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Yang Chai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ror2 mediated non canonical wnt signaling regulates cdc42 and cell proliferation during tooth Root Development
Development, 2021Co-Authors: Junjun Jing, Jifan Feng, Quan Wen, Xia Han, Yuan Yuan, Shuo Chen, Yang ChaiAbstract:The control of size and shape is an important part of regulatory process during organogenesis. Tooth formation is a highly complex process that fine-tunes the size and shape of the tooth, which are crucial for its physiological functions. Each tooth consists of a crown and one or more Roots. Despite comprehensive knowledge of the mechanism that regulates early tooth crown Development, we have limited understanding of the mechanism regulating Root patterning and size during Development. Here, we show that Ror2-mediated non-canonical Wnt signaling in the dental mesenchyme plays a crucial role in cell proliferation, and thereby regulates Root Development size in mouse molars. Furthermore, Cdc42 acts as a potential downstream mediator of Ror2 signaling in Root formation. Importantly, activation of Cdc42 can restore cell proliferation and partially rescue the Root Development size defects in Ror2 mutant mice. Collectively, our findings provide novel insights into the function of Ror2-mediated non-canonical Wnt signaling in regulating tooth morphogenesis, and suggest potential avenues for dental tissue engineering.
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runx2 regulates mouse tooth Root Development via activation of wnt inhibitor notum
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2020Co-Authors: Jifan Feng, Quan Wen, Junjun Jing, Xia Han, Yuan Yuan, Shuo Chen, Yang ChaiAbstract:Progenitor cells are crucial in controlling organ morphogenesis. Tooth Development is a well-established model for investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate organogenesis. Despite advances in our understanding of how tooth crown formation is regulated, we have limited understanding of tooth Root Development. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is a well-known transcription factor in osteogenic differentiation and early tooth Development. However, the function of RUNX2 during tooth Root formation remains unknown. We revealed in this study that RUNX2 is expressed in a subpopulation of GLI1+ Root progenitor cells, and that loss of Runx2 in these GLI1+ progenitor cells and their progeny results in Root Developmental defects. Our results provide in vivo evidence that Runx2 plays a crucial role in tooth Root Development and in regulating the differentiation of Root progenitor cells. Furthermore, we identified that Gli1, Pcp4, NOTUM, and Sfrp2 are downstream targets of Runx2 by integrating bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses. Specifically, ablation of Runx2 results in downregulation of WNT inhibitor NOTUM and upregulation of canonical WNT signaling in the odontoblastic site, which disturbs normal odontoblastic differentiation. Significantly, exogenous NOTUM partially rescues the impaired Root Development in Runx2 mutant molars. Collectively, our studies elucidate how Runx2 achieves functional specificity in regulating the Development of diverse organs and yields new insights into the network that regulates tooth Root Development. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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cellular and molecular mechanisms of tooth Root Development
Development, 2017Co-Authors: Carolina Parada, Jingyuan Li, Yang ChaiAbstract:The tooth Root is an integral, functionally important part of our dentition. The formation of a functional Root depends on epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and integration of the Root with the jaw bone, blood supply and nerve innervations. The Root Development process therefore offers an attractive model for investigating organogenesis. Understanding how Roots develop and how they can be bioengineered is also of great interest in the field of regenerative medicine. Here, we discuss recent advances in understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying tooth Root formation. We review the function of cellular structure and components such as Hertwig's epithelial Root sheath, cranial neural crest cells and stem cells residing in developing and adult teeth. We also highlight how complex signaling networks together with multiple transcription factors mediate tissue-tissue interactions that guide Root Development. Finally, we discuss the possible role of stem cells in establishing the crown-to-Root transition, and provide an overview of Root malformations and diseases in humans.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE An Nfic-hedgehog signaling cascade regulates tooth Root Development
