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Gregory A Poland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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associations between snps in candidate immune relevant genes and Rubella antibody levels a multigenic assessment
BMC Immunology, 2010Co-Authors: Shane V Pankratz, Robert A Vierkant, Megan M Obyrne, Inna G Ovsyannikova, Gregory A PolandAbstract:The mechanisms of immune response are structured within a highly complex regulatory system. Genetic associations with variation in the immune response to Rubella vaccine have typically been assessed one locus at a time. We simultaneously assessed the associations between 726 SNPs tagging 84 candidate immune response genes and Rubella-specific antibody levels. Blood samples were obtained from 714 school-aged children who had received two doses of MMR vaccine. Associations between Rubella-specific antibody levels and 726 candidate tagSNPs were assessed both one SNP at a time and in a variety of multigenic analyses. Single-SNP assessments identified 4 SNPs that appeared to be univariately associated with Rubella antibody levels: rs2844482 (p = 0.0002) and rs2857708 (p = 0.001) in the 5'UTR of the LTA gene, rs7801617 in the 5'UTR of the IL6 gene (p = 0.0005), and rs4787947 in the 5'UTR of the IL4R gene (p = 0.002). While there was not significant evidence in favor of epistatic genetic associations among the candidate SNPs, multigenic analyses identified 29 SNPs significantly associated with Rubella antibody levels when selected as a group (p = 0.017). This collection of SNPs included not only those that were significant univariately, but others that would not have been identified if only considered in isolation from the other SNPs. For the first time, multigenic assessment of associations between candidate SNPs and Rubella antibody levels identified a broad number of genetic associations that would not have been deemed important univariately. It is important to consider approaches like those applied here in order to better understand the full genetic complexity of response to vaccination.
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a qualitative and quantitative comparison of two Rubella virus specific igg antibody immunoassays
Viral Immunology, 2010Co-Authors: Nicholas P Greenwood, Robert A Vierkant, Megan M Obyrne, Inna G Ovsyannikova, Gregory A PolandAbstract:Abstract Monitoring circulating Rubella IgG antibody concentration in children and in women of child-bearing age is an important step in maintaining high levels of Rubella immunity and preventing congenital Rubella syndrome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Beckman Coulter Access Rubella IgG assay against the Dade Behring Enzygnost Anti-Rubella-Virus/IgG EIA assay in serum of children (n = 342) immunized with two doses of measles-mumps-Rubella-II (MMR-II) vaccine. We found that the two assays had a high qualitative (96%), and quantitative correlation 0.93 (0.92, 0.95), based on a protective antibody concentration of ≥15 IU/mL. The mean Rubella antibody concentration measured by both assays was >37 IU/mL; however, 10% of our study participants had low concentrations of circulating Rubella-specific antibodies. These findings might indicate a need for additional monitoring of antibody levels as these children reach child-bearing age, or potentially a need for a third dose of vaccine to increas...
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correlation between Rubella antibody levels and cytokine measures of cell mediated immunity
Viral Immunology, 2009Co-Authors: Pritish K Tosh, Robert A Vierkant, Robert M Jacobson, Richard B Kennedy, Gregory A PolandAbstract:Despite a safe and effective vaccine, endemic Rubella remains a problem in developing countries. Isolated cases and outbreaks can occur in areas with high vaccine coverage. Individuals, especially pregnant women who remain unimmunized or do not seroconvert, are susceptible to infection and their infants are at risk for congenital Rubella syndrome (CRS). Both humoral and cellular immune responses contribute to immune protection. Classically, immunity to Rubella has been assessed through the detection of Rubella-specific antibody titers. In this study we examined correlates of both humoral and cellular immunity in a large population of immunized young adults in Olmsted County, MN. We were unable to find any significant correlation between cytokine production after in-vitro Rubella stimulation and serum antibody titers.
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comparison of fingerstick versus venipuncture for antibody testing of measles and Rubella
Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2003Co-Authors: Norman A Pinsky, Robert A Vierkant, Robert M Jacobson, Thomas R Loepfe, Gregory A PolandAbstract:The aim of this study was to determine whether the fingerstick method of obtaining blood is an acceptable alternative to venipuncture for measuring antibody levels. Blood specimens for antibody determination were obtained from healthy adult subjects by venipuncture with the serum separated from the clot by standard methodology. Fingerstick samples were also obtained by piercing the second or third finger and collected in Microtainer serum separator tubes. The serum was then separated by centrifugation, and all specimens were immediately stored at −80°C until assayed. There was an excellent correlation between sera collected from fingerstick and venipuncture for both measles and Rubella antibody assays. For the measles enzyme immunoassay (EIA), 85% of subjects were immune, and the correlation coefficient between the fingerstick and the venipuncture results was 0.98 using least squares linear regression. For the Rubella EIA, 100% of subjects were immune, and the correlation coefficient was 0.83. Both method...
