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Damia Barcelo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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occurrence of halogenated and organophosphate flame retardants in sediment and fish samples from three european River Basins
Science of The Total Environment, 2017Co-Authors: Monica Giulivo, Ettore Capri, Eleni Kalogianni, Radmila Milacic, Bruno Majone, Federico Ferrari, Ethel Eljarrat, Damia BarceloAbstract:Classic (polybromodiphenyl ethers, PBDEs) and emerging halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) such as decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) and halogenated norbornenes, as well as organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) were analysed in 52 sediments and 27 fish samples from three European River Basins, namely the Evrotas (Greece), the Adige (Italy) and the Sava (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia). This is the first time that FR levels have been reported in these three European River Basins. The highest contamination was found in the Adige and Sava Rivers, whereas lower values were obtained for the Evrotas. The levels in sediment samples ranged between 0.25 and 34.0ng/g dw, and between 0.31 and 549ng/g dw, for HFRs and OPFRs respectively. As regards levels in fish, concentrations ranged between 9.32 and 461ng/g lw and between 14.4 and 650ng/g lw, for HFRs and OPFRs, respectively. Thus, whereas OPFR values were higher in sediments, similar concentrations (in the Evrotas) and even lower concentrations than HFRs (Sava) were found for OPFRs in the fish samples, indicating the lower bioaccumulation potential of OPFRs. Biota to sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) were calculated and higher values were obtained for HFRs compared to those assessed for OPFRs.
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uv filters bioaccumulation in fish from iberian River Basins
Science of The Total Environment, 2015Co-Authors: Pablo Gagoferrero, Silvia M Diazcruz, Damia BarceloAbstract:The occurrence of eight organic UV filters (UV-Fs) was assessed in fish from four Iberian River Basins. This group of compounds is extensively used in cosmetic products and other industrial goods to avoid the damaging effects of UV radiation, and has been found to be ubiquitous contaminants in the aquatic ecosystem. In particular, fish are considered by the scientific community to be the most feasible organism for contamination monitoring in aquatic ecosystems. Despite that, studies on the bioaccumulation of UV-F are scarce. In this study fish samples from four Iberian River Basins under high anthropogenic pressure were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Benzophenone-3 (BP3), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4MBC) and octocrylene (OC) were the predominant pollutants in the fish samples, with concentrations in the range of ng/g. dry. weight (d.w.). The results indicated that most polluted area corresponded to Guadalquivir River basin, where maximum concentrations were found for EHMC (241.7. ng/g. d.w.). Sediments from this River basin were also analysed. Lower values were observed in relation to fish for OC and EHMC, ranging from below the limits of detection to 23. ng/g. d.w. Accumulation levels of UV-F in the fish were used to calculate biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs). These values were always below 1, in the range of 0.04-0.3, indicating that the target UV-Fs are excreted by fish only to some extent. The fact that the highest concentrations were determined in predators suggests that biomagnification of UV-F may take place along the freshwater food web
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effect directed analysis of key toxicants in european River Basins a review
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2007Co-Authors: Werner Brack, Hans J C Klamer, Miren Lopez De Alda, Damia BarceloAbstract:Background, Aim and Scope Extensive monitoring programs on chemical contamination are run in many European River Basins. With respect to the implementation of the European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD), these programs are increasingly accompanied by monitoring the ecological status of the River Basins. Assuming an impact of chemical contamination on the ecological status, the assignment of effects in aquatic ecosystems to those stressors that cause the effects is a prerequisite for taking political or technical measures to achieve the goals of the WFD. Thus, one focus of present European research is on toxicant identification in European River Basins in order to allow for a reduction of toxic pressure on aquatic ecosystems according to the WFD. Main Features: An overview is presented on studies that were performed to link chemical pollution in European River Basins to measurable ecotoxic effects. This includes correlation-based approaches as well as investigations