2016Co-Authors: Yang Liu, Jifan Feng, Hu Zhao, Yang ChaiAbstract:Coordination between the Hertwig’s epithelial Root sheath (HERS) and apical papilla (AP) is crucial for proper tooth Root Development. The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway and Nfic are both involved in tooth Root Development; however, their relationship has yet to be elucidated. Here, we establish a timecourse of mouse molar Root Development by histological staining of sections, and we demonstrate that Hh signaling is active before and during Root Development in the AP and HERS using Gli1 reporter mice. The proper pattern of Hh signaling activity in the AP is crucial for the proliferation of dental mesenchymal cells, because either inhibition with Hh inhibitors or constitutive activation of Hh signaling activity in transgenic mice leads to decreased proliferation in the AP and shorter Roots. Moreover, Hh activity is elevated in Nfic−/−mice, a Root defect model, whereas RNA sequencing and in situ hybridization show that the Hh attenuatorHhip is downregulated. ChIP and RNAscope analyses suggest that Nfic binds to the promoter region of Hhip. Treatment of Nfic−/ − mice with Hh inhibitor partially restores cell proliferation, AP growth and Root Development. Taken together, our results demonstrate that an Nfic-Hhip-Hh signaling pathway is crucial for apical papilla growth and proper Root formation. This discovery provides insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating tooth Root Development
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an nfic hedgehog signaling cascade regulates tooth Root Development
Development, 2015Co-Authors: Jifan Feng, Thachvu Ho, Jingyuan Li, Hu Zhao, Yang ChaiAbstract:Coordination between the Hertwig9s epithelial Root sheath (HERS) and apical papilla (AP) is crucial for proper tooth Root Development. The hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway and Nfic are both involved in tooth Root Development; however, their relationship has yet to be elucidated. Here, we establish a timecourse of mouse molar Root Development by histological staining of sections, and we demonstrate that Hh signaling is active before and during Root Development in the AP and HERS using Gli1 reporter mice. The proper pattern of Hh signaling activity in the AP is crucial for the proliferation of dental mesenchymal cells, because either inhibition with Hh inhibitors or constitutive activation of Hh signaling activity in transgenic mice leads to decreased proliferation in the AP and shorter Roots. Moreover, Hh activity is elevated in Nfic −/− mice, a Root defect model, whereas RNA sequencing and in situ hybridization show that the Hh attenuator Hhip is downregulated. ChIP and RNAscope analyses suggest that Nfic binds to the promoter region of Hhip . Treatment of Nfic −/− mice with Hh inhibitor partially restores cell proliferation, AP growth and Root Development. Taken together, our results demonstrate that an Nfic - Hhip -Hh signaling pathway is crucial for apical papilla growth and proper Root formation. This discovery provides insight into the molecular mechanisms regulating tooth Root Development.
Dao-xiu Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transcriptional regulatory network of wox11 is involved in the control of crown Root Development cytokinin signals and redox in rice
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Wei Jiang, Shaoli Zhou, Dao-xiu Zhou, Qian Zhang, Huazhi Song, Yu ZhaoAbstract:The rice Root system is mainly composed of post-embryonic shoot-borne Roots called crown Roots. WOX11, encoding a WUSCHEL-related homeobox domain transcription factor, is a key regulator of crown Root growth and Development in rice (Oryza sativa. L). In addition to specifically activating crown Root Development, WOX11 is also involved in lateral Root initiation, Root hair formation, and abiotic stresses. However, the gene regulatory network downstream of WOX11 remains largely unknown. Here, we studied the transcriptome of wox11 Root tips by RNA-Seq and determined direct WOX11-binding targets by bioinformatic and biochemical analysis. The transcriptomic analysis revealed 664 differentially expressed genes, which covered a wide range of functions related to Root Development, cytokinin homeostasis/signaling, stress response, and redox metabolic processes. Bioinformatic analysis also revealed that the WOX11-binding motif was distributed over 41% (273/664) of the differentially expressed genes, and was mostly enriched in the promoter and intron regions. We used qRT-PCR and/or in situ hybridization to confirm co-expression of some of the WOX11-regulated genes in crown Root Development. We also used electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation with anti-WOX11 antibody to validate direct regulation of these genes by WOX11. The analysis identified several genes that acted downstream of WOX11 in controlling crown Root formation, cytokinin signaling, stress response, and redox metabolism. This work built a hierarchical regulatory model of WOX11 in rice crown Root Development.
