The Experts below are selected from a list of 8847 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gyung Soo Jeon - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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On characterizing microscopically the adhesion interphase for the adhesion between metal and Rubber Compound part I. Effect of hexamethoxymethylmelamine in Rubber Compound
Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2013Co-Authors: Gyung Soo JeonAbstract:The adhesion between hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM)-containing Rubber Compounds and brass-plated steel cords was studied to understand the role of HMMM as an adhesion promoter. No improvement in adhesion after cure was shown with loading of HMMM in the range 1.3–5.2 phr, while enhancement of adhesion retention after humidity aging was observed with loading of HMMM in the range 1.3–5.2 phr. The adhesion interphase between the brass-plated steel cord and the Rubber Compound subjected to humidity-aging treatment showed using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) stabilized depth profile by HMMM incorporation as loading of HMMM, resulting in enhancement of adhesion retention.
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Influence of Cobalt Salt in Rubber Compound on the Adhesion Interphase for Adhesion to Brass-Plated Steel Cord
2007Co-Authors: Gyung Soo JeonAbstract:INTRODUCTION Adhesion of Rubber to brass-plated steel cord is of paramount importance in steel belted tires. Brassplated steel cords inserted in the belt and carcass of tires has long been used as a reinforcing material to provide a sufficient mechanical strength and stability to endure cars themselves and their loads. Brass plating on the surface of steel cords reacts with sulfur in the Rubber Compound during the curing process of tire manufacturing, forming an adhesion interphase between the Rubber Compound and the steel cord. Copper and zinc also react with oxygen and water in the Rubber, forming oxides and hydroxides of copper and zinc. Therefore, the adhesion interphase is very complex in terms of components and content, so good adhesion can be achieved when the adhesion interphase is formed with a sufficient thickness and a stable structure. The major components of the adhesion interphase are sulfides, oxides and hydroxides of copper and zinc [1]. Adhesion becomes weak when copper sulfide is not sufficiently grown in the interphase, but the excessive growth of copper sulfide or zinc oxide brings about their own cohesive failures. Thus the optimum growth of copper sulfide is essential to form a large contact interface between the Rubber and the brass, resulting in good adhesion. Several Compounds such as cobalt salt [2], resorcinol formaldehyde resin, and methylene donors are commercially used as adhesion promoters to enhance the migration of copper, forming the necessary amount of copper sulfide in the adhesion interphase. They are used either individually or simultaneously in the Rubber Compounds. Cobalt salt has been used as an adhesion promoter in the Rubber Compounds to accelerate the activation of sulfur in the interphase by inducing formation of an adequate copper sulfide layer, thus making better adhesion possible [3]. However, an adverse effect is observed for Rubber Compounds with high levels of cobalt salt, or after humidity aging, due to the formation of an excessive copper sulfide layer which is prone to cohesive failure. A moderate diffusion of copper into Rubber, due to the interaction of cobalt salt with copper, may be The pull-out force and coverage of the Rubber Compound incorporating cobalt salt were compared to those of a cobalt salt-free Rubber Compound. The influences of humidity aging as well as cobalt salt concentration on the adhesion property of cobalt salt-containing Rubber Compounds were also investigated.
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Adhesion between Rubber Compounds and ternary-alloy-coated steel cords. Part II: Effects of sulfur and cobalt salt in Rubber Compounds
Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Gyung Soo Jeon, Seung Won Jeong, Ung Il Kang, Seok Ju Choi, Seok Ho KimAbstract:The adhesion properties between Rubber Compounds with different amounts of cobalt salt and sulfur and ternary-alloy-coated steel cord with 2 wt% cobalt plating amount were investigated to understand the effects of cobalt salt and sulfur in Rubber Compounds on their adhesion characteristics to the ternary-alloy-coated steel cord. The adhesion properties of the Rubber Compounds to ternary-alloy-coated steel cord were largely dependent on the amounts of both cobalt salt and sulfur in the Rubber Compounds. The pull-out force of adhesion sample increased significantly with increasing concentration of cobalt salt in the Rubber Compound with constant sulfur loading, while it decreased slightly with increasing sulfur into the Rubber Compound with constant cobalt salt loading. Adhesion retention after various hostile aging treatments improved in the Rubber Compounds incorporating both cobalt salt and high loading of sulfur. The interphases between the Rubber Compounds and the ternary-alloy-coated steel cord studie...