that apply effect-directed analysis (EDA) integrating toxicity testing, fractionation and non-target chemical analysis. Effect-based key toxicants that were identified in European surface waters are compiled and compared to EU priority pollutants. Further needs for research are identified. Results: Studies on the identification of effect-based key toxicants focused on mutagenicity, aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated effects, endocrine disruption, green algae, and invertebrates. The identified pollutants include priority pollutants and other well-known environmental pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, furans, and biphenyls, nonylphenol, some pesticides and tributyltin, but also other compounds that were neither considered as environmental pollutants before nor regulated such as substituted phenols, natural or synthetic estrogens and androgens, dinaphthofurans, 2-(2-naphthalenyl)benzothiophene, and N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine. Discussion: Individual studies at specific sites in a European River basin demonstrated the power of combined biological and chemical analytical approaches and, particularly, of effect-directed analysis. However, the available information on effect-based key toxicants is very limited with respect to the entirety of Rivers possibly at risk due to chemical contamination and with respect to toxicological endpoints considered at a specific site. A relatively broad basis of information exists only for estrogenicity and aryl hydrocarbon, receptor-mediated effects. Conclusions: The development of tools and strategies for an identification of key toxicants on a broader scale are a challenging task for the next years. Since investigations dealing with toxicant identification are too labor and cost-intensive for monitoring purposes, they have to be focused on the key sites in a River basin. These should include hot spots of contamination, particularly if there is evidence that they might pose a risk for downstream areas, but may also involve accumulation zones in the lower reach of a River in order to get an integrated picture on the contamination of the basin. Perspectives: While EDA is almost exclusively based on measurable effects in in vitro and in vivo biotests to date, an increasing focus in the future should be on the integration of EDA into Ecological Risk Assessment and on the development of tools to confirm EDA-determined key toxicants as stressors in populations, communities and ecosystems. Considering these requirements and applied in a focused way, toxicant identification may significantly help to implement the Water Framework Directive by providing evidence on the main stressors and possible mitigation measures in order to improve the ecological status of a River ecosystem.
Yoshihide Wada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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water stress in global transboundary River Basins significance of upstream water use on downstream stress
Environmental Research Letters, 2016Co-Authors: Hafsa Ahmed Munia, Joseph H A Guillaume, Naho Mirumachi, Miina Porkka, Yoshihide Wada, Matti KummuAbstract:Growing population and water demand have increased pressure on water resources in various parts of the globe, including many transboundary River Basins. While the impacts of upstream water use on downstream water availability have been analysed in many of these international River Basins, this has not been systematically done at the global scale using coherent and comparable datasets. In this study, we aim to assess the change in downstream water stress due to upstream water use in the world's transboundary River Basins. Water stress was first calculated considering only local water use of each sub-basin based on country-basin mesh, then compared with the situation when upstream water use was subtracted from downstream water availability. We found that water stress was generally already high when considering only local water use, affecting 0.95–1.44 billion people or 33%–51% of the population in transboundary River Basins. After accounting for upstream water use, stress level increased by at least 1 percentage-point for 30–65 sub-Basins, affecting 0.29–1.13 billion people. Altogether 288 out of 298 middle-stream and downstream sub-basin areas experienced some change in stress level. Further, we assessed whether there is a link between increased water stress due to upstream water use and the number of conflictive and cooperative events in the transboundary River Basins, as captured by two prominent databases. No direct relationship was found. This supports the argument that conflicts and cooperation events originate from a combination of different dRivers, among which upstream-induced water stress may play a role. Our findings contribute to better understanding of upstream–downstream dynamics in water stress to help address water allocation problems.
