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Mauran Guilhem - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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First in situ pXRF analyses of Rock Paintings in Erongo, Namibia: results, current limits, and prospects
'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2019Co-Authors: Mauran Guilhem, Lebon Matthieu, Detroit Florent, Caron Benoît, Nankela Alma, Pleurdeau David, Bahain Jean-jacquesAbstract:International audienceNamibia is one of the southern African countries hosting the richest Rock art heritage, with thousands of Rock Paintings. Although numerous studies investigated their distribution, style, and possible meaning, few are known about the materials used to perform these Paintings. Our in situ study aimed at identifying the diversity of pigments and alterations of some Rock Paintings in the northwestern part of the Erongo (Namibia). It relies on extensive pXRF analyses of 35 figures from eight Rock art sites of the area. Despite common limits of in situ pXRF analyses, the extensive number of figures analyzed and the original data treatment that we performed pioneered the first scientific analyses of the pigments from Rock painting sites in the Erongo Mountains. Furthermore, the study also confirmed the presence of iron oxide pigments on a portion of wall exposed during the excavations carried out at the archeological site of Leopard Cave and of possibly datable alterations over several Paintings, paving the way to future chronological analyses of past tradition of Rock Paintings in Central Namibia
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Methodological contributions to the characterization of coloring materials : application to the ornate shelter of Leopard Cave (Erongo, Namibia)
2019Co-Authors: Mauran GuilhemAbstract:Les nombreuses peintures rupestres d’Afrique australe constituent des témoins importants des pratiques ancestrales des populations ayant pris part à leur réalisation. En Namibie centrale, bien que de études aient été menées sur cet art, traditionnellement attribué aux chasseurs-cueilleurs, ses contextes chronologique et archéologique demeurent très largement inconnus. L’étude réalisée ici porte sur la définition d’un contexte archéologique de l’exploitation des matières colorantes sur le site orné de Leopard Cave (Erongo, Namibie), fouillé depuis 2007. Les analyses minéralogiques (DRX, FTIR), structurales (pétrographie, MEB-EDXS) et élémentaires (pXRF, PIXE, ICP-OES, ICP-MS-(LA)) ont été réalisées sur les matières colorantes et les résidus qui leur sont associés sur ce site. La comparaison de ces analyses avec celles menées sur une collection de référence a permis de définir une chaîne évolutive de ces matières premières. Cela a contribué aux réflexions sur le contexte de réalisation des peintures rupestres de l’Erongo.The many Rock Paintings of Southern Africa are important witnesses of the ancestral practices of the populations who took part in their realization. In Central Namibia, although studies have been conducted on this art, traditionally attributed to hunter-gatherers, its chronological and archaeological contexts remain largely unknown. The study carried out here deals with the definition of an archaeological context of the exploitation of the dyestuffs on the site decorated with Leopard Cave (Erongo, Namibia), excavated since 2007. The mineralogical analyzes (DRX, FTIR), structural (petrography , MEB-EDXS) and elemental (pXRF, PIXE, ICP-OES, ICP-MS-(LA)) were performed on the dyestuffs and residues associated with them on this site. The comparison of these analyzes with those carried out on a reference collection made it possible to define an evolutionary chain of these raw materials. This contributed to the reflections on the context of realization of Erongo Rock Paintings
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Apports méthodologiques à la caractérisation des matières colorantes : application à l'abri orné de Leopard Cave (Erongo, Namibie)
HAL CCSD, 2019Co-Authors: Mauran GuilhemAbstract:The many Rock Paintings of Southern Africa are important witnesses of the ancestral practices of the populations who took part in their realization. In Central Namibia, although studies have been conducted on this art, traditionally attributed to hunter-gatherers, its chronological and archaeological contexts remain largely unknown. The study carried out here deals with the definition of an archaeological context of the exploitation of the dyestuffs on the site decorated with Leopard Cave (Erongo, Namibia), excavated since 2007. The mineralogical analyzes (DRX, FTIR), structural (petrography , MEB-EDXS) and elemental (pXRF, PIXE, ICP-OES, ICP-MS-(LA)) were performed on the dyestuffs and residues associated with them on this site. The comparison of these analyzes with those carried out on a reference collection made it possible to define an evolutionary chain of these raw materials. This contributed to the reflections on the context of realization of Erongo Rock Paintings.Les nombreuses peintures rupestres d’Afrique australe constituent des témoins importants des pratiques ancestrales des populations ayant pris part à leur réalisation. En Namibie centrale, bien que de études aient été menées sur cet art, traditionnellement attribué aux chasseurs-cueilleurs, ses contextes chronologique et archéologique demeurent très largement inconnus. L’étude réalisée ici porte sur la définition d’un contexte archéologique de l’exploitation des matières colorantes sur le site orné de Leopard Cave (Erongo, Namibie), fouillé depuis 2007. Les analyses minéralogiques (DRX, FTIR), structurales (pétrographie, MEB-EDXS) et élémentaires (pXRF, PIXE, ICP-OES, ICP-MS-(LA)) ont été réalisées sur les matières colorantes et les résidus qui leur sont associés sur ce site. La comparaison de ces analyses avec celles menées sur une collection de référence a permis de définir une chaîne évolutive de ces matières premières. Cela a contribué aux réflexions sur le contexte de réalisation des peintures rupestres de l’Erongo
