The Experts below are selected from a list of 10101 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Yutaka Nakai - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of bacteria involved in the decomposition of lignocellulosic biomass treated with cow Rumen Fluid by metagenomic analysis
Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2020Co-Authors: Chol Gyu Lee, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Ryoki Asano, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:We had developed a new pretreatment system using cow Rumen Fluid to improve the methane production from lignocellulosic substrates. However, the pretreatment conditions differ from the in-situ Rumen environment, therefore different microbes may be involved in plant cell wall decomposition. In the current study, shotgun metagenomic analysis using MiSeq platform was performed to elucidate the bacteria which produce cellulase and hemicellulase in this pretreatment system. The Rumen Fluid which contained waste paper pieces (0.1% w/v) were incubated at 37°C during 120 h. The Fluid samples were collected from the reactor at each time-point and analyzed for chemical properties. Rumen microbial DNA was extracted from 0-h and 60-h samples and subjected to shotgun-metagenomic analysis. After pretreatment, approximately half of cellulose and hemicellulose contents of the waste paper were decomposed and some volatile fatty acids were accumulated. Clostridia (e.g., Ruminococcus and Clostridium) were the predominant bacteria before and after 60-h pretreatment, and their relative abundance was increased during pretreatment. However, Prevotella and Fibrobacter, one of the most dominant bacteria in-situ Rumen Fluid, were observed less than 3% before incubation and they were decreased after pretreatment. Genes encoding cellulase and hemicellulase were mainly found in Ruminococcus, Clostridium, and Caldicellulosiruptor. Calicellulosiruptor, which had not been previously identified as the predominant genus in lignocellulose decomposition in in-situ Rumen conditions, might be considered as the main fibrolytic bacterium in this system. Thus, this study demonstrated that the composition of fibrolytic bacteria in this system was greatly different from those in the in-situ Rumen.
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recovery of the fibrolytic microorganisms from Rumen Fluid by flocculation for simultaneous treatment of lignocellulosic biomass and volatile fatty acid production
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020Co-Authors: Shuhei Takizawa, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Mengjia Feng, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:Abstract Large volumes of Rumen Fluid are continuously discharged from slaughterhouses, which are typically transported to facilities for treatments of lignocellulosic biomass. Recovery of fibrolytic microorganisms from the Rumen Fluid enables to reduce the load for wastewater treatment and transportation of Rumen Fluid. However, there is no standardized method for recovering ruminal microorganisms. Here, we established a flocculation-based method with an optimized flocculant concentration required to recover ruminal microorganisms with fibrolytic activity. Rumen Fluid was flocculated with poly-ferric sulfate at 0.4%, 0.7%, 1.0%, and 2.0% and with an inorganic neutral flocculant at 13.0%. Poly-ferric sulfate at 0.4%, 0.7%, and 1.0% effectively recovered ruminal microorganisms, which resulted in an 85.6%, 77.3%, and 75.6% reduction in Rumen Fluid volume, respectively. These recovered microorganisms retained the endoglucanase activity at 52 kDa and 53 kDa in size. In addition, recovery of ruminal microorganisms allowed for substantial reductions in the solids and organic compound concentrations of the filtrates after the flocculation. As a practical demonstration of this method, tomato leaves were treated with the flocculated Rumen Fluid at 37 °C for 48 h. Hydrolysis of the tomato leaves using the Rumen Fluid flocculated with 0.7% poly-ferric sulfate demonstrated elevated endoglucanase activity at 37 kDa, 46 kDa, 57 kDa, 61 kDa, and 66 kDa in size during treatment. Therefore, 0.7% poly-ferric sulfate is the optimal concentration for recovering ruminal microorganisms while maintaining their fibrolytic activity. This is the first study which suggest a novel method to efficiently recover ruminal microorganisms from huge amounts of Rumen Fluid offers a practical and sustainable solution to reduce the load for wastewater treatment at slaughterhouses and in the transportation of Rumen Fluid.
