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Gregory T Smith - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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positive urgency predicts illegal drug use and Risky sexual Behavior
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2009Co-Authors: Tamika C B Zapolski, Melissa A Cyders, Gregory T SmithAbstract:There are several different personality traits that dispose individuals to engage in rash action. One such trait is positive urgency: the tendency to act rashly when experiencing extremely positive affect. This trait may be relevant for college student Risky Behavior, because it appears that a great deal of college student Risky Behavior is undertaken during periods of intensely positive mood states. To test this possibility, the authors conducted a longitudinal study designed to predict increases in Risky sexual Behavior and illegal drug use over the course of the first year of college (n = 407). In a well-fitting structural model, positive urgency predicted increases in illegal drug use and Risky sexual Behavior, even after controlling for time 1 (T1) involvement in both Risky Behaviors, biological sex, and T1 scores on four other personality dispositions to rash action. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this finding.
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The role of personality dispositions to Risky Behavior in predicting first-year college drinking
Addiction, 2009Co-Authors: Melissa A Cyders, Kate Flory, Sarah Rainer, Gregory T SmithAbstract:AIMS: US college student drinking is associated with enormous risks to health, safety and productivity. Recent advances in personality research that have delineated multiple, separate dispositions to engage in Risky Behaviors may help to clarify the personality contribution to risk for this problem. DESIGN: The authors compared the prospective roles of sensation seeking, lack of planning, lack of perseverance, negative urgency and positive urgency (dispositions to engage in rash action when in an unusually negative or positive mood, respectively) in predicting increases in drinking frequency, drinking quantity and negative outcomes from consumption across the first year of college. SETTING: University of Kentucky campus. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 418 first-year US college students enrolled in an Introduction to Psychology course during the first assessment; 293 participants completed both phases of the study. MEASUREMENTS: Participants completed self-report measures of personality and drinking Behavior twice during the first year of college [the UPPS-R Impulsive Behavior Scale, positive urgency measure (PUM) and Drinking Styles Questionnaire (DSQ)]. FINDINGS: Whereas sensation seeking related to increases in the frequency with which college students drank alcohol, positive urgency predicted increases in (i) the quantity of alcohol students consumed at any given drinking episode and (ii) negative outcomes experienced from drinking. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that although sensation seeking is a risk factor for participation in drinking Behaviors, risk for increased quantity of consumption and its negative outcomes may be more a function of dyscontrol stemming from high positive mood for college students. Language: en
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integration of impulsivity and positive mood to predict Risky Behavior development and validation of a measure of positive urgency
Psychological Assessment, 2007Co-Authors: Melissa A Cyders, Agnes M Annus, Nichea S Spillane, Sarah Fischer, Gregory T Smith, Claire M PetersonAbstract:In 3 studies, the authors developed and began to validate a measure of the propensity to act rashly inresponse to positive affective states ( positive urgency ). In Study 1, they developed a content-valid14-item scale, showed that the measure was unidimensional, and showed that positive urgency wasdistinct from impulsivity-like constructs identified in 2 models of impulsive Behavior. In Study 2, theyshowed that positive urgency explained variance in Risky Behavior not explained by measures of otherimpulsivity-like constructs, differentially explained positive mood-based Risky Behavior, differentiatedindividuals at risk for problem gambling from those not at risk, and interacted with drinking motives andexpectancies as predicted to explain problem drinking Behavior. In Study 3, they confirmed thehypothesis that positive urgency differentiated alcoholics from both eating-disordered and controlindividuals.Keywords: impulsivity, positive mood, Risky Behavior, urgency, validation
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integration of impulsivity and positive mood to predict Risky Behavior development and validation of a measure of positive urgency
Psychological Assessment, 2007Co-Authors: Melissa A Cyders, Agnes M Annus, Nichea S Spillane, Sarah Fischer, Gregory T Smith, Claire M PetersonAbstract:In 3 studies, the authors developed and began to validate a measure of the propensity to act rashly in response to positive affective states (positive urgency). In Study 1, they developed a content-valid 14-item scale, showed that the measure was unidimensional, and showed that positive urgency was distinct from impulsivity-like constructs identified in 2 models of impulsive Behavior. In Study 2, they showed that positive urgency explained variance in Risky Behavior not explained by measures of other impulsivity-like constructs, differentially explained positive mood-based Risky Behavior, differentiated individuals at risk for problem gambling from those not at risk, and interacted with drinking motives and expectancies as predicted to explain problem drinking Behavior. In Study 3, they confirmed the hypothesis that positive urgency differentiated alcoholics from both eating-disordered and control individuals.
