Rumex obtusifolius

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Michal Hejcman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • mechanical weeding of Rumex obtusifolius l under different n p and k availabilities in permanent grassland
    Plant Soil and Environment, 2018
    Co-Authors: Lukas Strnad, Michal Hejcman, Pavla Hejcmanová, V Křisťalova, Vilém Pavlů
    Abstract:

    In Europe, Rumex obtusifolius L. is the most problematic grassland weed species, especially under the conditions of organic farming. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the effectiveness of repeated mechanical weeding of R. obtusifolius from the permanent sward, cut two or three times per year, by digging the plants out from 5 cm below the soil surface, and (2) to test the effect of nutrient availability on the effectiveness of mechanical weeding. In 2007, the manipulative experiment was established on permanent grassland infested by R. obtusifolius using the following fertilizer treatments: control, P, N, NP and NPK. Plants of R. obtusifolius were removed eight times during three vegetation seasons. No significant decrease in the density of R. obtusifolius was recorded after three vegetation seasons and density was not significantly affected by fertilizer treatment. The cover of R. obtusifolius decreased slightly, but significantly, over the study period from 7.5% to 4.5%. The cover of R. obtusifolius was only marginally affected by fertilizer treatment. Mechanical weeding by digging the plants out from 5 cm below the ground is not a sufficient method of control for R. obtusifolius in infested fertile grasslands, even when applied eight times during three vegetation seasons.

  • manual weeding of Rumex obtusifolius and its effects on plant species composition in organically managed grassland
    Journal of Pest Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: R Hujerova, Michal Hejcman, Vilém Pavlů, Lenka Pavlů, J Gaisler, V Ludvikova
    Abstract:

    Rumex obtusifolius is a troublesome weed especially in organically managed grasslands. Manual weeding is commonly used for R. obtusifolius control, but its effectiveness and effect on plant species composition in upland grassland has never been investigated. Therefore the aim of our study was to reveal the effect of manual weeding by digging out R. obtusifolius taproots to depths of 5 or 15 cm, either once or twice, in: (i) presence of R. obtusifolius plants; (ii) plant species composition. Additional treatments were grazed and unmanaged grassland (both without digging out R. obtusifolius taproot). Digging out taproots twice, to 15 cm, reduced the presence of R. obtusifolius significantly. Grazing without digging out taproots was the treatment that was most favourable for R. obtusifolius plants. Manual weeding had no significant effect on species richness. The empty spaces after plant removal were filled by nutrient-demanding species (Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Festuca pratensis and Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens and Taraxacum sp.). On unmanaged grassland the number of R. obtusifolius plants decreased, species richness was reduced, but this allowed the spread of other tall weedy species (Urtica dioica, Galium album and Elytrigia repens). Digging out taproots to a depth of 15 cm, performed twice, can be an effective method for R. obtusifolius control in organically managed grasslands, as this procedure eliminated the majority of R. obtusifolius plants. However, the use of this weeding method over large areas of grassland is limited due to time-consuming and hard physical work.

  • aluminium uptake and translocation in al hyperaccumulator Rumex obtusifolius is affected by low molecular weight organic acids content and soil ph
    PLOS ONE, 2015
    Co-Authors: Stanislava Vondrackova, Michal Hejcman, Jiřina Szakova, Ondřej Drabek, Vaclav Tejnecký, Vladimira Mullerova, Pavel Tlustos
    Abstract:

    Background and Aims High Al resistance of Rumex obtusifolius together with its ability to accumulate Al has never been studied in weakly acidic conditions (pH > 5.8) and is not sufficiently described in real soil conditions. The potential elucidation of the role of organic acids in plant can explain the Al tolerance mechanism.