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Sodium dodecyl sulfate improves the treatment of waste paper with Rumen Fluid at lower concentration but decreases at higher condition
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2020Co-Authors: Shuhei Takizawa, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:Rumen Fluid has been applied to lignocellulosic biomass digest for methane production, and various feed supplements have been shown to improve ruminant digestion of lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, we investigated the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with Rumen Fluid and subsequent methane fermentation. SDS was mixed with Rumen Fluid at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/L. After SDS addition, the waste paper was pretreated with Rumen Fluid at 37 °C for 6 h. SDS addition decreased the number of surviving Rumen ciliates after pretreatment. SDS addition increased the dissolved chemical oxygen demand during pretreatment; however, SDS addition did not increase the volatile fatty acid concentration. After pretreatment, batch methane fermentation of pretreated waste paper was performed at 35 °C for 45 days. SDS addition at 0.1 and 0.2 g/L shortened the waste paper digestion time and enhanced methane gas production compared to the control. By contrast, SDS addition at 0.4 and 0.8 g/L remarkably inhibited methane production from waste paper. These findings suggest that low concentrations of SDS can improve the efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment with Rumen Fluid, and can enhance methane production from waste paper.
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pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with cattle Rumen Fluid for methane production fate of added Rumen microbes and indigenous microbes of methane seed sludge
Microbes and Environments, 2019Co-Authors: Shuhei Takizawa, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Yu Matsuki, Yoshihisa Suyama, Masanori Saito, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:The pretreatment of lignocellulosic substrates with cattle Rumen Fluid was successfully developed to increase methane production. In the present study, a 16S rRNA gene-targeted amplicon sequencing approach using the MiSeq platform was applied to elucidate the effects of the Rumen Fluid treatment on the microbial community structure in laboratory-scale batch methane fermenters. Methane production in fermenters fed Rumen Fluid-treated rapeseed (2,077.3 mL CH4 reactor-1 for a 6-h treatment) was markedly higher than that in fermenters fed untreated rapeseed (1,325.8 mL CH4 reactor-1). Microbial community profiling showed that the relative abundance of known lignocellulose-degrading bacteria corresponded to lignocellulose-degrading enzymatic activities. Some dominant indigenous cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacteria in seed sludge (e.g., Cellulosilyticum lentocellum and Ruminococcus flavefaciens) and Rumen Fluid (e.g., Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Prevotella ruminicola) became undetectable or markedly decreased in abundance in the fermenters fed Rumen Fluid-treated rapeseed, whereas some bacteria derived from seed sludge (e.g., Ruminofilibacter xylanolyticum) and Rumen Fluid (e.g., R. albus) remained detectable until the completion of methane production. Thus, several lignocellulose-degrading bacteria associated with Rumen Fluid proliferated in the fermenters, and may play an important role in the degradation of lignocellulosic compounds in the fermenter.
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Preservation of Rumen Fluid for the pretreatment of waste paper to improve methane production.
Waste management (New York N.Y.), 2019Co-Authors: Shuhei Takizawa, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:Abstract It is necessary to preserve Rumen Fluid for transport from slaughterhouses to the pretreatment facilities for use in treating lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we investigated how the preservation of Rumen Fluid at various temperatures affects its use in hydrolysis of waste paper. Rumen Fluid was preserved anaerobically at 4, 20, and 35 °C for 7 days. The number of protozoa and fibrolytic enzyme activity after preservation at 4 °C were significantly higher than that after preservation at either 20 or 35 °C. Waste paper was subsequently treated with preserved Rumen Fluid at 37 °C for 48 h. Preservation at 20 °C remarkedly decreased the hydrolysis of waste paper. Xylanase activity in Rumen Fluid preserved at 35 °C increased during the treatment, which enhanced the solubilization of waste paper as comparable to the control and preservation at 4 °C. Pretreatment of waste paper with Rumen Fluid preserved at 4 °C showed that the Fluid retained high fibrolytic activity, and reduced the loss of organic carbon as substrate for methanogens. Our results suggest that preservation of Rumen Fluid at 4 °C is most suitable for efficient pretreatment and methane fermentation of waste paper.