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The Interaction between Rice ERF3 and WOX11 Promotes Crown Root Development by Regulating Gene Expression Involved in Cytokinin Signaling
The Plant Cell, 2015Co-Authors: Yu Zhao, Saifeng Cheng, Yaling Song, Shaoli Zhou, Yulan Huang, Dao-xiu ZhouAbstract:Crown Roots are the main components of the fibrous Root system in rice (Oryza sativa). WOX11, a WUSCHEL-related homeobox gene specifically expressed in the emerging crown Root meristem, is a key regulator in crown Root Development. However, the nature of WOX11 function in crown Root Development has remained elusive. Here, we identified a rice AP2/ERF protein, ERF3, which interacts with WOX11 and was expressed in crown Root initials and during crown Root growth. Functional analysis revealed that ERF3 was essential for crown Root Development and acts in auxin- and cytokinin-responsive gene expression. Downregulation of ERF3 in wox11 mutants produced a more severe Root phenotype. Also, increased expression of ERF3 could partially complement wox11, indicating that the two genes functioned cooperatively to regulate crown Root Development. ERF3 and WOX11 shared a common target, the cytokinin-responsive gene RR2. The expression of ERF3 and WOX11 only partially overlapped, underlining a spatio-temporal control of RR2 expression and crown Root Development. Furthermore, ERF3-regulated RR2 expression was involved in crown Root initiation, while the ERF3/WOX11 interaction likely repressed RR2 during crown Root elongation. These results define a mechanism regulating gene expression involved in cytokinin signaling during different stages of crown Root Development in rice.
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The WUSCHEL-Related Homeobox Gene WOX11 Is Required to Activate Shoot-Borne Crown Root Development in Rice
The Plant Cell, 2009Co-Authors: Yu Zhao, Yongfeng Hu, Limin Huang, Dao-xiu ZhouAbstract:In rice (Oryza sativa), the shoot-borne crown Roots are the major Root type and are initiated at lower stem nodes as part of normal plant Development. However, the regulatory mechanism of crown Root Development is poorly understood. In this work, we show that a WUSCHEL-related Homeobox (WOX) gene, WOX11, is involved in the activation of crown Root emergence and growth. WOX11 was found to be expressed in emerging crown Roots and later in cell division regions of the Root meristem. The expression could be induced by exogenous auxin or cytokinin. Loss-of-function mutation or downregulation of the gene reduced the number and the growth rate of crown Roots, whereas overexpression of the gene induced precocious crown Root growth and dramatically increased the Root biomass by producing crown Roots at the upper stem nodes and the base of florets. The expressions of auxin- and cytokinin-responsive genes were affected in WOX11 overexpression and RNA interference transgenic plants. Further analysis showed that WOX11 directly repressed RR2, a type-A cytokinin-responsive regulator gene that was found to be expressed in crown Root primordia. The results suggest that WOX11 may be an integrator of auxin and cytokinin signaling that feeds into RR2 to regulate cell proliferation during crown Root Development.
Emmanuel Geoffriau - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes during carrot Root Development
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2008Co-Authors: Jerémy Clotault, Didier Peltier, Romain Berruyer, Mathieu Thomas, Mathilde Briard, Emmanuel GeoffriauAbstract:Carotenogenesis has been extensively studied in fruits and flower petals. Transcriptional regulation is thought to be the major factor in carotenoid accumulation in these organs. However, little is known about regulation in Root organs. The Root carotenoid content of carrot germplasm varies widely. The present study was conducted to investigate transcriptional regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in relation to carotenoid accumulation during early carrot Root Development and up to 3 months after sowing. HPLC carotenoid content analysis and quantitative RT-PCR were compared to quantify the expression of eight genes encoding carotenoid biosynthesis enzymes during the Development of white, yellow, orange, and red carrot Roots. The genes chosen encode phytoene synthase (PSY1 and PSY2), phytoene desaturase (PDS), z-carotene desaturase (ZDS1 and ZDS2), lycopene e-cyclase (LCYE), lycopene b-cyclase (LCYB1), and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP). All eight genes were expressed in the white cultivar even though it did not contain carotenoids. By contrast with fruit maturation, the expression of carotenogenic genes began during the early stages of Development and then progressively increased for most of these genes during Root Development as the total carotenoid level increased in coloured carrots. The high expression of genes encoding LCYE and ZDS noted in yellow and red cultivars, respectively, might be consistent with the accumulation of lutein and lycopene, respectively. The results showed that the accumulation of total carotenoids during Development and the accumulation of major carotenoids in the red and yellow cultivars might partially be explained by the transcriptional level of genes directing the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.
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Expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes during carrot Root Development.