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Effect of cure rate of Rubber Compound on the adhesion to copper-plated steel cord
Journal of Adhesion, 2003Co-Authors: Gyung Soo Jeon, Seung Won JeongAbstract:Copper-plated steel cord was prepared and its adhesion properties to Rubber Compounds, which have different loading amounts of both sulfur and accelerator, were examined in comparison with brass-plated steel cord. The lower pullout force of copper-plated steel cord to the Rubber Compounds was shown compared with brass-plated steel cord. The copper-plated steel cord showed higher adhesion retention to Rubber Compounds than brass-plated steel cord against various hostile environments. The stability against both humidity aging and thermal aging, and the cause for the high adhesion retention of the copper-plated steel cord to Rubber Compounds, were discussed compared with those of the brass-plated steel cord. The pullout force of copper-plated steel cord to Rubber Compound is inversely correlated with cure rate after various aging treatments.
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Boric acid ester as an adhesion promoter for Rubber Compounds to brass-plated steel cord
Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology, 2003Co-Authors: Gyung Soo JeonAbstract:The adhesion between a boric acid ester (BAE) containing Rubber Compound and a brassplated steel cord was investigated to understand the role of BAE as an adhesion promoter. An improvement in adhesion was shown with the low loading of BAE in the range 0.5-1 phr, while significant decline of adhesion was not observed with high loading at 2 phr and a long aging time of 15 days. The interphase between the brass plated steel cord and the Rubber Compound studied using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) showed a stabilized adhesion interphase by BAE incorporation, resulting in the enhancement of the adhesion retention.
Feng Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the research for structural characteristics and modification mechanism of crumb Rubber Compound modified asphalts
Construction and Building Materials, 2015Co-Authors: Feng ZhangAbstract:Abstract The crumb Rubber (CR) Compound modified asphalt with improved tenacity and high- or low-temperature properties was prepared by the addition of styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) and the stability of CR/SBS-modified (CRSM) asphalt was improved by the addition of sulfur. Rheological testing demonstrated the improved high-temperature performance of modified binders and indicated the susceptibility of vulcanizated binder to dynamic shear. Morphology observation showed the compatibility between CR and asphalt was improved greatly by vulcanization or ageing. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis showed the characteristics and distribution of the major functional groups of modified asphalt before and after ageing. In thermal analysis, DSC curve showed the effect of ageing and modifier on the molecule weight distribution and constituents of asphalt. The thermal stability and susceptibility of each binder to thermal decomposition were evaluated by using TG and DTG curves, which indicated the structural characteristics of binder and demonstrated the conclusion drawn by DSC analysis further.
Suresh C Ameta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characterisation of eco friendly processing aids for Rubber Compound part ii
Polymer Testing, 2008Co-Authors: S Dasgupta, S L Agrawal, Samar Bandyopadhyay, Sugata Chakraborty, Rabindra Mukhopadhyay, R K Malkani, Suresh C AmetaAbstract:According to the KEMI report, products with polycyclic aromatic Compounds, PCA, levels exceeding 3% by weight must be labelled. The report pointed out that worn tyre tread material was being spread on the roadsides, introducing high amounts of PCA into the environment. PCA is having toxic effects on aquatic organisms. Polyaromatic-hydrocarbon-rich extender oils are to be banned by December 2009, which gives rise to challenges for the oil and Rubber industries. In the present work, 10 types of naturally occurring oils and six types of petroleum-based oils were characterised in natural-Rubber-based truck tyre tread cap Compound. Compounds made with some of the naturally occurring oils showed better mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties.