Yasunori Baba - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of bacteria involved in the decomposition of lignocellulosic biomass treated with cow Rumen Fluid by metagenomic analysis
Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2020Co-Authors: Chol Gyu Lee, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Ryoki Asano, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:We had developed a new pretreatment system using cow Rumen Fluid to improve the methane production from lignocellulosic substrates. However, the pretreatment conditions differ from the in-situ Rumen environment, therefore different microbes may be involved in plant cell wall decomposition. In the current study, shotgun metagenomic analysis using MiSeq platform was performed to elucidate the bacteria which produce cellulase and hemicellulase in this pretreatment system. The Rumen Fluid which contained waste paper pieces (0.1% w/v) were incubated at 37°C during 120 h. The Fluid samples were collected from the reactor at each time-point and analyzed for chemical properties. Rumen microbial DNA was extracted from 0-h and 60-h samples and subjected to shotgun-metagenomic analysis. After pretreatment, approximately half of cellulose and hemicellulose contents of the waste paper were decomposed and some volatile fatty acids were accumulated. Clostridia (e.g., Ruminococcus and Clostridium) were the predominant bacteria before and after 60-h pretreatment, and their relative abundance was increased during pretreatment. However, Prevotella and Fibrobacter, one of the most dominant bacteria in-situ Rumen Fluid, were observed less than 3% before incubation and they were decreased after pretreatment. Genes encoding cellulase and hemicellulase were mainly found in Ruminococcus, Clostridium, and Caldicellulosiruptor. Calicellulosiruptor, which had not been previously identified as the predominant genus in lignocellulose decomposition in in-situ Rumen conditions, might be considered as the main fibrolytic bacterium in this system. Thus, this study demonstrated that the composition of fibrolytic bacteria in this system was greatly different from those in the in-situ Rumen.
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recovery of the fibrolytic microorganisms from Rumen Fluid by flocculation for simultaneous treatment of lignocellulosic biomass and volatile fatty acid production
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020Co-Authors: Shuhei Takizawa, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Mengjia Feng, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:Abstract Large volumes of Rumen Fluid are continuously discharged from slaughterhouses, which are typically transported to facilities for treatments of lignocellulosic biomass. Recovery of fibrolytic microorganisms from the Rumen Fluid enables to reduce the load for wastewater treatment and transportation of Rumen Fluid. However, there is no standardized method for recovering ruminal microorganisms. Here, we established a flocculation-based method with an optimized flocculant concentration required to recover ruminal microorganisms with fibrolytic activity. Rumen Fluid was flocculated with poly-ferric sulfate at 0.4%, 0.7%, 1.0%, and 2.0% and with an inorganic neutral flocculant at 13.0%. Poly-ferric sulfate at 0.4%, 0.7%, and 1.0% effectively recovered ruminal microorganisms, which resulted in an 85.6%, 77.3%, and 75.6% reduction in Rumen Fluid volume, respectively. These recovered microorganisms retained the endoglucanase activity at 52 kDa and 53 kDa in size. In addition, recovery of ruminal microorganisms allowed for substantial reductions in the solids and organic compound concentrations of the filtrates after the flocculation. As a practical demonstration of this method, tomato leaves were treated with the flocculated Rumen Fluid at 37 °C for 48 h. Hydrolysis of the tomato leaves using the Rumen Fluid flocculated with 0.7% poly-ferric sulfate demonstrated elevated endoglucanase activity at 37 kDa, 46 kDa, 57 kDa, 61 kDa, and 66 kDa in size during treatment. Therefore, 0.7% poly-ferric sulfate is the optimal concentration for recovering ruminal microorganisms while maintaining their fibrolytic activity. This is the first study which suggest a novel method to efficiently recover ruminal microorganisms from huge amounts of Rumen Fluid offers a practical and sustainable solution to reduce the load for wastewater treatment at slaughterhouses and in the transportation of Rumen Fluid.
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Sodium dodecyl sulfate improves the treatment of waste paper with Rumen Fluid at lower concentration but decreases at higher condition
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2020Co-Authors: Shuhei Takizawa, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:Rumen Fluid has been applied to lignocellulosic biomass digest for methane production, and various feed supplements have been shown to improve ruminant digestion of lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, we investigated the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with Rumen Fluid and subsequent methane fermentation. SDS was mixed with Rumen Fluid at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/L. After SDS addition, the waste paper was pretreated with Rumen Fluid at 37 °C for 6 h. SDS addition decreased the number of surviving Rumen ciliates after pretreatment. SDS addition increased the dissolved chemical oxygen demand during pretreatment; however, SDS addition did not increase the volatile fatty acid concentration. After pretreatment, batch methane fermentation of pretreated waste paper was performed at 35 °C for 45 days. SDS addition at 0.1 and 0.2 g/L shortened the waste paper digestion time and enhanced methane gas production compared to the control. By contrast, SDS addition at 0.4 and 0.8 g/L remarkably inhibited methane production from waste paper. These findings suggest that low concentrations of SDS can improve the efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment with Rumen Fluid, and can enhance methane production from waste paper.
