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Elizabeth V. Lonsdorf - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Role of Mothers in the Development of Complex Skills in Chimpanzees
Building Babies, 2012Co-Authors: Elizabeth V. LonsdorfAbstract:A contribution to: Developments in Primatology: Progress and Prospects: Building Babies: Proximate and Ultimate Perspectives of Primate Developmental Trajectories. Compared to other mammals, primates experience long periods of pre-reproductive dependency. During this time, they acquire an astonishing array of skills, including how to find food, how to avoid predators, and in group-living species, how to navigate complex social situations. Chimpanzees are unique among primates with regards to the number and variety of tool-assisted skills present in their behavioral repertoire. The mechanisms by which these are acquired, and the extent to which behaviors are learned remain an important area of research. Several recent studies have focused on how young chimpanzees develop complex, tool-assisted foraging techniques. These include studies of nut-cracking (reviewed in Biro et al. 2003), termite-fishing (Lonsdorf 2005), and ant-dipping (Humle et al. 2009), all of which present strong evidence that social learning plays a key Role in the development of these behaviors. The Role of Mothers in the development of these behaviors is particularly important, since chimpanzee offspring remain with their Mothers well after they have become nutritional dependent. Evidence from the field suggests that rather than actively teaching or facilitating their young, chimpanzee Mothers simply tolerate close observation, and individuals may vary in how tolerant they are. This chapter will review what is known about the Role of Mothers in the development of complex skills in both wild and captive chimpanzees and suggest new directions for future research.
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what is the Role of Mothers in the acquisition of termite fishing behaviors in wild chimpanzees pan troglodytes schweinfurthii
Animal Cognition, 2006Co-Authors: Elizabeth V. LonsdorfAbstract:This paper explores the Role of maternal influences on the acquisition of a tool-using task in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) in order to build on and complement previous work done in captivity. Young chimpanzees show a long period of offspring dependency on Mothers and it is during this period that offspring learn several important skills, especially how to and on what to forage. At Gombe National Park, one skill that is acquired during dependency is termite-fishing, a complex behavior that involves inserting a tool made from the surrounding vegetation into a termite mound and extracting the termites that attack and cling to the tool. All chimpanzees observed at Gombe have acquired the termite-fishing skill by the age of 5.5 years. Since the mother is the primary source of information throughout this time period, I investigated the influence of Mothers' individual termite-fishing characteristics on their offsprings' speed of acquisition and proficiency at the skill once acquired. Mother's time spent alone or with maternal family members, which is highly correlated to time spent termite-fishing, was positively correlated to offspring's acquisition of critical elements of the skill. I also investigated the specific types of social interactions that occur between Mothers and offspring at the termite mound and found that Mothers are highly tolerant to offspring, even when the behavior of the offspring may disrupt the termite-fishing attempt. However, no active facilitation by Mothers of offsprings' attempts were observed.
Lita Lita - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effectiveness of Toilet Training Education On Mother's Behavior And Toddler Age Toilet Training Ability (18-36 Months): EFEKTIVITAS EDUKASI TOILET TRAINING TERHADAP PERILAKU IBU DAN KEMAMPUAN TOILET TRAINING ANAK USIA TODDLER (18-36 BULAN)
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas, 2020Co-Authors: Hafiko Andresni, Zahtamal Zahtamal, Mitra Mitra, Winda Septiani, Lita LitaAbstract:ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 Mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the Role of Mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the Role of Mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.