Melissa A Cyders - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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positive urgency predicts illegal drug use and Risky sexual Behavior
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2009Co-Authors: Tamika C B Zapolski, Melissa A Cyders, Gregory T SmithAbstract:There are several different personality traits that dispose individuals to engage in rash action. One such trait is positive urgency: the tendency to act rashly when experiencing extremely positive affect. This trait may be relevant for college student Risky Behavior, because it appears that a great deal of college student Risky Behavior is undertaken during periods of intensely positive mood states. To test this possibility, the authors conducted a longitudinal study designed to predict increases in Risky sexual Behavior and illegal drug use over the course of the first year of college (n = 407). In a well-fitting structural model, positive urgency predicted increases in illegal drug use and Risky sexual Behavior, even after controlling for time 1 (T1) involvement in both Risky Behaviors, biological sex, and T1 scores on four other personality dispositions to rash action. The authors discuss the theoretical and practical implications of this finding.
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The role of personality dispositions to Risky Behavior in predicting first-year college drinking
Addiction, 2009Co-Authors: Melissa A Cyders, Kate Flory, Sarah Rainer, Gregory T SmithAbstract:AIMS: US college student drinking is associated with enormous risks to health, safety and productivity. Recent advances in personality research that have delineated multiple, separate dispositions to engage in Risky Behaviors may help to clarify the personality contribution to risk for this problem. DESIGN: The authors compared the prospective roles of sensation seeking, lack of planning, lack of perseverance, negative urgency and positive urgency (dispositions to engage in rash action when in an unusually negative or positive mood, respectively) in predicting increases in drinking frequency, drinking quantity and negative outcomes from consumption across the first year of college. SETTING: University of Kentucky campus. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 418 first-year US college students enrolled in an Introduction to Psychology course during the first assessment; 293 participants completed both phases of the study. MEASUREMENTS: Participants completed self-report measures of personality and drinking Behavior twice during the first year of college [the UPPS-R Impulsive Behavior Scale, positive urgency measure (PUM) and Drinking Styles Questionnaire (DSQ)]. FINDINGS: Whereas sensation seeking related to increases in the frequency with which college students drank alcohol, positive urgency predicted increases in (i) the quantity of alcohol students consumed at any given drinking episode and (ii) negative outcomes experienced from drinking. CONCLUSIONS: It appears that although sensation seeking is a risk factor for participation in drinking Behaviors, risk for increased quantity of consumption and its negative outcomes may be more a function of dyscontrol stemming from high positive mood for college students. Language: en
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integration of impulsivity and positive mood to predict Risky Behavior development and validation of a measure of positive urgency
Psychological Assessment, 2007Co-Authors: Melissa A Cyders, Agnes M Annus, Nichea S Spillane, Sarah Fischer, Gregory T Smith, Claire M PetersonAbstract:In 3 studies, the authors developed and began to validate a measure of the propensity to act rashly inresponse to positive affective states ( positive urgency ). In Study 1, they developed a content-valid14-item scale, showed that the measure was unidimensional, and showed that positive urgency wasdistinct from impulsivity-like constructs identified in 2 models of impulsive Behavior. In Study 2, theyshowed that positive urgency explained variance in Risky Behavior not explained by measures of otherimpulsivity-like constructs, differentially explained positive mood-based Risky Behavior, differentiatedindividuals at risk for problem gambling from those not at risk, and interacted with drinking motives andexpectancies as predicted to explain problem drinking Behavior. In Study 3, they confirmed thehypothesis that positive urgency differentiated alcoholics from both eating-disordered and controlindividuals.Keywords: impulsivity, positive mood, Risky Behavior, urgency, validation