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pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with cattle Rumen Fluid for methane production fate of added Rumen microbes and indigenous microbes of methane seed sludge
Microbes and Environments, 2019Co-Authors: Shuhei Takizawa, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Yu Matsuki, Yoshihisa Suyama, Masanori Saito, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:The pretreatment of lignocellulosic substrates with cattle Rumen Fluid was successfully developed to increase methane production. In the present study, a 16S rRNA gene-targeted amplicon sequencing approach using the MiSeq platform was applied to elucidate the effects of the Rumen Fluid treatment on the microbial community structure in laboratory-scale batch methane fermenters. Methane production in fermenters fed Rumen Fluid-treated rapeseed (2,077.3 mL CH4 reactor-1 for a 6-h treatment) was markedly higher than that in fermenters fed untreated rapeseed (1,325.8 mL CH4 reactor-1). Microbial community profiling showed that the relative abundance of known lignocellulose-degrading bacteria corresponded to lignocellulose-degrading enzymatic activities. Some dominant indigenous cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacteria in seed sludge (e.g., Cellulosilyticum lentocellum and Ruminococcus flavefaciens) and Rumen Fluid (e.g., Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Prevotella ruminicola) became undetectable or markedly decreased in abundance in the fermenters fed Rumen Fluid-treated rapeseed, whereas some bacteria derived from seed sludge (e.g., Ruminofilibacter xylanolyticum) and Rumen Fluid (e.g., R. albus) remained detectable until the completion of methane production. Thus, several lignocellulose-degrading bacteria associated with Rumen Fluid proliferated in the fermenters, and may play an important role in the degradation of lignocellulosic compounds in the fermenter.
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Preservation of Rumen Fluid for the pretreatment of waste paper to improve methane production.
Waste management (New York N.Y.), 2019Co-Authors: Shuhei Takizawa, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:Abstract It is necessary to preserve Rumen Fluid for transport from slaughterhouses to the pretreatment facilities for use in treating lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we investigated how the preservation of Rumen Fluid at various temperatures affects its use in hydrolysis of waste paper. Rumen Fluid was preserved anaerobically at 4, 20, and 35 °C for 7 days. The number of protozoa and fibrolytic enzyme activity after preservation at 4 °C were significantly higher than that after preservation at either 20 or 35 °C. Waste paper was subsequently treated with preserved Rumen Fluid at 37 °C for 48 h. Preservation at 20 °C remarkedly decreased the hydrolysis of waste paper. Xylanase activity in Rumen Fluid preserved at 35 °C increased during the treatment, which enhanced the solubilization of waste paper as comparable to the control and preservation at 4 °C. Pretreatment of waste paper with Rumen Fluid preserved at 4 °C showed that the Fluid retained high fibrolytic activity, and reduced the loss of organic carbon as substrate for methanogens. Our results suggest that preservation of Rumen Fluid at 4 °C is most suitable for efficient pretreatment and methane fermentation of waste paper.
Yasuhiro Fukuda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of bacteria involved in the decomposition of lignocellulosic biomass treated with cow Rumen Fluid by metagenomic analysis
Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2020Co-Authors: Chol Gyu Lee, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Ryoki Asano, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:We had developed a new pretreatment system using cow Rumen Fluid to improve the methane production from lignocellulosic substrates. However, the pretreatment conditions differ from the in-situ Rumen environment, therefore different microbes may be involved in plant cell wall decomposition. In the current study, shotgun metagenomic analysis using MiSeq platform was performed to elucidate the bacteria which produce cellulase and hemicellulase in this pretreatment system. The Rumen Fluid which contained waste paper pieces (0.1% w/v) were incubated at 37°C during 120 h. The Fluid samples were collected from the reactor at each time-point and analyzed for chemical properties. Rumen microbial DNA was extracted from 0-h and 60-h samples and subjected to shotgun-metagenomic analysis. After pretreatment, approximately half of cellulose and hemicellulose contents of the waste paper were decomposed and some volatile fatty acids were accumulated. Clostridia (e.g., Ruminococcus and Clostridium) were the predominant bacteria before and after 60-h pretreatment, and their relative abundance was increased during pretreatment. However, Prevotella and Fibrobacter, one of the most dominant bacteria in-situ Rumen Fluid, were observed less than 3% before incubation and they were decreased after pretreatment. Genes encoding cellulase and hemicellulase were mainly found in Ruminococcus, Clostridium, and Caldicellulosiruptor. Calicellulosiruptor, which had not been previously identified as the predominant genus in lignocellulose decomposition in in-situ Rumen conditions, might be considered as the main fibrolytic bacterium in this system. Thus, this study demonstrated that the composition of fibrolytic bacteria in this system was greatly different from those in the in-situ Rumen.