Nestor Etxebarria - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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non invasive portable instrumentation to study palaeolithic Rock Paintings the case of la pena cave in san roman de candamo asturias spain
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2013Co-Authors: Maitane Olivares, Kepa Castro, M S Corchon, Diego Garate, Xabier Murelaga, A Sarmiento, Nestor EtxebarriaAbstract:La Pena de Candamo Cave, listed as World Heritage by UNESCO in 2008, preserves one of the most important collections of parietal art in the North of Spain and there is an urgent need to evaluate the status of the cave both archaeologically and from the conservation and restoration points of view. In this work, the usefulness of non-invasive mobile instrumentation, such as Raman and EDXRF spectroscopies, is shown when this type of assessments are required under adverse experimental conditions. In addition to the rapid diagnosis that this non-invasive and mobile instrumentation provided, based on the subsequent multivariate analysis of collected spectra, it was possible the identification of the main pigments of the Rock art as well as their different origins. Finally, this study also showed the biodeterioration and decalcification processes observed in some areas of the cave and revealed the damage suffered during decades. The effects of such decaying processes over pictorial layers show up the need of a continuous preventive control of Paintings in order to minimise further deteriorations.
Antti Lahelma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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between the worlds Rock art landscape and shamanism in subneolithic finland
Norwegian Archaeological Review, 2005Co-Authors: Antti LahelmaAbstract:The Finnish Rock Paintings, dated to ca. 5000–1500 cal. BC, form a significant but so far relatively poorly known body of Rock art in Northern Europe. The Paintings are made with red ochre on steep cliffs rising at lakeshores and typically feature images of elks, men, boats, handprints and geometric designs. Traditional interpretations associate the art with shamanism. This interpretation, it is argued, finds additional support from the presence of a group of images that appear to portray experiences of metamorphosis, of falling in trance and of summoning zoomorphic spirit helper beings. Moreover, the location of the Paintings can similarly be viewed in the light of a shamanistic cosmology. Ethnographic analogies are sought in aspects of Saami shamanism and the cult of the sieidi, Rock formations worshipped as expressing a supernatural power.
Maitane Olivares - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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non invasive portable instrumentation to study palaeolithic Rock Paintings the case of la pena cave in san roman de candamo asturias spain
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2013Co-Authors: Maitane Olivares, Kepa Castro, M S Corchon, Diego Garate, Xabier Murelaga, A Sarmiento, Nestor EtxebarriaAbstract:La Pena de Candamo Cave, listed as World Heritage by UNESCO in 2008, preserves one of the most important collections of parietal art in the North of Spain and there is an urgent need to evaluate the status of the cave both archaeologically and from the conservation and restoration points of view. In this work, the usefulness of non-invasive mobile instrumentation, such as Raman and EDXRF spectroscopies, is shown when this type of assessments are required under adverse experimental conditions. In addition to the rapid diagnosis that this non-invasive and mobile instrumentation provided, based on the subsequent multivariate analysis of collected spectra, it was possible the identification of the main pigments of the Rock art as well as their different origins. Finally, this study also showed the biodeterioration and decalcification processes observed in some areas of the cave and revealed the damage suffered during decades. The effects of such decaying processes over pictorial layers show up the need of a continuous preventive control of Paintings in order to minimise further deteriorations.
Diego Garate - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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non invasive portable instrumentation to study palaeolithic Rock Paintings the case of la pena cave in san roman de candamo asturias spain
Journal of Archaeological Science, 2013Co-Authors: Maitane Olivares, Kepa Castro, M S Corchon, Diego Garate, Xabier Murelaga, A Sarmiento, Nestor EtxebarriaAbstract:La Pena de Candamo Cave, listed as World Heritage by UNESCO in 2008, preserves one of the most important collections of parietal art in the North of Spain and there is an urgent need to evaluate the status of the cave both archaeologically and from the conservation and restoration points of view. In this work, the usefulness of non-invasive mobile instrumentation, such as Raman and EDXRF spectroscopies, is shown when this type of assessments are required under adverse experimental conditions. In addition to the rapid diagnosis that this non-invasive and mobile instrumentation provided, based on the subsequent multivariate analysis of collected spectra, it was possible the identification of the main pigments of the Rock art as well as their different origins. Finally, this study also showed the biodeterioration and decalcification processes observed in some areas of the cave and revealed the damage suffered during decades. The effects of such decaying processes over pictorial layers show up the need of a continuous preventive control of Paintings in order to minimise further deteriorations.