  • biological control of Rumex obtusifolius and Rumex crispus by goat grazing
    Weed Biology and Management, 2014
    Co-Authors: Michal Hejcman, Pavla Hejcmanová, Lukas Strnad, Vilém Pavlů
    Abstract:

    Rumex obtusifolius and Rumex crispus are problematic grassland weedy species, particularly under conditions of organic farming. They are avoided by cattle and horses, but they can be grazed by goats. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of continuous goat grazing of moderate intensity on R. obtusifolius and R. crispus control. In 2008, 40 seedlings of each species were transplanted into pasture that was grazed by goats (crossbreed Czech white × Czech brown) on the target sward height of 7–10 cm. The number of leaves, proportion of grazed leaves and mortality of plants were monitored over the following 4 years. The number of leaves per plant was higher for R. obtusifolius than for R. crispus. The maximal number of leaves per plant of R. obtusifolius and R. crispus was 10 and 5, respectively. The proportion of grazed leaves was generally higher for R. obtusifolius than for R. crispus and ranged from 10% to 80%. No fertile plant was recorded during the experiment, as goat grazing totally prevented the flowering of both species. The level of mortality of the plants at the start of the fourth grazing season was 70% and 87% for R. obtusifolius and R. crispus, respectively, and no plant survived the fourth grazing season. It was concluded that continuous goat grazing of a moderate intensity that is carried out over 4 years seems to be an effective method for the non-chemical control of R. obtusifolius and R. crispus in grassland.

  • soil chemical properties affect the concentration of elements n p k ca mg as cd cr cu fe mn ni pb and zn and their distribution between organs of Rumex obtusifolius
    Plant and Soil, 2014
    Co-Authors: Stanislava Vondrackova, Michal Hejcman, Jiřina Szakova, Vladimira Mullerova, Pavel Tlustos
    Abstract:

    Background and aims The ionome (elemental composition) of grassland species has rarely been studied at the level of individual organs and little is known about effects of soil chemical properties on the ionome. Using the model oxalate plant Rumex obtusifolius, we asked how its biomass production and the distribution of elements between its organs is affected by soil chemical properties.

Vilém Pavlů - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • mechanical weeding of Rumex obtusifolius l under different n p and k availabilities in permanent grassland
    Plant Soil and Environment, 2018
    Co-Authors: Lukas Strnad, Michal Hejcman, Pavla Hejcmanová, V Křisťalova, Vilém Pavlů
    Abstract:

    In Europe, Rumex obtusifolius L. is the most problematic grassland weed species, especially under the conditions of organic farming. The aims of this study were (1) to investigate the effectiveness of repeated mechanical weeding of R. obtusifolius from the permanent sward, cut two or three times per year, by digging the plants out from 5 cm below the soil surface, and (2) to test the effect of nutrient availability on the effectiveness of mechanical weeding. In 2007, the manipulative experiment was established on permanent grassland infested by R. obtusifolius using the following fertilizer treatments: control, P, N, NP and NPK. Plants of R. obtusifolius were removed eight times during three vegetation seasons. No significant decrease in the density of R. obtusifolius was recorded after three vegetation seasons and density was not significantly affected by fertilizer treatment. The cover of R. obtusifolius decreased slightly, but significantly, over the study period from 7.5% to 4.5%. The cover of R. obtusifolius was only marginally affected by fertilizer treatment. Mechanical weeding by digging the plants out from 5 cm below the ground is not a sufficient method of control for R. obtusifolius in infested fertile grasslands, even when applied eight times during three vegetation seasons.

  • manual weeding of Rumex obtusifolius and its effects on plant species composition in organically managed grassland
    Journal of Pest Science, 2016
    Co-Authors: R Hujerova, Michal Hejcman, Vilém Pavlů, Lenka Pavlů, J Gaisler, V Ludvikova
    Abstract:

    Rumex obtusifolius is a troublesome weed especially in organically managed grasslands. Manual weeding is commonly used for R. obtusifolius control, but its effectiveness and effect on plant species composition in upland grassland has never been investigated. Therefore the aim of our study was to reveal the effect of manual weeding by digging out R. obtusifolius taproots to depths of 5 or 15 cm, either once or twice, in: (i) presence of R. obtusifolius plants; (ii) plant species composition. Additional treatments were grazed and unmanaged grassland (both without digging out R. obtusifolius taproot). Digging out taproots twice, to 15 cm, reduced the presence of R. obtusifolius significantly. Grazing without digging out taproots was the treatment that was most favourable for R. obtusifolius plants. Manual weeding had no significant effect on species richness. The empty spaces after plant removal were filled by nutrient-demanding species (Poa pratensis, Poa trivialis, Festuca pratensis and Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens and Taraxacum sp.). On unmanaged grassland the number of R. obtusifolius plants decreased, species richness was reduced, but this allowed the spread of other tall weedy species (Urtica dioica, Galium album and Elytrigia repens). Digging out taproots to a depth of 15 cm, performed twice, can be an effective method for R. obtusifolius control in organically managed grasslands, as this procedure eliminated the majority of R. obtusifolius plants. However, the use of this weeding method over large areas of grassland is limited due to time-consuming and hard physical work.