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association of parental vaccination reports with measles mumps and Rubella protective antibody levels comparison of somali immigrant hispanic migrant and us children in rochester minn
Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2002Co-Authors: Jennifer L St Sauver, Robert A Vierkant, Robert M Jacobson, Steven J Jacobsen, Erin M Green, Gregory A PolandAbstract:Objectives To compare measles, mumps, and Rubella antibody levels in Somali immigrant, Hispanic migrant, and US children in Rochester, Minn, and to determine whether parental vaccination reports predict seropositivity. Subjects and Methods From 1995 to 1997, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis using measles, mumps, and Rubella antibody levels obtained from a sample of Somali, Hispanic, and Rochester children. Volunteers provided blood samples, vaccination histories, and demographic information. We assessed differences in measles, mumps, and Rubella antibody levels among the 3 groups of children and calculated positive and negative predictive values to determine whether parental report of vaccination predicted seropositivity. Results Study participants included 79 Hispanic migrant, 69 Somali immigrant, and 730 Rochester children. Somali children reported vaccination at significantly older ages compared with Hispanic or Rochester children ( P Conclusion Somali and Hispanic children were as likely as Rochester children to be seropositive for measles, mumps, and Rubella antibodies despite poor documentation of vaccination. Somali children, however, tended to receive vaccinations at significantly older ages than Hispanic and Rochester children.
Cerys S Jones - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Time-resolved fluorometric immunoassay for Rubella antibody--a useful method for serosurveillance studies.
Vaccine, 2002Co-Authors: P A Christopher Maple, Cerys S JonesAbstract:Rubella antibody (IgG) has been measured in females reporting for antenatal screening using single radial haemolysis (SRH) and time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA). We have shown TRFIA to be a simple, specific, highly sensitive, quantitative assay for Rubella IgG with a lower limit of detection of 0.2IU/ml. Out of 506 sera tested by SRH, 18 (3.6%) had low levels of antibody (< 15IU/ml) compared to 83 (16.4%) tested by TRFIA and, of these, 32 (6.3%) had Rubella antibody concentrations < 10IU/ml. The lowest level (3.1%) of Rubella susceptibility (antibody levels < 10IU/ml) was found in females aged 25-29 and the highest level of susceptibility (23.5%) occurred in females aged 40 years, and over. Geometric mean Rubella antibody concentrations (IU/ml) were 26.8, 34.4, 34.8, 29.7, 27.5 and 20.0 for age groups or =40 years, respectively. Our Rubella vaccination policies have built up good levels of Rubella immunity in women of childbearing age in our locality, and using TRFIA technology we can accurately monitor changes over time.
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time resolved fluorometric immunoassay for Rubella antibody a useful method for serosurveillance studies
Vaccine, 2002Co-Authors: P Christopher A Maple, Cerys S JonesAbstract:Abstract Rubella antibody (IgG) has been measured in females reporting for antenatal screening using single radial haemolysis (SRH) and time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA). We have shown TRFIA to be a simple, specific, highly sensitive, quantitative assay for Rubella IgG with a lower limit of detection of 0.2 IU/ml. Out of 506 sera tested by SRH, 18 (3.6%) had low levels of antibody (
P Christopher A Maple - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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time resolved fluorometric immunoassay for Rubella antibody a useful method for serosurveillance studies
Vaccine, 2002Co-Authors: P Christopher A Maple, Cerys S JonesAbstract:Abstract Rubella antibody (IgG) has been measured in females reporting for antenatal screening using single radial haemolysis (SRH) and time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA). We have shown TRFIA to be a simple, specific, highly sensitive, quantitative assay for Rubella IgG with a lower limit of detection of 0.2 IU/ml. Out of 506 sera tested by SRH, 18 (3.6%) had low levels of antibody (
Robert A Vierkant - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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associations between snps in candidate immune relevant genes and Rubella antibody levels a multigenic assessment
BMC Immunology, 2010Co-Authors: Shane V Pankratz, Robert A Vierkant, Megan M Obyrne, Inna G Ovsyannikova, Gregory A PolandAbstract:The mechanisms of immune response are structured within a highly complex regulatory system. Genetic associations with variation in the immune response to Rubella vaccine have typically been assessed one locus at a time. We simultaneously assessed the associations between 726 SNPs tagging 84 candidate immune response genes and Rubella-specific antibody levels. Blood samples were obtained from 714 school-aged children who had received two doses of MMR vaccine. Associations between Rubella-specific antibody levels and 726 candidate tagSNPs were assessed both one SNP at a time and in a variety of multigenic analyses. Single-SNP assessments identified 4 SNPs that appeared to be univariately associated with Rubella antibody levels: rs2844482 (p = 0.0002) and rs2857708 (p = 0.001) in the 5'UTR of the LTA gene, rs7801617 in the 5'UTR of the IL6 gene (p = 0.0005), and rs4787947 in the 5'UTR of the IL4R gene (p = 0.002). While there was not significant evidence in favor of epistatic genetic associations among the candidate SNPs, multigenic analyses identified 29 SNPs significantly associated with Rubella antibody levels when selected as a group (p = 0.017). This collection of SNPs included not only those that were significant univariately, but others that would not have been identified if only considered in isolation from the other SNPs. For the first time, multigenic assessment of associations between candidate SNPs and Rubella antibody levels identified a broad number of genetic associations that would not have been deemed important univariately. It is important to consider approaches like those applied here in order to better understand the full genetic complexity of response to vaccination.