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integration of impulsivity and positive mood to predict Risky Behavior development and validation of a measure of positive urgency
Psychological Assessment, 2007Co-Authors: Melissa A Cyders, Agnes M Annus, Nichea S Spillane, Sarah Fischer, Gregory T Smith, Claire M PetersonAbstract:In 3 studies, the authors developed and began to validate a measure of the propensity to act rashly in response to positive affective states (positive urgency). In Study 1, they developed a content-valid 14-item scale, showed that the measure was unidimensional, and showed that positive urgency was distinct from impulsivity-like constructs identified in 2 models of impulsive Behavior. In Study 2, they showed that positive urgency explained variance in Risky Behavior not explained by measures of other impulsivity-like constructs, differentially explained positive mood-based Risky Behavior, differentiated individuals at risk for problem gambling from those not at risk, and interacted with drinking motives and expectancies as predicted to explain problem drinking Behavior. In Study 3, they confirmed the hypothesis that positive urgency differentiated alcoholics from both eating-disordered and control individuals.
Claire M Peterson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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integration of impulsivity and positive mood to predict Risky Behavior development and validation of a measure of positive urgency
Psychological Assessment, 2007Co-Authors: Melissa A Cyders, Agnes M Annus, Nichea S Spillane, Sarah Fischer, Gregory T Smith, Claire M PetersonAbstract:In 3 studies, the authors developed and began to validate a measure of the propensity to act rashly inresponse to positive affective states ( positive urgency ). In Study 1, they developed a content-valid14-item scale, showed that the measure was unidimensional, and showed that positive urgency wasdistinct from impulsivity-like constructs identified in 2 models of impulsive Behavior. In Study 2, theyshowed that positive urgency explained variance in Risky Behavior not explained by measures of otherimpulsivity-like constructs, differentially explained positive mood-based Risky Behavior, differentiatedindividuals at risk for problem gambling from those not at risk, and interacted with drinking motives andexpectancies as predicted to explain problem drinking Behavior. In Study 3, they confirmed thehypothesis that positive urgency differentiated alcoholics from both eating-disordered and controlindividuals.Keywords: impulsivity, positive mood, Risky Behavior, urgency, validation
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integration of impulsivity and positive mood to predict Risky Behavior development and validation of a measure of positive urgency
Psychological Assessment, 2007Co-Authors: Melissa A Cyders, Agnes M Annus, Nichea S Spillane, Sarah Fischer, Gregory T Smith, Claire M PetersonAbstract:In 3 studies, the authors developed and began to validate a measure of the propensity to act rashly in response to positive affective states (positive urgency). In Study 1, they developed a content-valid 14-item scale, showed that the measure was unidimensional, and showed that positive urgency was distinct from impulsivity-like constructs identified in 2 models of impulsive Behavior. In Study 2, they showed that positive urgency explained variance in Risky Behavior not explained by measures of other impulsivity-like constructs, differentially explained positive mood-based Risky Behavior, differentiated individuals at risk for problem gambling from those not at risk, and interacted with drinking motives and expectancies as predicted to explain problem drinking Behavior. In Study 3, they confirmed the hypothesis that positive urgency differentiated alcoholics from both eating-disordered and control individuals.