  • biological control of Rumex obtusifolius and Rumex crispus by goat grazing
    Weed Biology and Management, 2014
    Co-Authors: Michal Hejcman, Pavla Hejcmanová, Lukas Strnad, Vilém Pavlů
    Abstract:

    Rumex obtusifolius and Rumex crispus are problematic grassland weedy species, particularly under conditions of organic farming. They are avoided by cattle and horses, but they can be grazed by goats. The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of continuous goat grazing of moderate intensity on R. obtusifolius and R. crispus control. In 2008, 40 seedlings of each species were transplanted into pasture that was grazed by goats (crossbreed Czech white × Czech brown) on the target sward height of 7–10 cm. The number of leaves, proportion of grazed leaves and mortality of plants were monitored over the following 4 years. The number of leaves per plant was higher for R. obtusifolius than for R. crispus. The maximal number of leaves per plant of R. obtusifolius and R. crispus was 10 and 5, respectively. The proportion of grazed leaves was generally higher for R. obtusifolius than for R. crispus and ranged from 10% to 80%. No fertile plant was recorded during the experiment, as goat grazing totally prevented the flowering of both species. The level of mortality of the plants at the start of the fourth grazing season was 70% and 87% for R. obtusifolius and R. crispus, respectively, and no plant survived the fourth grazing season. It was concluded that continuous goat grazing of a moderate intensity that is carried out over 4 years seems to be an effective method for the non-chemical control of R. obtusifolius and R. crispus in grassland.

  • Effects of nutrient availability on performance and mortality of Rumex obtusifolius and R. crispus in unmanaged grassland
    Journal of Pest Science, 2012
    Co-Authors: Michal Hejcman, Pavla Hejcmanová, Lukas Strnad, Vilém Pavlů
    Abstract:

    Several authors record high mortality of the weedy species Rumex obtusifolius in unmanaged grasslands, but there have never been any studies on how the performance and mortality of R. obtusifolius and R. crispus are affected by different nutrient availability in unmanaged temperate grasslands. To investigate this question, we established a seedlings transplantation and fertiliser experiment on unmanaged Dactylis glomerata grassland in Czech Republic. We monitored plant height, number of leaves per plant, fertility and mortality of transplanted R. obtusifolius and R. crispus plants, from 2008 to 2011, in an unfertilised (U) and a fertilised (F) treatment (manure applied in 2008 at the rate of 200 kg of nitrogen, 42 kg of phosphorus and 230 kg of potassium per ha). In 2010, taller plants of both species were recorded in treatment F than in treatment U, but there was no effect of treatment on the number of leaves. In 2010, fertility for both species was 50% in treatment F, but only 20% for R. obtusifolius and 10% for R. crispus in treatment U. Over 4 years, no mortality of R. obtusifolius in treatment F contrasted with 30% mortality in treatment U. In the case of R. crispus , mortality was 50% in treatment F and 28% in treatment U. An increase in nutrient availability can decrease mortality of R. obtusifolius plants in grasslands, but increase mortality of R. crispus . It seems that leaving grassland unmanaged for several years is only an effective strategy for control of R. obtusifolius under conditions of low nutrient availability.