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EFEKTIVITAS EDUKASI TOILET TRAINING TERHADAP PERILAKU IBU DAN KEMAMPUAN TOILET TRAINING ANAK USIA TODDLER (18-36 BULAN): EFEKTIVITAS EDUKASI TOILET TRAINING TERHADAP PERILAKU IBU DAN KEMAMPUAN TOILET TRAINING ANAK USIA TODDLER (18-36 BULA
'LPPM Hang Tuah Pekanbaru', 2020Co-Authors: Andresni Hafiko, Zahtamal Zahtamal, Septiani Winda, Mitra Mitra, Lita LitaAbstract:ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 Mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the Role of Mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the Role of Mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.ABSTRAK Toilet training merupakan suatu usaha untuk melatih anak agar mampu mengontrol dan melakukan buang air kecil (BAK) dan buang air besar (BAB). Toilet training merupakan salah satu tugas utama anak pada usia toddler yang mana sangat penting dilakukan untuk menciptakan kemandirian pada anak dalam mengontrok BAK dan BAB serta anak mengetahui bagian tubuh dan fungsinya. Data tahun 2012 menunjukkan ±60% orang tua tidak mengajarkan toilet training pada anak sejak dini. Tujuan penelitian diketahuinya efektivitas edukasi toilet training terhadap perilaku ibu dan kemampuan toilet training anak usia toddler (18–36 bulan). Penelitian dilakukan bulan Juli-Agustus 2018. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain Quasy Eksperimen pretest and posttest with non-equivalent control group design. Sampel sebanyak 36 ibu dan 36 anak dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan uji Paired t test, uji Wilcoxon, uji Man-Whitney dan uji Independent t. Hasil penelitian dipeRoleh bahwa pemberian edukasi toilet training melalui metode ceramah, modul dan permainan maze lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan edukasi toilet training melalui metode ceramah dan leaflet terhadap pengetahuan dan kemampuan anak. Sebaliknya, untuk peran ibu dalam pengawasan tidak ada perbedaan efektivitas yang bermakna. Disarankan pendidikan kesehatan dalam program promosi kesehatan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu, peran ibu serta kemampuan anak toilet training secara mandiri. Kata Kunci : Toilet training, metode ceramah, modul, permainan maze, leaflet, pengetahuan, peran ibu, kemampuan anak
Zahtamal Zahtamal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effectiveness of Toilet Training Education On Mother's Behavior And Toddler Age Toilet Training Ability (18-36 Months): EFEKTIVITAS EDUKASI TOILET TRAINING TERHADAP PERILAKU IBU DAN KEMAMPUAN TOILET TRAINING ANAK USIA TODDLER (18-36 BULAN)
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas, 2020Co-Authors: Hafiko Andresni, Zahtamal Zahtamal, Mitra Mitra, Winda Septiani, Lita LitaAbstract:ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 Mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the Role of Mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the Role of Mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.
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EFEKTIVITAS EDUKASI TOILET TRAINING TERHADAP PERILAKU IBU DAN KEMAMPUAN TOILET TRAINING ANAK USIA TODDLER (18-36 BULAN): EFEKTIVITAS EDUKASI TOILET TRAINING TERHADAP PERILAKU IBU DAN KEMAMPUAN TOILET TRAINING ANAK USIA TODDLER (18-36 BULA
'LPPM Hang Tuah Pekanbaru', 2020Co-Authors: Andresni Hafiko, Zahtamal Zahtamal, Septiani Winda, Mitra Mitra, Lita LitaAbstract:ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 Mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the Role of Mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the Role of Mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.ABSTRAK Toilet training merupakan suatu usaha untuk melatih anak agar mampu mengontrol dan melakukan buang air kecil (BAK) dan buang air besar (BAB). Toilet training merupakan salah satu tugas utama anak pada usia toddler yang mana sangat penting dilakukan untuk menciptakan kemandirian pada anak dalam mengontrok BAK dan BAB serta anak mengetahui bagian tubuh dan fungsinya. Data tahun 2012 menunjukkan ±60% orang tua tidak mengajarkan toilet training pada anak sejak dini. Tujuan penelitian diketahuinya efektivitas edukasi toilet training terhadap perilaku ibu dan kemampuan toilet training anak usia toddler (18–36 bulan). Penelitian dilakukan bulan Juli-Agustus 2018. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain Quasy Eksperimen pretest and posttest with non-equivalent control group design. Sampel sebanyak 36 ibu dan 36 anak dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan uji Paired t test, uji Wilcoxon, uji Man-Whitney dan uji Independent t. Hasil penelitian dipeRoleh bahwa pemberian edukasi toilet training melalui metode ceramah, modul dan permainan maze lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan edukasi toilet training melalui metode ceramah dan leaflet terhadap pengetahuan dan kemampuan anak. Sebaliknya, untuk peran ibu dalam pengawasan tidak ada perbedaan efektivitas yang bermakna. Disarankan pendidikan kesehatan dalam program promosi kesehatan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu, peran ibu serta kemampuan anak toilet training secara mandiri. Kata Kunci : Toilet training, metode ceramah, modul, permainan maze, leaflet, pengetahuan, peran ibu, kemampuan anak
Mitra Mitra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effectiveness of Toilet Training Education On Mother's Behavior And Toddler Age Toilet Training Ability (18-36 Months): EFEKTIVITAS EDUKASI TOILET TRAINING TERHADAP PERILAKU IBU DAN KEMAMPUAN TOILET TRAINING ANAK USIA TODDLER (18-36 BULAN)
Jurnal Kesehatan Komunitas, 2020Co-Authors: Hafiko Andresni, Zahtamal Zahtamal, Mitra Mitra, Winda Septiani, Lita LitaAbstract:ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 Mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the Role of Mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the Role of Mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.