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characterization of eco friendly processing aids for Rubber Compound
Polymer Testing, 2007Co-Authors: S Dasgupta, S L Agrawal, Samar Bandyopadhyay, Sugata Chakraborty, Rabindra Mukhopadhyay, R K Malkani, Suresh C AmetaAbstract:Abstract Polyaromatic hydrocarbon-rich extender oils are to be banned by December 2009 which gives rise to challenges for the oil and Rubber industries. In the present work, 10 types of naturally occurring oils and six types of petroleum-based oils were characterized for chemical and physical properties. The effect of these process oils in natural Rubber-based truck-tyre tread cap Compound was also studied. Some of the naturally occurring oils showed better processing properties, polymer–filler interaction and dispersion properties.
Roman Čermák - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The effect of ZnO modification on Rubber Compound properties
2011Co-Authors: Jakub Kadlcak, Ivo Kuritka, P. Konecny, Roman ČermákAbstract:This work paper evaluates the influence of modified zinc oxide (ZnO) particles on different Rubber Compound properties. Considering that ZnO is the most widely used activator of vulcanization its function, influence on the vulcanization rate, and its influence on the final Rubber product properties were analyzed. Based on the actual tendency to minimize the level of ZnO in Rubber Compounds because of its toxicity for aquatic organisms, the new promising method of modification is introduced. The experiment itself was divided into three main parts. In the first stage, ZnO particles were treated and zinc complex was synthesized. Secondly, different types of vulcanization activators were incorporated into the Rubber Compounds. In the final step, process and material properties were measured.
Carlos Eugenio Boschetti - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Strategy for the optimization of a Rubber Compound with soybean oil using design of experiments
2018Co-Authors: Pablo Ernesto Salvatori, Gastón Rubén Sánchez, Aldo Gabriel Lombardi, Esteban José Nicocia, Carlos Eugenio BoschettiAbstract:ABSTRACT When a Rubber component is made, is necessary to start from a “Rubber Compound” which may be composed of one or more polymers and various additives or fillers. The development of an elastomer mixture to produce a Compound with a specific end-use is complicated in the field of Rubber technology. Therefore, the successful development of a Compound requires a systematic work, being crucial to use a statistical design of experiments (DoE). By implementing the DoE, the variables for the system under investigation should be selected; i.e., the observed or measured variables (responses, Compound properties to be controlled) and the independent variables describing the system (the ingredients and amounts in the formulation of the Compound). The purpose of the DoE is to specify the value of the independent variables, as well as to select the appropriate response. The DoE strategy was already tested using two grades of E-SBR Rubber (emulsion styrene-butadiene), E-SBR 1712, E-SBR 1721 and a BR Rubber (polybutadiene) high-cis, in order to find a mixture of the three with properties comparable to those of a high performance tire. In this paper we will show the use of the DoE strategy working with the extender oil added to the Compound. A mixture of three types of oils, two petrochemical oils (Pq1 and Pq2) and soybean oil are used, seeking to maximize the amount of the latter. The tested properties are those related to features required for the tread of a tire: the glass transition temperature (Tg); the ratio between the viscous modulus and the elastic modulus (tanδ@60°C); the Mooney Viscosity and the tensile-elongation properties. The values obtained for each measured property were fit to statistically significant models, yielding response surfaces for the properties. The surfaces are combined in the desirability function, where values are set for each property and under the condition that the amount of soybean oil is maximum in the mixture. Applying this desirability function, it was possible to predict the optimal composition of oils (3.17 pHq of oil Pq1, 5.90 pHR of oil Pq2 and 7.86 pHR of soybean oil) to be added to the Compound to achieve the desired properties. The successful experimental validation of the proposed models shows the ability of DoE as a useful strategy for the optimization of properties in a Rubber Compound with complex formulation.