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a qualitative and quantitative comparison of two Rubella virus specific igg antibody immunoassays
Viral Immunology, 2010Co-Authors: Nicholas P Greenwood, Robert A Vierkant, Megan M Obyrne, Inna G Ovsyannikova, Gregory A PolandAbstract:Abstract Monitoring circulating Rubella IgG antibody concentration in children and in women of child-bearing age is an important step in maintaining high levels of Rubella immunity and preventing congenital Rubella syndrome. The objective of this study was to evaluate the Beckman Coulter Access Rubella IgG assay against the Dade Behring Enzygnost Anti-Rubella-Virus/IgG EIA assay in serum of children (n = 342) immunized with two doses of measles-mumps-Rubella-II (MMR-II) vaccine. We found that the two assays had a high qualitative (96%), and quantitative correlation 0.93 (0.92, 0.95), based on a protective antibody concentration of ≥15 IU/mL. The mean Rubella antibody concentration measured by both assays was >37 IU/mL; however, 10% of our study participants had low concentrations of circulating Rubella-specific antibodies. These findings might indicate a need for additional monitoring of antibody levels as these children reach child-bearing age, or potentially a need for a third dose of vaccine to increas...
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correlation between Rubella antibody levels and cytokine measures of cell mediated immunity
Viral Immunology, 2009Co-Authors: Pritish K Tosh, Robert A Vierkant, Robert M Jacobson, Richard B Kennedy, Gregory A PolandAbstract:Despite a safe and effective vaccine, endemic Rubella remains a problem in developing countries. Isolated cases and outbreaks can occur in areas with high vaccine coverage. Individuals, especially pregnant women who remain unimmunized or do not seroconvert, are susceptible to infection and their infants are at risk for congenital Rubella syndrome (CRS). Both humoral and cellular immune responses contribute to immune protection. Classically, immunity to Rubella has been assessed through the detection of Rubella-specific antibody titers. In this study we examined correlates of both humoral and cellular immunity in a large population of immunized young adults in Olmsted County, MN. We were unable to find any significant correlation between cytokine production after in-vitro Rubella stimulation and serum antibody titers.
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comparison of fingerstick versus venipuncture for antibody testing of measles and Rubella
Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2003Co-Authors: Norman A Pinsky, Robert A Vierkant, Robert M Jacobson, Thomas R Loepfe, Gregory A PolandAbstract:The aim of this study was to determine whether the fingerstick method of obtaining blood is an acceptable alternative to venipuncture for measuring antibody levels. Blood specimens for antibody determination were obtained from healthy adult subjects by venipuncture with the serum separated from the clot by standard methodology. Fingerstick samples were also obtained by piercing the second or third finger and collected in Microtainer serum separator tubes. The serum was then separated by centrifugation, and all specimens were immediately stored at −80°C until assayed. There was an excellent correlation between sera collected from fingerstick and venipuncture for both measles and Rubella antibody assays. For the measles enzyme immunoassay (EIA), 85% of subjects were immune, and the correlation coefficient between the fingerstick and the venipuncture results was 0.98 using least squares linear regression. For the Rubella EIA, 100% of subjects were immune, and the correlation coefficient was 0.83. Both method...