Pavel Tlustos - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

P E Hatcher - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • combining competition from lolium perenne and an insect fungus combination to control Rumex obtusifolius seedlings
    Weed Research, 2004
    Co-Authors: I P Keary, P E Hatcher
    Abstract:

    Although adult Rumex obtusifolius are problematic weeds, their seedlings are poor competitors against Lolium perenne, particularly in established swards. We investigated the possibility of using this weakness to augment control of R. obtusifolius seedlings with combinations of Gastrophysa viridula (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the rust fungus Uromyces rumicis. Rumex obtusifolius seedlings were grown in competition with L. perenne sown at different rates and times after R. obtusifolius: they competed successfully with L. perenne when sown 21 days before the grass. Sowing both species at the same time resulted in a dominant grass sward, with R. obtusifolius becoming dominant when sown 42 days prior to L. perenne. Grass sowing rate had no effect on R. obtusifolius growth or biomass. A second experiment investigated how competition from L. perenne sown 21 days after R. obtusifolius combined with damage from G. viridula and/or U. rumicis (applied at either the 3-4- or 10-13-leaf stage, or at both stages) affected the growth and final biomass of R. obtusifolius. Beetle grazing at the latter leaf stage was the only treatment that reduced R. obtusifolius biomass, although rust infection at the earlier application led to an increase in shoot and root weight. The results are discussed in terms of the potential for use of these agents in the field.

  • Combining competition from Lolium perenne and an insect–fungus combination to control Rumex obtusifolius seedlings
    Weed Research, 2004
    Co-Authors: I P Keary, P E Hatcher
    Abstract:

    Although adult Rumex obtusifolius are problematic weeds, their seedlings are poor competitors against Lolium perenne, particularly in established swards. We investigated the possibility of using this weakness to augment control of R. obtusifolius seedlings with combinations of Gastrophysa viridula (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) and the rust fungus Uromyces rumicis. Rumex obtusifolius seedlings were grown in competition with L. perenne sown at different rates and times after R. obtusifolius: they competed successfully with L. perenne when sown 21 days before the grass. Sowing both species at the same time resulted in a dominant grass sward, with R. obtusifolius becoming dominant when sown 42 days prior to L. perenne. Grass sowing rate had no effect on R. obtusifolius growth or biomass. A second experiment investigated how competition from L. perenne sown 21 days after R. obtusifolius combined with damage from G. viridula and/or U. rumicis (applied at either the 3-4- or 10-13-leaf stage, or at both stages) affected the growth and final biomass of R. obtusifolius. Beetle grazing at the latter leaf stage was the only treatment that reduced R. obtusifolius biomass, although rust infection at the earlier application led to an increase in shoot and root weight. The results are discussed in terms of the potential for use of these agents in the field.

  • the effect of nitrogen fertilization and rust fungus infection singly and combined on the leaf chemical composition of Rumex obtusifolius
    Functional Ecology, 1997
    Co-Authors: P E Hatcher, Nigel D Paul, P.g. Ayres, J B Whittaker
    Abstract:

    1. The chrysomelid beetle Gastrophysa viridula occurs on Rumex obtusifolius growing in a range of nutrient conditions and also on plants infected with the foliar fungus Uromyces rumicis. In a controlled environment, we investigated the effect of fertilizing plants with eight nitrate and four ammonium concentrations, with or without infection, on leaf nutritional quality. 2. Increasing nitrate fertilization increased leaf oxalate, total nitrogen and nitrate concentrations and water content, and decreased total non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations. Increasing ammonium fertilization increased leaf nitrogen concentration and water content, decreased nitrate and NSC concentrations, and had no effect on oxalate concentrations. 3. Infection produced a mainly additive effect to fertilization, increasing NSC and oxalate, and decreasing nitrate and nitrogen concentration in whole plants fed nitrate, and increasing nitrate and NSC in whole plants fed ammonium. 4. Young leaves on infected plants remained uninfected and had greater nitrogen and NSC concentrations, and lower oxalate and nitrate concentrations, than infected leaves on the same plant. 5. These results are discussed in relation to changes in C:N and NSC:organic nitrogen ratios, the effect of nitrate and oxalate, and the known feeding and oviposition preferences of the beetle. The results suggest that there is an optimum nitrogen fertilization level for G. viridula development.