Pablo Gagoferrero - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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uv filters bioaccumulation in fish from iberian River Basins
Science of The Total Environment, 2015Co-Authors: Pablo Gagoferrero, Silvia M Diazcruz, Damia BarceloAbstract:The occurrence of eight organic UV filters (UV-Fs) was assessed in fish from four Iberian River Basins. This group of compounds is extensively used in cosmetic products and other industrial goods to avoid the damaging effects of UV radiation, and has been found to be ubiquitous contaminants in the aquatic ecosystem. In particular, fish are considered by the scientific community to be the most feasible organism for contamination monitoring in aquatic ecosystems. Despite that, studies on the bioaccumulation of UV-F are scarce. In this study fish samples from four Iberian River Basins under high anthropogenic pressure were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Benzophenone-3 (BP3), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4MBC) and octocrylene (OC) were the predominant pollutants in the fish samples, with concentrations in the range of ng/g. dry. weight (d.w.). The results indicated that most polluted area corresponded to Guadalquivir River basin, where maximum concentrations were found for EHMC (241.7. ng/g. d.w.). Sediments from this River basin were also analysed. Lower values were observed in relation to fish for OC and EHMC, ranging from below the limits of detection to 23. ng/g. d.w. Accumulation levels of UV-F in the fish were used to calculate biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs). These values were always below 1, in the range of 0.04-0.3, indicating that the target UV-Fs are excreted by fish only to some extent. The fact that the highest concentrations were determined in predators suggests that biomagnification of UV-F may take place along the freshwater food web
Matti Kummu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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water stress in global transboundary River Basins significance of upstream water use on downstream stress
Environmental Research Letters, 2016Co-Authors: Hafsa Ahmed Munia, Joseph H A Guillaume, Naho Mirumachi, Miina Porkka, Yoshihide Wada, Matti KummuAbstract:Growing population and water demand have increased pressure on water resources in various parts of the globe, including many transboundary River Basins. While the impacts of upstream water use on downstream water availability have been analysed in many of these international River Basins, this has not been systematically done at the global scale using coherent and comparable datasets. In this study, we aim to assess the change in downstream water stress due to upstream water use in the world's transboundary River Basins. Water stress was first calculated considering only local water use of each sub-basin based on country-basin mesh, then compared with the situation when upstream water use was subtracted from downstream water availability. We found that water stress was generally already high when considering only local water use, affecting 0.95–1.44 billion people or 33%–51% of the population in transboundary River Basins. After accounting for upstream water use, stress level increased by at least 1 percentage-point for 30–65 sub-Basins, affecting 0.29–1.13 billion people. Altogether 288 out of 298 middle-stream and downstream sub-basin areas experienced some change in stress level. Further, we assessed whether there is a link between increased water stress due to upstream water use and the number of conflictive and cooperative events in the transboundary River Basins, as captured by two prominent databases. No direct relationship was found. This supports the argument that conflicts and cooperation events originate from a combination of different dRivers, among which upstream-induced water stress may play a role. Our findings contribute to better understanding of upstream–downstream dynamics in water stress to help address water allocation problems.
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the major central asian River Basins an assessment of vulnerability
International Journal of Water Resources Development, 2012Co-Authors: Olli Varis, Matti KummuAbstract:Central Asia's hydrological systems and environment have undergone incomparable changes during recent decades. By using various geospatial and national databases, the socio-economic-environmental vulnerability of the region's major River Basins with regard to stress factors related to governance, economy, social issues, environment, hazards, and water scarcity was assessed. A vulnerability profile for each basin was produced and compared with those of the Asia-Pacific's 10 major River Basins. Each of the factors appeared quite important for the overall vulnerability. It is thus crucial to focus attention holistically on all the analyzed sectors when trying to solve the challenges in Central Asian waters.
Vidhya Sridhar - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Spatio-temporal trends of rainfall across Indian River Basins
Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 2017Co-Authors: D.s. Bisht, Chandranath Chatterjee, Narendra Singh Raghuwanshi, Vidhya SridharAbstract:Daily gridded high-resolution rainfall data of India Meteorological Department at 0.25° spatial resolution (1901–2015) was analyzed to detect the trend in seasonal, annual, and maximum cumulative rainfall for 1, 2, 3, and 5 days. The present study was carried out for 85 River Basins of India during 1901–2015 and pre- and post-urbanization era, i.e., 1901–1970 and 1971–2015, respectively. Mann–Kendall (α = 0.05) and Theil–Sen’s tests were employed for detecting the trend and percentage of change over the period of time, respectively. Daily extreme rainfall events, above 95 and 99 percentile threshold, were also analyzed to detect any trend in their magnitude and number of occurrences. The upward trend was found for the majority of the sub-Basins for 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-day maximum cumulative rainfall during the post-urbanization era. The magnitude of extreme threshold events is also found to be increasing in the majority of the River Basins during the post-urbanization era. A 30-year moving window analysis further revealed a widespread upward trend in a number of extreme threshold rainfall events possibly due to urbanization and climatic factors. Overall trends studied against intra-basin trend across Ganga basin reveal the mixed pattern of trends due to inherent spatial heterogeneity of rainfall, therefore, highlighting the importance of scale for such studies.