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association of parental vaccination reports with measles mumps and Rubella protective antibody levels comparison of somali immigrant hispanic migrant and us children in rochester minn
Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 2002Co-Authors: Jennifer L St Sauver, Robert A Vierkant, Robert M Jacobson, Steven J Jacobsen, Erin M Green, Gregory A PolandAbstract:Objectives To compare measles, mumps, and Rubella antibody levels in Somali immigrant, Hispanic migrant, and US children in Rochester, Minn, and to determine whether parental vaccination reports predict seropositivity. Subjects and Methods From 1995 to 1997, we conducted a cross-sectional analysis using measles, mumps, and Rubella antibody levels obtained from a sample of Somali, Hispanic, and Rochester children. Volunteers provided blood samples, vaccination histories, and demographic information. We assessed differences in measles, mumps, and Rubella antibody levels among the 3 groups of children and calculated positive and negative predictive values to determine whether parental report of vaccination predicted seropositivity. Results Study participants included 79 Hispanic migrant, 69 Somali immigrant, and 730 Rochester children. Somali children reported vaccination at significantly older ages compared with Hispanic or Rochester children ( P Conclusion Somali and Hispanic children were as likely as Rochester children to be seropositive for measles, mumps, and Rubella antibodies despite poor documentation of vaccination. Somali children, however, tended to receive vaccinations at significantly older ages than Hispanic and Rochester children.
Felicity Cutts - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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levels of Rubella antibody among vaccinated and unvaccinated portuguese mothers and their newborns
Vaccine, 2006Co-Authors: G Goncalves, Maria Sao Jose Nascimento, Felicity CuttsAbstract:Abstract Maternal and cord sera (231 pairs) were tested to measure Rubella IgG levels, using a commercial immunoassay method with final fluorescent detection (ELFA). One hundred and twenty-two women had been vaccinated against Rubella. Geometric mean concentrations (GMC) were not associated with time since vaccination. GMC of Rubella IgG among vaccinated and unvaccinated mothers were respectively 66.6 and 80.9 IU/ml ( p = 0.29). The corresponding values for cord sera GMC were 140.6 and 140.2 IU/ml ( p = 0.99). These GMC values seem to have been influenced by increased transplacental transport efficiency (TTE) among vaccinated mothers. This was observed if TTE was measured as difference or ratio of cord-maternal concentration of Rubella IgG, but was only statistically significantly ( p = 0.02) for ratio. TTE also seemed to be higher when antibody levels in mothers were below
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maternal Rubella specific antibody prevalence in ethiopian infants
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2000Co-Authors: S Kebede, W Nigatu, Felicity Cutts, James D Nokes, Francis Sanderson, Hagos BeyeneAbstract:Abstract In countries with a high transmission rate of Rubella the optimal age for universal Rubella vaccination of infants is critically dependent upon the rate of loss of maternal antibodies. Few studies have investigated the decay characteristics of such antibodies. Mother:infant pairs were recruited at the Ethio-Swedish Children's Hospital, Addis Ababa, in 1994/95. Rubella antibody levels, determined by radial haemolysis, were available for analysis from 1542 infants aged 0–12 months, with 942 repeat measures, and from 846 mothers. Decay in seropositivity was well described by a delayed exponential function. The proportion seropositive at age 6, 9, or 12 months was 6–13%, 1–4%, or 0–1%, respectively, dependent upon assay cut-off level. Only infant age and mother's antibody level were important predictors of seropositivity. Results suggest that the success of vaccination at age 9 months or above would be little affected by residual maternal antibodies.
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an evaluation of oral fluid collection devices for the determination of Rubella antibody status in a rural ethiopian community
Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1998Co-Authors: D J Nokes, Fikre Enquselassie, A Vyse, W Nigatu, Felicity Cutts, David W BrownAbstract:Abstract We compared 3 different oral-fluid collection devices to assess their suitability for use in community studies of Rubella antibody. Of 58 individuals enrolled from 13 households from a southern Ethiopian village, 38 provided a blood sample and oral fluids by the 3 devices: 2 proprietary, Omni-SAL and OraSure, and a third a polystyrene sponge swab (Sponge). The Sponge swab, used like a toothbrush, was most acceptable to survey staff and to participants of all ages, although it proved ill-adapted for fluid extraction. The other devices more often caused participant discomfort or anxiety, particularly in the young. Statistical comparison of Rubella-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G in oral fluid, measured by antibody-capture radio-immunoassay, and in serum, by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, showed no clear differences between the devices in oral-fluid performance. Specificity range was 75–100% and sensitivity 73–85%, relative to serum. Specific-antibody levels declined with increasing age, with concomitant decreases in sensitivity, as previously documented. The relationship between specific IgG and total IgG in oral fluid differed by device. Specific IgG levels were highly correlated between paired samples using the Sponge device. We consider the Sponge device to be the most suitable for community survey work, although the extraction method requires improvement. Further work is needed to improve the sensitivity of antibody status determination in adults.