J B Whittaker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the use of clip cages to restrain insects reduces leaf expansion systemically in Rumex obtusifolius
    Ecological Entomology, 2003
    Co-Authors: Jason P Moore, Jane E Taylor, Nigel D Paul, J B Whittaker
    Abstract:

    1. Clip cages have been used widely by experimental ecologists to contain insects on plants. 2. Under controlled conditions, the effect of applying clip cages alone and clip cages and the chrysomelid beetle Gastrophysa viridula on systemic leaf expansion of Rumex obtusifolius was investigated. Treatments were applied to the fully expanded fourth leaf and expansion of leaf 8 was measured over a period of 22 days. 3. The application of clip cages reduced the rate at which leaf area increased and led to reductions in final leaf areas. 4. Clip cages have systemic effects on plant development and these effects are sustained even after the clip cage is removed. Investigators should take this into account in designing experiments.

  • the effect of nitrogen fertilization and rust fungus infection singly and combined on the leaf chemical composition of Rumex obtusifolius
    Functional Ecology, 1997
    Co-Authors: P E Hatcher, Nigel D Paul, P.g. Ayres, J B Whittaker
    Abstract:

    1. The chrysomelid beetle Gastrophysa viridula occurs on Rumex obtusifolius growing in a range of nutrient conditions and also on plants infected with the foliar fungus Uromyces rumicis. In a controlled environment, we investigated the effect of fertilizing plants with eight nitrate and four ammonium concentrations, with or without infection, on leaf nutritional quality. 2. Increasing nitrate fertilization increased leaf oxalate, total nitrogen and nitrate concentrations and water content, and decreased total non-structural carbohydrate (NSC) concentrations. Increasing ammonium fertilization increased leaf nitrogen concentration and water content, decreased nitrate and NSC concentrations, and had no effect on oxalate concentrations. 3. Infection produced a mainly additive effect to fertilization, increasing NSC and oxalate, and decreasing nitrate and nitrogen concentration in whole plants fed nitrate, and increasing nitrate and NSC in whole plants fed ammonium. 4. Young leaves on infected plants remained uninfected and had greater nitrogen and NSC concentrations, and lower oxalate and nitrate concentrations, than infected leaves on the same plant. 5. These results are discussed in relation to changes in C:N and NSC:organic nitrogen ratios, the effect of nitrate and oxalate, and the known feeding and oviposition preferences of the beetle. The results suggest that there is an optimum nitrogen fertilization level for G. viridula development.

  • physiological responses of leaves of Rumex obtusifolius to damage by a leaf miner
    Functional Ecology, 1994
    Co-Authors: J B Whittaker
    Abstract:

    1. Larvae of the leaf-mining fly Pegomya nigritarsis cause blotch mines on leaves of Rumex obtusifolius. 2. Effects of mines on net photosynthesis, water vapour conductance and stomatal functioning were measured. 3. Net photosynthesis of mined tissue was on average 20% of healthy tissue. 4. Water vapour conductance was significantly higher from the abaxial surface than the adaxial. Conductance from the adaxial surface of younger (smaller) mines was significantly lower than from adjacent healthy adaxial epidermis. For older (larger) mines, conductance was higher from the mined area than from adjacent healthy lamina. 5. Water loss from detached leaves with mines occurred at a faster rate than from undamaged leaves. 6. Stomata in the epidermis above mines did not function properly. In smaller mines stomata tended to remain closed whereas in older mines stomata tended to remain open. 7. Consequences arising from insect damage in the field are discussed.

  • when grazed by tipula paludosa lolium perenne is a stronger competitor of Rumex obtusifolius
    Journal of Ecology, 1993
    Co-Authors: J Ramsell, A J C Malloch, J B Whittaker
    Abstract:

    1) Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of root-grazing by Tipula paludosa on competitive interactions between Rumex obtusifolius and Lolium perenne in the glasshouse. 2) Preference tests found that T. paludosa larvae preferred L. perenne to R. obtusifolius plant material, consuming twice as much of the former when presented with either the shoot material or the whole plant. 3) Competition experiments involved replacement series at a range of planting densities and the methodology of Jolliffe et al. (1984). 4 Leatherjacket grazing significantly reduced L. perenne but not R. obtusifolius dry weights in monoculture in the glasshouse

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