The Experts below are selected from a list of 52590 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
David A. Leib - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The Virion Host Shutoff Protein of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Has RNA Degradation Activity in Primary Neurons
Journal of virology, 2004Co-Authors: Stephanie S. Strand, Tambryn K. Vanheyningen, David A. LeibAbstract:The virion host shutoff protein (Vhs) of herpes simplex virus type 1 induces destabilization of mRNA following infection. Our study of primary neurons from CD-1 mice demonstrates that vhs is functional in neurons but that more Vhs is required to mediate RNA Degradation in neurons than in other susceptible cells.
-
RNAse L activity does not contribute to host RNA Degradation induced by herpes simplex virus infection.
Journal of General Virology, 2003Co-Authors: Tracy J. Smith, Robert H. Silverman, David A. LeibAbstract:In early herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection, the virion host shutoff (vhs) protein mediates the Degradation of mRNA and subsequent shutoff of host protein synthesis. It is unclear whether vhs acts alone or in concert with virus-induced cellular factors for this activity. This paper examines whether RNAse L, a virally induced endoribonuclease, contributes to HSV-induced mRNA decay. Results showed that RNA Degradation was comparable in wild-type and RNAse L−/− cells, demonstrating that HSV-mediated RNA Degradation is independent of RNAse L activity. Furthermore, the data show that HSV-1 does not significantly induce RNAse L activity in murine embryo fibroblasts.
Britt Glaunsinger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Emerging roles for RNA Degradation in viral replication and antiviral defense.
Virology, 2015Co-Authors: Emma Abernathy, Britt GlaunsingerAbstract:Viral replication significantly alters the gene expression landscape of infected cells. Many of these changes are driven by viral manipulation of host transcription or translation machinery. Several mammalian viruses encode factors that broadly dampen gene expression by directly targeting messenger RNA (mRNA). Here, we highlight how these factors promote mRNA Degradation to globally regulate both host and viral gene expression. Although these viral factors are not homologous and use distinct mechanisms to target mRNA, many of them display striking parallels in their strategies for executing RNA Degradation and invoke key features of cellular RNA quality control pathways. In some cases, there is a lack of selectivity for Degradation of host versus viral mRNA, indicating that the purposes of virus-induced mRNA Degradation extend beyond redirecting cellular resources towards viral gene expression. In addition, several antiviral pathways use RNA Degradation as a viral restriction mechanism, and we will summarize new findings related to how these host-encoded ribonucleases target and destroy viral RNA.
Scott Leslie Oneill - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
wolbachia mediated virus blocking in mosquito cells is dependent on xrn1 mediated viral RNA Degradation and influenced by viral replication rate
PLOS Pathogens, 2018Co-Authors: Saijo Thomas, Jiyoti Verma, Megan Woolfit, Scott Leslie OneillAbstract:Wolbachia is currently being developed as a novel tool to block the transmission of dengue viruses (DENV) by Aedes aegypti. A number of mechanisms have been proposed to explain the DENV-blocking phenotype in mosquitoes, including competition for fatty acids like cholesterol, manipulation of host miRNAs and upregulation of innate immune pathways in the mosquito. We examined the various stages in the DENV infection process to better understand the mechanism of Wolbachia-mediated virus blocking (WMVB). Our results suggest that infection with Wolbachia does not inhibit DENV binding or cell entry, but reduces virus replication. In contrast to a previous report, we also observed a similar reduction in replication of West Nile virus (WNV). This reduced replication is associated with rapid viral RNA Degradation in the cytoplasm. We didn’t find a role for host miRNAs in WMVB. Further analysis showed that the 3’ end of the virus subgenomic RNA was protected and accumulated over time suggesting that the Degradation is XRN1-mediated. We also found that sub genomic flavivirus RNA accumulation inactivated XRN1 in mosquito cells in the absence of Wolbachia and led to enhancement of RNA Degradation in its presence. Depletion of XRN1 decreased WMVB which was associated with a significant increase in DENV RNA. We also observed that WMVB is influenced by virus MOI and rate of virus replication. A comparatively elevated blocking was observed for slowly replicating DENV, compared to WNV. Similar results were obtained while analysing different DENV serotypes.
Emma Abernathy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Emerging roles for RNA Degradation in viral replication and antiviral defense.
Virology, 2015Co-Authors: Emma Abernathy, Britt GlaunsingerAbstract:Viral replication significantly alters the gene expression landscape of infected cells. Many of these changes are driven by viral manipulation of host transcription or translation machinery. Several mammalian viruses encode factors that broadly dampen gene expression by directly targeting messenger RNA (mRNA). Here, we highlight how these factors promote mRNA Degradation to globally regulate both host and viral gene expression. Although these viral factors are not homologous and use distinct mechanisms to target mRNA, many of them display striking parallels in their strategies for executing RNA Degradation and invoke key features of cellular RNA quality control pathways. In some cases, there is a lack of selectivity for Degradation of host versus viral mRNA, indicating that the purposes of virus-induced mRNA Degradation extend beyond redirecting cellular resources towards viral gene expression. In addition, several antiviral pathways use RNA Degradation as a viral restriction mechanism, and we will summarize new findings related to how these host-encoded ribonucleases target and destroy viral RNA.
George H. Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
RNA Degradation and the regulation of antibiotic synthesis in Streptomyces.
Future microbiology, 2010Co-Authors: George H. JonesAbstract:Streptomyces are Gram-positive, soil-dwelling bacteria that are prolific producers of antibiotics. Most of the antibiotics used in clinical and veterinary medicine worldwide are produced as natural products by members of the genus Streptomyces. The regulation of antibiotic production in Streptomyces is complex and there is a hierarchy of regulatory systems that extends from the level of individual biosynthetic pathways to global regulators that, at least in some streptomycetes, control the production of all the antibiotics produced by that organism. Ribonuclease III, a double-strand specific endoribonuclease, appears to be a global regulator of antibiotic production in Streptomyces coelicolor, the model organism for the study of streptomycete biology. In this review, the enzymology of RNA Degradation in Streptomyces is reviewed in comparison with what is known about the Degradation pathways in Escherichia coli and other bacteria. The evidence supporting a role for RNAse III as a global regulator of antibi...
-
RNA Degradation, Gene Expression and Antibiotic Synthesis in Streptomyces
Actinomycetologica, 2003Co-Authors: George H. JonesAbstract:RNA Degradation in bacteria, once thought to be a pathway whose only function was to scavenge nucleotides for the re-synthesis of RNA’s, is now known to be a complex, carefully regulated pathway that involves a number of key enzymes acting in concert. In Escherichia coli some of those enzymes are organized into a supramolecular complex that participates in the Degradation of cellular RNA’s and it is now clear that RNA Degradation represents an important intracellular mechanism for the regulation of gene expression in bacteria. In what follows, I will briefly review what is known about RNA Degradation in E. coli and Bacillus subtilis and then discuss the relationships between RNA Degradation, gene expression and antibiotic synthesis in the genus Streptomyces.