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2008Co-Authors: Jerémy Clotault, Didier Peltier, Romain Berruyer, Mathieu Thomas, Mathilde Briard, Emmanuel GeoffriauAbstract:Carotenogenesis has been extensively studied in fruits and flower petals. Transcriptional regulation is thought to be the major factor in carotenoid accumulation in these organs. However, little is known about regulation in Root organs. The Root carotenoid content of carrot germplasm varies widely. The present study was conducted to investigate transcriptional regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis genes in relation to carotenoid accumulation during early carrot Root Development and up to 3 months after sowing. HPLC carotenoid content analysis and quantitative RT-PCR were compared to quantify the expression of eight genes encoding carotenoid biosynthesis enzymes during the Development of white, yellow, orange, and red carrot Roots. The genes chosen encode phytoene synthase (PSY1 and PSY2), phytoene desaturase (PDS), zeta-carotene desaturase (ZDS1 and ZDS2), lycopene epsilon-cyclase (LCYE), lycopene beta-cyclase (LCYB1), and zeaxanthin epoxidase (ZEP). All eight genes were expressed in the white cultivar even though it did not contain carotenoids. By contrast with fruit maturation, the expression of carotenogenic genes began during the early stages of Development and then progressively increased for most of these genes during Root Development as the total carotenoid level increased in coloured carrots. The high expression of genes encoding LCYE and ZDS noted in yellow and red cultivars, respectively, might be consistent with the accumulation of lutein and lycopene, respectively. The results showed that the accumulation of total carotenoids during Development and the accumulation of major carotenoids in the red and yellow cultivars might partially be explained by the transcriptional level of genes directing the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway.
Yu Zhao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transcriptional regulatory network of wox11 is involved in the control of crown Root Development cytokinin signals and redox in rice
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2017Co-Authors: Wei Jiang, Shaoli Zhou, Dao-xiu Zhou, Qian Zhang, Huazhi Song, Yu ZhaoAbstract:The rice Root system is mainly composed of post-embryonic shoot-borne Roots called crown Roots. WOX11, encoding a WUSCHEL-related homeobox domain transcription factor, is a key regulator of crown Root growth and Development in rice (Oryza sativa. L). In addition to specifically activating crown Root Development, WOX11 is also involved in lateral Root initiation, Root hair formation, and abiotic stresses. However, the gene regulatory network downstream of WOX11 remains largely unknown. Here, we studied the transcriptome of wox11 Root tips by RNA-Seq and determined direct WOX11-binding targets by bioinformatic and biochemical analysis. The transcriptomic analysis revealed 664 differentially expressed genes, which covered a wide range of functions related to Root Development, cytokinin homeostasis/signaling, stress response, and redox metabolic processes. Bioinformatic analysis also revealed that the WOX11-binding motif was distributed over 41% (273/664) of the differentially expressed genes, and was mostly enriched in the promoter and intron regions. We used qRT-PCR and/or in situ hybridization to confirm co-expression of some of the WOX11-regulated genes in crown Root Development. We also used electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation with anti-WOX11 antibody to validate direct regulation of these genes by WOX11. The analysis identified several genes that acted downstream of WOX11 in controlling crown Root formation, cytokinin signaling, stress response, and redox metabolism. This work built a hierarchical regulatory model of WOX11 in rice crown Root Development.
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The Interaction between Rice ERF3 and WOX11 Promotes Crown Root Development by Regulating Gene Expression Involved in Cytokinin Signaling
The Plant Cell, 2015Co-Authors: Yu Zhao, Saifeng Cheng, Yaling Song, Shaoli Zhou, Yulan Huang, Dao-xiu ZhouAbstract:Crown Roots are the main components of the fibrous Root system in rice (Oryza sativa). WOX11, a WUSCHEL-related homeobox gene specifically expressed in the emerging crown Root meristem, is a key regulator in crown Root Development. However, the nature of WOX11 function in crown Root Development has remained elusive. Here, we identified a rice AP2/ERF protein, ERF3, which interacts with WOX11 and was expressed in crown Root initials and during crown Root growth. Functional analysis revealed that ERF3 was essential for crown Root Development and acts in auxin- and cytokinin-responsive gene expression. Downregulation of ERF3 in wox11 mutants produced a more severe Root phenotype. Also, increased expression of ERF3 could partially complement wox11, indicating that the two genes functioned cooperatively to regulate crown Root Development. ERF3 and WOX11 shared a common target, the cytokinin-responsive gene RR2. The expression of ERF3 and WOX11 only partially overlapped, underlining a spatio-temporal control of RR2 expression and crown Root Development. Furthermore, ERF3-regulated RR2 expression was involved in crown Root initiation, while the ERF3/WOX11 interaction likely repressed RR2 during crown Root elongation. These results define a mechanism regulating gene expression involved in cytokinin signaling during different stages of crown Root Development in rice.