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recovery of the fibrolytic microorganisms from Rumen Fluid by flocculation for simultaneous treatment of lignocellulosic biomass and volatile fatty acid production
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020Co-Authors: Shuhei Takizawa, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Mengjia Feng, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:Abstract Large volumes of Rumen Fluid are continuously discharged from slaughterhouses, which are typically transported to facilities for treatments of lignocellulosic biomass. Recovery of fibrolytic microorganisms from the Rumen Fluid enables to reduce the load for wastewater treatment and transportation of Rumen Fluid. However, there is no standardized method for recovering ruminal microorganisms. Here, we established a flocculation-based method with an optimized flocculant concentration required to recover ruminal microorganisms with fibrolytic activity. Rumen Fluid was flocculated with poly-ferric sulfate at 0.4%, 0.7%, 1.0%, and 2.0% and with an inorganic neutral flocculant at 13.0%. Poly-ferric sulfate at 0.4%, 0.7%, and 1.0% effectively recovered ruminal microorganisms, which resulted in an 85.6%, 77.3%, and 75.6% reduction in Rumen Fluid volume, respectively. These recovered microorganisms retained the endoglucanase activity at 52 kDa and 53 kDa in size. In addition, recovery of ruminal microorganisms allowed for substantial reductions in the solids and organic compound concentrations of the filtrates after the flocculation. As a practical demonstration of this method, tomato leaves were treated with the flocculated Rumen Fluid at 37 °C for 48 h. Hydrolysis of the tomato leaves using the Rumen Fluid flocculated with 0.7% poly-ferric sulfate demonstrated elevated endoglucanase activity at 37 kDa, 46 kDa, 57 kDa, 61 kDa, and 66 kDa in size during treatment. Therefore, 0.7% poly-ferric sulfate is the optimal concentration for recovering ruminal microorganisms while maintaining their fibrolytic activity. This is the first study which suggest a novel method to efficiently recover ruminal microorganisms from huge amounts of Rumen Fluid offers a practical and sustainable solution to reduce the load for wastewater treatment at slaughterhouses and in the transportation of Rumen Fluid.
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Sodium dodecyl sulfate improves the treatment of waste paper with Rumen Fluid at lower concentration but decreases at higher condition
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2020Co-Authors: Shuhei Takizawa, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:Rumen Fluid has been applied to lignocellulosic biomass digest for methane production, and various feed supplements have been shown to improve ruminant digestion of lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, we investigated the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with Rumen Fluid and subsequent methane fermentation. SDS was mixed with Rumen Fluid at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/L. After SDS addition, the waste paper was pretreated with Rumen Fluid at 37 °C for 6 h. SDS addition decreased the number of surviving Rumen ciliates after pretreatment. SDS addition increased the dissolved chemical oxygen demand during pretreatment; however, SDS addition did not increase the volatile fatty acid concentration. After pretreatment, batch methane fermentation of pretreated waste paper was performed at 35 °C for 45 days. SDS addition at 0.1 and 0.2 g/L shortened the waste paper digestion time and enhanced methane gas production compared to the control. By contrast, SDS addition at 0.4 and 0.8 g/L remarkably inhibited methane production from waste paper. These findings suggest that low concentrations of SDS can improve the efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment with Rumen Fluid, and can enhance methane production from waste paper.