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EFEKTIVITAS EDUKASI TOILET TRAINING TERHADAP PERILAKU IBU DAN KEMAMPUAN TOILET TRAINING ANAK USIA TODDLER (18-36 BULAN): EFEKTIVITAS EDUKASI TOILET TRAINING TERHADAP PERILAKU IBU DAN KEMAMPUAN TOILET TRAINING ANAK USIA TODDLER (18-36 BULA
'LPPM Hang Tuah Pekanbaru', 2020Co-Authors: Andresni Hafiko, Zahtamal Zahtamal, Septiani Winda, Mitra Mitra, Lita LitaAbstract:ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 Mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the Role of Mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the Role of Mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.ABSTRAK Toilet training merupakan suatu usaha untuk melatih anak agar mampu mengontrol dan melakukan buang air kecil (BAK) dan buang air besar (BAB). Toilet training merupakan salah satu tugas utama anak pada usia toddler yang mana sangat penting dilakukan untuk menciptakan kemandirian pada anak dalam mengontrok BAK dan BAB serta anak mengetahui bagian tubuh dan fungsinya. Data tahun 2012 menunjukkan ±60% orang tua tidak mengajarkan toilet training pada anak sejak dini. Tujuan penelitian diketahuinya efektivitas edukasi toilet training terhadap perilaku ibu dan kemampuan toilet training anak usia toddler (18–36 bulan). Penelitian dilakukan bulan Juli-Agustus 2018. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif menggunakan desain Quasy Eksperimen pretest and posttest with non-equivalent control group design. Sampel sebanyak 36 ibu dan 36 anak dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan uji Paired t test, uji Wilcoxon, uji Man-Whitney dan uji Independent t. Hasil penelitian dipeRoleh bahwa pemberian edukasi toilet training melalui metode ceramah, modul dan permainan maze lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan edukasi toilet training melalui metode ceramah dan leaflet terhadap pengetahuan dan kemampuan anak. Sebaliknya, untuk peran ibu dalam pengawasan tidak ada perbedaan efektivitas yang bermakna. Disarankan pendidikan kesehatan dalam program promosi kesehatan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu, peran ibu serta kemampuan anak toilet training secara mandiri. Kata Kunci : Toilet training, metode ceramah, modul, permainan maze, leaflet, pengetahuan, peran ibu, kemampuan anak
Tetsuro Matsuzawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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social influences on ant dipping acquisition in the wild chimpanzees pan troglodytes verus of bossou guinea west africa
Animal Cognition, 2009Co-Authors: Tatyana Humle, Charles T Snowdon, Tetsuro MatsuzawaAbstract:We currently have little understanding of the influence of learning opportunity, whether social or environmental, and maternal Role on tool-use acquisition in young wild chimpanzees. This study aims to fill this gap by focusing on the acquisition of ant-dipping among chimpanzees of Bossou, Guinea. Ant-dipping is a hazardous tool-use behaviour aimed at army ants (Dorylus spp.). Bossou chimpanzees target these ants both at nests (high risk) and trails (low risk) and employ two techniques to consume them: direct mouthing and pull-through. We present data for 13 mother–offspring pairs (1–10 years old). Mothers with young ≤5 years old dipped significantly more often at trails than at nests, thus minimizing the risk posed to themselves and their young. Infants thus benefited from better conditions to observe and practice ant-dipping. Mothers also varied greatly in their percent time spent ant-dipping and offspring differed in their learning opportunity. Our results suggest that high opportunity young started to observe and perform ant-dipping sooner and were better at ant-dipping than low opportunity young. Although Mothers and weaned offspring correlated positively in their percent time spent dipping and proficiency, they did not match in technique used or tool length. Finally, we propose that the learning trajectory of young may predict individual and sex differences in adulthood. This study demonstrates the important Role of Mothers and learning opportunity in the acquisition of a hazardous tool-use behaviour and suggests that chimpanzee material culture is a product of a complex interaction between social processes and ecological factors.