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The WUSCHEL-Related Homeobox Gene WOX11 Is Required to Activate Shoot-Borne Crown Root Development in Rice
The Plant Cell, 2009Co-Authors: Yu Zhao, Yongfeng Hu, Limin Huang, Dao-xiu ZhouAbstract:In rice (Oryza sativa), the shoot-borne crown Roots are the major Root type and are initiated at lower stem nodes as part of normal plant Development. However, the regulatory mechanism of crown Root Development is poorly understood. In this work, we show that a WUSCHEL-related Homeobox (WOX) gene, WOX11, is involved in the activation of crown Root emergence and growth. WOX11 was found to be expressed in emerging crown Roots and later in cell division regions of the Root meristem. The expression could be induced by exogenous auxin or cytokinin. Loss-of-function mutation or downregulation of the gene reduced the number and the growth rate of crown Roots, whereas overexpression of the gene induced precocious crown Root growth and dramatically increased the Root biomass by producing crown Roots at the upper stem nodes and the base of florets. The expressions of auxin- and cytokinin-responsive genes were affected in WOX11 overexpression and RNA interference transgenic plants. Further analysis showed that WOX11 directly repressed RR2, a type-A cytokinin-responsive regulator gene that was found to be expressed in crown Root primordia. The results suggest that WOX11 may be an integrator of auxin and cytokinin signaling that feeds into RR2 to regulate cell proliferation during crown Root Development.
Sheng Luan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cle like clel peptides control the pattern of Root growth and lateral Root Development in arabidopsis
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012Co-Authors: Ling Meng, Lewis J Feldman, Bob B. Buchanan, Sheng LuanAbstract:CLE peptides, named for the CLV3/ESR-related peptide family, participate in intercellular-signaling pathways. Here we investigated members of the CLE-like (CLEL) gene family that encode peptide precursors recently designated as Root growth factors [Matsuzaki Y et al. (2010) Science 329:1065–1067]. CLEL precursors share a similar domain structure with CLE precursors (i.e., they contain a putative N-terminal signal peptide and a C-terminal conserved 13-amino-acid CLEL motif with a variable middle portion). Our evidence shows that, unlike Root growth factor, CLEL peptides are (i) unmodified and (ii) function in the regulation of the direction of Root growth and lateral Root Development. Overexpression of several CLEL genes in Arabidopsis resulted in either long Roots or long and wavy Roots that also showed altered lateral Root patterning. Exogenous application of unmodified synthetic 13-amino-acid peptides derived from two CLEL motifs resulted in similar phenotypic changes in Roots of wild-type plants. In CLEL peptide-induced long Roots, the Root apical meristem (RAM) was enlarged and consisted of an increased number of cells, compared with wild-type Root apical meristems. The wavy-Root phenotype appeared to be independent of other responses of the Roots to the environment (e.g., gravitropism, phototropism, and thigmotropism). Results also showed that the inhibition of lateral initiation by CLEL overexpression was not overcome by the application of auxin. These findings establish CLEL as a peptide family with previously unrecognized regulatory functions controlling the pattern of Root growth and lateral Root Development in plants.
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cle like clel peptides control the pattern of Root growth and lateral Root Development in arabidopsis
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012Co-Authors: Ling Meng, Lewis J Feldman, Bob B. Buchanan, Sheng LuanAbstract:CLE peptides, named for the CLV3/ESR-related peptide family, participate in intercellular-signaling pathways. Here we investigated members of the CLE-like (CLEL) gene family that encode peptide precursors recently designated as Root growth factors [Matsuzaki Y et al. (2010) Science 329:1065–1067]. CLEL precursors share a similar domain structure with CLE precursors (i.e., they contain a putative N-terminal signal peptide and a C-terminal conserved 13-amino-acid CLEL motif with a variable middle portion). Our evidence shows that, unlike Root growth factor, CLEL peptides are (i) unmodified and (ii) function in the regulation of the direction of Root growth and lateral Root Development. Overexpression of several CLEL genes in Arabidopsis resulted in either long Roots or long and wavy Roots that also showed altered lateral Root patterning. Exogenous application of unmodified synthetic 13-amino-acid peptides derived from two CLEL motifs resulted in similar phenotypic changes in Roots of wild-type plants. In CLEL peptide-induced long Roots, the Root apical meristem (RAM) was enlarged and consisted of an increased number of cells, compared with wild-type Root apical meristems. The wavy-Root phenotype appeared to be independent of other responses of the Roots to the environment (e.g., gravitropism, phototropism, and thigmotropism). Results also showed that the inhibition of lateral initiation by CLEL overexpression was not overcome by the application of auxin. These findings establish CLEL as a peptide family with previously unrecognized regulatory functions controlling the pattern of Root growth and lateral Root Development in plants.