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pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with cattle Rumen Fluid for methane production fate of added Rumen microbes and indigenous microbes of methane seed sludge
Microbes and Environments, 2019Co-Authors: Shuhei Takizawa, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Yu Matsuki, Yoshihisa Suyama, Masanori Saito, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:The pretreatment of lignocellulosic substrates with cattle Rumen Fluid was successfully developed to increase methane production. In the present study, a 16S rRNA gene-targeted amplicon sequencing approach using the MiSeq platform was applied to elucidate the effects of the Rumen Fluid treatment on the microbial community structure in laboratory-scale batch methane fermenters. Methane production in fermenters fed Rumen Fluid-treated rapeseed (2,077.3 mL CH4 reactor-1 for a 6-h treatment) was markedly higher than that in fermenters fed untreated rapeseed (1,325.8 mL CH4 reactor-1). Microbial community profiling showed that the relative abundance of known lignocellulose-degrading bacteria corresponded to lignocellulose-degrading enzymatic activities. Some dominant indigenous cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacteria in seed sludge (e.g., Cellulosilyticum lentocellum and Ruminococcus flavefaciens) and Rumen Fluid (e.g., Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Prevotella ruminicola) became undetectable or markedly decreased in abundance in the fermenters fed Rumen Fluid-treated rapeseed, whereas some bacteria derived from seed sludge (e.g., Ruminofilibacter xylanolyticum) and Rumen Fluid (e.g., R. albus) remained detectable until the completion of methane production. Thus, several lignocellulose-degrading bacteria associated with Rumen Fluid proliferated in the fermenters, and may play an important role in the degradation of lignocellulosic compounds in the fermenter.
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Preservation of Rumen Fluid for the pretreatment of waste paper to improve methane production.
Waste management (New York N.Y.), 2019Co-Authors: Shuhei Takizawa, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:Abstract It is necessary to preserve Rumen Fluid for transport from slaughterhouses to the pretreatment facilities for use in treating lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we investigated how the preservation of Rumen Fluid at various temperatures affects its use in hydrolysis of waste paper. Rumen Fluid was preserved anaerobically at 4, 20, and 35 °C for 7 days. The number of protozoa and fibrolytic enzyme activity after preservation at 4 °C were significantly higher than that after preservation at either 20 or 35 °C. Waste paper was subsequently treated with preserved Rumen Fluid at 37 °C for 48 h. Preservation at 20 °C remarkedly decreased the hydrolysis of waste paper. Xylanase activity in Rumen Fluid preserved at 35 °C increased during the treatment, which enhanced the solubilization of waste paper as comparable to the control and preservation at 4 °C. Pretreatment of waste paper with Rumen Fluid preserved at 4 °C showed that the Fluid retained high fibrolytic activity, and reduced the loss of organic carbon as substrate for methanogens. Our results suggest that preservation of Rumen Fluid at 4 °C is most suitable for efficient pretreatment and methane fermentation of waste paper.
Chika Tada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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identification of bacteria involved in the decomposition of lignocellulosic biomass treated with cow Rumen Fluid by metagenomic analysis
Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 2020Co-Authors: Chol Gyu Lee, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Ryoki Asano, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:We had developed a new pretreatment system using cow Rumen Fluid to improve the methane production from lignocellulosic substrates. However, the pretreatment conditions differ from the in-situ Rumen environment, therefore different microbes may be involved in plant cell wall decomposition. In the current study, shotgun metagenomic analysis using MiSeq platform was performed to elucidate the bacteria which produce cellulase and hemicellulase in this pretreatment system. The Rumen Fluid which contained waste paper pieces (0.1% w/v) were incubated at 37°C during 120 h. The Fluid samples were collected from the reactor at each time-point and analyzed for chemical properties. Rumen microbial DNA was extracted from 0-h and 60-h samples and subjected to shotgun-metagenomic analysis. After pretreatment, approximately half of cellulose and hemicellulose contents of the waste paper were decomposed and some volatile fatty acids were accumulated. Clostridia (e.g., Ruminococcus and Clostridium) were the predominant bacteria before and after 60-h pretreatment, and their relative abundance was increased during pretreatment. However, Prevotella and Fibrobacter, one of the most dominant bacteria in-situ Rumen Fluid, were observed less than 3% before incubation and they were decreased after pretreatment. Genes encoding cellulase and hemicellulase were mainly found in Ruminococcus, Clostridium, and Caldicellulosiruptor. Calicellulosiruptor, which had not been previously identified as the predominant genus in lignocellulose decomposition in in-situ Rumen conditions, might be considered as the main fibrolytic bacterium in this system. Thus, this study demonstrated that the composition of fibrolytic bacteria in this system was greatly different from those in the in-situ Rumen.