Jonathan Gruber - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Risky Behavior among youths an economic analysis
NBER Books, 2001Co-Authors: Jonathan GruberAbstract:There are a host of potentially Risky Behaviors in which youth engage, which have important implications for both their well being as youth and their life prospects. The past decade has seen dramatic shifts in the intensity with which youths pursue these Risky activities: for example, youth homicide fell by 40%; teen births decline by 20%; youth smoking rose by 33%; and marijuana use among youth virtually doubled. This paper, and the volume it introduces, explores the determinants and implications of Risky Behaviors by youths. I begin by reviewing perspectives on youth risk-taking from traditional rational-choice economics, developmental psychology, and Behavioral economics. I then discuss both cross-sectional and time series evidence on risk-taking by youths, and how this compares to adults. I review the evidence on youth risk taking from the studies in this volume, and highlight the conclusions that (a) economic incentives and macroeconomic conditions are powerful predictors of risk taking by youths, (b) despite this, these factors are not very successful in predicting the dramatic time series swings we see in youth risk taking, and (c) risk taking by youths appears to have important implications for Risky Behaviors later in life. I also comment on the implications of these findings for policy, and for future economic research. (This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
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Risky Behavior among youths an economic analysis
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001Co-Authors: Jonathan GruberAbstract:There are a host of potentially Risky Behaviors in which youth engage, which have important implications for both their well being as youth and their life prospects. The past decade has seen dramatic shifts in the intensity with which youths pursue these Risky activities: for example, youth homicide fell by 40%; teen births decline by 20%; youth smoking rose by 33%; and marijuana use among youth virtually doubled. This paper, and the volume it introduces, explores the determinants and implications of Risky Behaviors by youths. I begin by reviewing perspectives on youth risk-taking from traditional rational-choice economics, developmental psychology, and Behavioral economics. I then discuss both cross-sectional and time series evidence on risk-taking by youths, and how this compares to adults. I review the evidence on youth risk taking from the studies in this volume, and highlight the conclusions that (a) economic incentives and macroeconomic conditions are powerful predictors of risk taking by youths, (b) despite this, these factors are not very successful in predicting the dramatic time series swings we see in youth risk taking, and (c) risk taking by youths appears to have important implications for Risky Behaviors later in life. I also comment on the implications of these findings for policy, and for future economic research.
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Risky Behavior among youths an economic analysis
Social Science Research Network, 2001Co-Authors: Jonathan GruberAbstract:Every day young people engage in Risky behaviours that affect not only their immediate well-being but their long-term health and safety. These essays apply diverse economic analyses to a wide range of unsafe activities, including teen drinking, drug use, unprotected sex, and criminal activity.
Edward L Glaeser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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learning from deregulation the asymmetric impact of lockdown and reopening on Risky Behavior during covid 19
Journal of Regional Science, 2021Co-Authors: Edward L Glaeser, Ginger Zhe Jin, Benjamin T Leyden, Michael LucaAbstract:During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, states issued and then rescinded stay-at-home orders that restricted mobility. We develop a model of learning by deregulation, which predicts that lifting stay-at-home orders can signal that going out has become safer. Using restaurant activity data, we find that the implementation of stay-at-home orders initially had a limited impact, but that activity rose quickly after states' reopenings. The results suggest that consumers inferred from reopening that it was safer to eat out. The rational, but mistaken inference that occurs in our model may explain why a sharp rise of COVID-19 cases followed reopening in some states.
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learning from deregulation the asymmetric impact of lockdown and reopening on Risky Behavior during covid 19
Social Science Research Network, 2020Co-Authors: Edward L Glaeser, Ginger Zhe Jin, Benjamin T Leyden, Michael LucaAbstract:During the COVID-19 pandemic, states issued and then rescinded stay-at-home orders that restricted mobility. We develop a model of learning by deregulation, which predicts that lifting stay-at-home orders can signal that going out has become safer. Using restaurant activity data, we find that the implementation of stay-at-home orders initially had a limited impact, but that activity rose quickly after states’ reopenings. The results suggest that consumers inferred from reopening that it was safer to eat out. The rational, but mistaken inference that occurs in our model may explain why a sharp rise of COVID-19 cases followed reopening in some states.
