covariates related to variation in bird responses. We used this model to predict occupancy for each bird species in 2001 (using an analogous 2001 LiDAR dataset) and 2014 and used the change in occupancy probability to estimate habitat losses and gains at 3 spatial extents: 1) the entire study area, 2) burned forests only, and 3) unburned, low-lying coastal forests only. Of the 56 bird species we investigated, we observed parameter estimates corresponding to a higher likelihood of occurring in ghost forest for 34 species, but only 9 of those had 95% posterior intervals that did not overlap 0, thus having strong support. Despite the high vulnerability of forests in the region to Sea Level rise, habitat losses and gains associated with Rising Sea Level were small relative to those resulting from wildfire. Though the extent of habitat changes associated with the development of ghost forest was limited, these changes likely are more permanent and may compound over time as Sea Level rises at an increasing rate. As such, the proliferation of ghost forests from Rising Sea Level has potential to become an important driver of forest bird habitat change in coastal regions.
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Decadal-Scale Vegetation Change Driven by Salinity at Leading Edge of Rising Sea Level
Ecosystems, 2019Co-Authors: Paul J. Taillie, Christopher E. Moorman, Benjamin Poulter, Marcelo Ardón, Ryan E. EmanuelAbstract:As Sea Levels rise, low-lying coastal forests increasingly are subject to stressors such as inundation and saltwater exposure. At long timescales (for example, centuries), the extent of inundation and saltwater exposure will increase; however, on a decadal timescale, the role of these drivers may differ in both magnitude and direction. To investigate the drivers of decadal-scale vegetation change, we measured the changes in five metrics of vegetation composition and structure between 2003/2004 and 2016/2017 at 98 plots distributed across a vegetation gradient from coastal forest to brackish marshes (
Jérôme Dyment - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Shoreline changes in a Rising Sea Level context: The example of Grande Glorieuse, Scattered Islands, Western Indian Ocean
Acta Oecologica, 2016Co-Authors: Laurent Testut, Virginie Duvat, Valérie Ballu, Rui Fernandes, Frédéric Pouget, Camille Salmon, Jérôme DymentAbstract:This paper provides baseline data on absolute and relative Sea Level variations and shoreline changes in the Scattered Islands region of the Indian Ocean, based on aerial image analysis, satellite altimetry and field observations and in situ measurements from the 2009 and 2011 TAAF scientific expeditions. The analysis shows the importance of regular observations and monitoring of these islands to better understand reef island responses to climate stressors. We show that Grande Glorieuse Island has increased in area by 7.5 ha between 1989 and 2003, predominantly as a result of shoreline accretion: accretion occurred over 47% of shoreline length, whereas 26% was stable and 28% was eroded. Topographic transects and field observations show that the accretion is due to sediment transfer from the reef outer slopes to the reef flat and then to the beach. This accretion occurred in a context of Sea Level rise: Sea Level has risen by about 6 cm in the last twenty years and the island height is probably stable or very slowly subsiding. This island expansion during a period of Rising Sea Level demonstrates that Sea Level rise is not the primary factor controlling the shoreline changes. This paper highlights the key role of non-climate factors in changes in island area, especially sediment availability and transport. We also evidence rotation of the island, underscoring the highly dynamic nature of reef islands.
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Shoreline changes in a Rising Sea Level context: the example of Grande Glorieuse, Eparses Islands, Western Indian Ocean
Acta Oecologica, 2016Co-Authors: Laurent Testut, Virginie Duvat, Valérie Ballu, Frédéric Pouget, Camille Salmon, Rui Manuel Da Silva Fernandes, Jérôme DymentAbstract:This paper provides baseline data on absolute and relative Sea Level variations and shoreline changes in the Scattered Islands region of the Indian Ocean, based on aerial image analysis, satellite altimetry and field observations and in situ measurements from the 2009 and 2011 TAAF scientific expeditions. The analysis shows the importance of regular observations and monitoring of these islands to better understand reef island responses to climate stressors. We show that Grande Glorieuse Island has increased in area by 7.5 ha between 1989 and 2003, predominantly as a result of shoreline accretion: accretion occurred over 47% of shoreline length, whereas 26% was stable and 28% was eroded. Topographic transects and field observations show that the accretion is due to sediment transfer from the reef outer slopes to the reef flat and then to the beach. This accretion occurred in a context of Sea Level rise: Sea Level has risen by about 6 cm in the last twenty years and the island height is probably stable or very slowly subsiding. This island expansion during a period of Rising Sea Level demonstrates that Sea Level rise is not the primary factor controlling the shoreline changes. This paper highlights the key role of non-climate factors in changes in island area, especially sediment availability and transport. We also evidence rotation of the island, underscoring the highly dynamic nature of reef islands.
Marcelo Ardón - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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decadal scale vegetation change driven by salinity at leading edge of Rising Sea Level
Ecosystems, 2019Co-Authors: Paul J. Taillie, Christopher E. Moorman, Benjamin Poulter, Marcelo Ardón, Ryan E. EmanuelAbstract:As Sea Levels rise, low-lying coastal forests increasingly are subject to stressors such as inundation and saltwater exposure. At long timescales (for example, centuries), the extent of inundation and saltwater exposure will increase; however, on a decadal timescale, the role of these drivers may differ in both magnitude and direction. To investigate the drivers of decadal-scale vegetation change, we measured the changes in five metrics of vegetation composition and structure between 2003/2004 and 2016/2017 at 98 plots distributed across a vegetation gradient from coastal forest to brackish marshes (< 0.5–18 ppt). We used elevation as a proxy of inundation vulnerability and soil sodium concentration as a proxy of saltwater exposure, and we investigated relationships between these two variables and the change in vegetation conditions between the two sampling periods. Soil sodium concentration was a significant predictor of vegetation change for all five vegetation metrics, whereas the effect of elevation was not significant for any of the metrics. The one site that was affected by wildfire twice during the duration of the study shifted almost completely from forest to marsh with limited regeneration of woody vegetation observed in 2016/2017. Our results show that salinization in our system is a more important driver of vegetation change than inundation potential. Furthermore, the effects of drought-induced salinization could be amplified by the elevated risk of wildfire during droughts. Forecasting the response of coastal wetlands to Rising Sea Levels will require a better understanding of the individual and combined effects of salinity, droughts, and wildfires on vegetation.
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Decadal-Scale Vegetation Change Driven by Salinity at Leading Edge of Rising Sea Level
Ecosystems, 2019Co-Authors: Paul J. Taillie, Christopher E. Moorman, Benjamin Poulter, Marcelo Ardón, Ryan E. EmanuelAbstract:As Sea Levels rise, low-lying coastal forests increasingly are subject to stressors such as inundation and saltwater exposure. At long timescales (for example, centuries), the extent of inundation and saltwater exposure will increase; however, on a decadal timescale, the role of these drivers may differ in both magnitude and direction. To investigate the drivers of decadal-scale vegetation change, we measured the changes in five metrics of vegetation composition and structure between 2003/2004 and 2016/2017 at 98 plots distributed across a vegetation gradient from coastal forest to brackish marshes (