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recovery of the fibrolytic microorganisms from Rumen Fluid by flocculation for simultaneous treatment of lignocellulosic biomass and volatile fatty acid production
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020Co-Authors: Shuhei Takizawa, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Mengjia Feng, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:Abstract Large volumes of Rumen Fluid are continuously discharged from slaughterhouses, which are typically transported to facilities for treatments of lignocellulosic biomass. Recovery of fibrolytic microorganisms from the Rumen Fluid enables to reduce the load for wastewater treatment and transportation of Rumen Fluid. However, there is no standardized method for recovering ruminal microorganisms. Here, we established a flocculation-based method with an optimized flocculant concentration required to recover ruminal microorganisms with fibrolytic activity. Rumen Fluid was flocculated with poly-ferric sulfate at 0.4%, 0.7%, 1.0%, and 2.0% and with an inorganic neutral flocculant at 13.0%. Poly-ferric sulfate at 0.4%, 0.7%, and 1.0% effectively recovered ruminal microorganisms, which resulted in an 85.6%, 77.3%, and 75.6% reduction in Rumen Fluid volume, respectively. These recovered microorganisms retained the endoglucanase activity at 52 kDa and 53 kDa in size. In addition, recovery of ruminal microorganisms allowed for substantial reductions in the solids and organic compound concentrations of the filtrates after the flocculation. As a practical demonstration of this method, tomato leaves were treated with the flocculated Rumen Fluid at 37 °C for 48 h. Hydrolysis of the tomato leaves using the Rumen Fluid flocculated with 0.7% poly-ferric sulfate demonstrated elevated endoglucanase activity at 37 kDa, 46 kDa, 57 kDa, 61 kDa, and 66 kDa in size during treatment. Therefore, 0.7% poly-ferric sulfate is the optimal concentration for recovering ruminal microorganisms while maintaining their fibrolytic activity. This is the first study which suggest a novel method to efficiently recover ruminal microorganisms from huge amounts of Rumen Fluid offers a practical and sustainable solution to reduce the load for wastewater treatment at slaughterhouses and in the transportation of Rumen Fluid.
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Sodium dodecyl sulfate improves the treatment of waste paper with Rumen Fluid at lower concentration but decreases at higher condition
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 2020Co-Authors: Shuhei Takizawa, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:Rumen Fluid has been applied to lignocellulosic biomass digest for methane production, and various feed supplements have been shown to improve ruminant digestion of lignocellulosic biomass. Therefore, we investigated the effects of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with Rumen Fluid and subsequent methane fermentation. SDS was mixed with Rumen Fluid at concentrations of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 g/L. After SDS addition, the waste paper was pretreated with Rumen Fluid at 37 °C for 6 h. SDS addition decreased the number of surviving Rumen ciliates after pretreatment. SDS addition increased the dissolved chemical oxygen demand during pretreatment; however, SDS addition did not increase the volatile fatty acid concentration. After pretreatment, batch methane fermentation of pretreated waste paper was performed at 35 °C for 45 days. SDS addition at 0.1 and 0.2 g/L shortened the waste paper digestion time and enhanced methane gas production compared to the control. By contrast, SDS addition at 0.4 and 0.8 g/L remarkably inhibited methane production from waste paper. These findings suggest that low concentrations of SDS can improve the efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment with Rumen Fluid, and can enhance methane production from waste paper.
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pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass with cattle Rumen Fluid for methane production fate of added Rumen microbes and indigenous microbes of methane seed sludge
Microbes and Environments, 2019Co-Authors: Shuhei Takizawa, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Yu Matsuki, Yoshihisa Suyama, Masanori Saito, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:The pretreatment of lignocellulosic substrates with cattle Rumen Fluid was successfully developed to increase methane production. In the present study, a 16S rRNA gene-targeted amplicon sequencing approach using the MiSeq platform was applied to elucidate the effects of the Rumen Fluid treatment on the microbial community structure in laboratory-scale batch methane fermenters. Methane production in fermenters fed Rumen Fluid-treated rapeseed (2,077.3 mL CH4 reactor-1 for a 6-h treatment) was markedly higher than that in fermenters fed untreated rapeseed (1,325.8 mL CH4 reactor-1). Microbial community profiling showed that the relative abundance of known lignocellulose-degrading bacteria corresponded to lignocellulose-degrading enzymatic activities. Some dominant indigenous cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic bacteria in seed sludge (e.g., Cellulosilyticum lentocellum and Ruminococcus flavefaciens) and Rumen Fluid (e.g., Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Prevotella ruminicola) became undetectable or markedly decreased in abundance in the fermenters fed Rumen Fluid-treated rapeseed, whereas some bacteria derived from seed sludge (e.g., Ruminofilibacter xylanolyticum) and Rumen Fluid (e.g., R. albus) remained detectable until the completion of methane production. Thus, several lignocellulose-degrading bacteria associated with Rumen Fluid proliferated in the fermenters, and may play an important role in the degradation of lignocellulosic compounds in the fermenter.
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Preservation of Rumen Fluid for the pretreatment of waste paper to improve methane production.
Waste management (New York N.Y.), 2019Co-Authors: Shuhei Takizawa, Yasuhiro Fukuda, Yasunori Baba, Chika Tada, Yutaka NakaiAbstract:Abstract It is necessary to preserve Rumen Fluid for transport from slaughterhouses to the pretreatment facilities for use in treating lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, we investigated how the preservation of Rumen Fluid at various temperatures affects its use in hydrolysis of waste paper. Rumen Fluid was preserved anaerobically at 4, 20, and 35 °C for 7 days. The number of protozoa and fibrolytic enzyme activity after preservation at 4 °C were significantly higher than that after preservation at either 20 or 35 °C. Waste paper was subsequently treated with preserved Rumen Fluid at 37 °C for 48 h. Preservation at 20 °C remarkedly decreased the hydrolysis of waste paper. Xylanase activity in Rumen Fluid preserved at 35 °C increased during the treatment, which enhanced the solubilization of waste paper as comparable to the control and preservation at 4 °C. Pretreatment of waste paper with Rumen Fluid preserved at 4 °C showed that the Fluid retained high fibrolytic activity, and reduced the loss of organic carbon as substrate for methanogens. Our results suggest that preservation of Rumen Fluid at 4 °C is most suitable for efficient pretreatment and methane fermentation of waste paper.
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in vitro inactivation of escherichia coli o157 h7 in bovine Rumen Fluid by caprylic acid
Journal of Food Protection, 2004Co-Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Annamalai, Pradeep Vasudevan, Patrick Marek, Manoj Kumar Mohan Nair, David Schreiber, Randall Knight, T A Hoagland, Kumar VenkitanarayananAbstract:The antibacterial effect of caprylic acid (35 and 50 mM) on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and total anaerobic bacteria at 39° C in Rumen Fluid (pH 5.6 and 6.8) from 12 beef cattle was investigated. The treatments containing caprylic acid at both pHs significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the population of E. coli O157:H7 compared with that in the control samples. At pH 5.6, both levels of caprylic acid killed E. coli O157:H7 rapidly, reducing the pathogen population to undetectable levels at 1 min of incubation (a more than 6.0-log CFU/ml reduction). In buffered Rumen Fluid at pH 6.8, 50 mM caprylic acid reduced the E. coli O157:H7 population to undetectable levels at 1 min of incubation, whereas 35 mM caprylic acid reduced the pathogen by approximately 3.0 and 5.0 log CFU/ml at 8 and 24 h of incubation, respectively. At both pHs, caprylic acid had a significantly lesser (P < 0.05) and minimal inhibitory effect on the population of total anaerobic bacteria in Rumen compared with that on E. coli O157:H7. At 24 h of i...
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in vitro inactivation of escherichia coli o157 h7 in bovine Rumen Fluid by caprylic acid
Journal of Food Protection, 2004Co-Authors: Thirunavukkarasu Annamalai, Pradeep Vasudevan, Patrick Marek, Manoj Kumar Mohan Nair, David Schreiber, Randall Knight, T A Hoagland, Kumar VenkitanarayananAbstract:The antibacterial effect of caprylic acid (35 and 50 mM) on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and total anaerobic bacteria at 39 degrees C in Rumen Fluid (pH 5.6 and 6.8) from 12 beef cattle was investigated. The treatments containing caprylic acid at both pHs significantly reduced (P 0.05) inhibitory effect on total bacterial load. Results of this study revealed that caprylic acid was effective in inactivating E. coli O157:H7 in bovine Rumen Fluid, thereby justifying its potential as a preslaughter dietary supplement for reducing pathogen carriage in cattle.
