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R. Lal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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deforestation and land use effects on Soil degradation and rehabilitation in western nigeria ii Soil Chemical Properties
Land Degradation & Development, 1996Co-Authors: R. LalAbstract:Temporal changes in Soil Chemical and nutritional Properties were evaluated in a long-term experiment conducted on Alfisols in West Africa. Effects of land use and cropping duration on Soil Chemical Properties at 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm depths were evaluated for five treatments: (1) alley cropping with Leucaena leucocephala established on the contour at 4-m intervals; (2) mucuna (Mucuna utilis) fallowing for 1 year followed by maize (Zea mays)-cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivation for 2 years on severely degraded land; (3) fallowing with mucuna on moderately degraded Soils; (4) ley farming involving growing improved pastures for 1 year, grazing for the second year, and growing maize-cowpea for the third year on severely degraded land; (5) ley farming on moderately degraded Soils. Soil Chemical Properties were measured once every year from 1982 through 1986 during the dry season, and included pH, Soil organic carbon (SOC), total Soil nitrogen (TSN), Bray-P, exchangeable cations, and effective cation exchange capacity (CEC). Regardless of the cropping system treatments, Soil Chemical quality decreased with cultivation time. The rate of decrease at 0–5 cm depth was 0·23 units year−1 for pH, 0·05 per cent year−1 for SOC, 0·012 per cent year−1 for TSN, 0·49 cmol kg−1 year−1 for Ca2+, 0·03 cmol kg−1 year−1 for Mg2+, 0·018 cmol kg−1 year−1 for K+, and 0·48 cmol kg−1 year−1 for CEC. Although there was also a general decrease in Soil Chemical quality at 5–10 cm depth, the trends were not clearly defined. In contrast to the decrease in Soil Properties given above, there was an increase in concentration at 0–5 cm depth of total acidity with cultivation time at the rate of 0·62 cmol kg−1 year−1, and of Mn3+ concentration at the rate of 0·081 cmol kg−1 year−1. Continuous cropping also increased the concentration of Bray-P at 0–5 cm depth due to application of phosphatic fertilizer. Trends in Soil Chemical Properties were not clearly defined with regards to cropping system treatments. In general, however, Soil Chemical Properties were relatively favorable in ley farming and mucuna fallowing treatments imposed on moderately degraded Soils. Results are discussed in terms of recommended rates of fertilizer use, in view of Soil test values, expected yields, and critical limits of Soil Properties.
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Deforestation and land‐use effects on Soil degradation and rehabilitation in western Nigeria. II. Soil Chemical Properties
Land Degradation & Development, 1996Co-Authors: R. LalAbstract:Temporal changes in Soil Chemical and nutritional Properties were evaluated in a long-term experiment conducted on Alfisols in West Africa. Effects of land use and cropping duration on Soil Chemical Properties at 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm depths were evaluated for five treatments: (1) alley cropping with Leucaena leucocephala established on the contour at 4-m intervals; (2) mucuna (Mucuna utilis) fallowing for 1 year followed by maize (Zea mays)-cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivation for 2 years on severely degraded land; (3) fallowing with mucuna on moderately degraded Soils; (4) ley farming involving growing improved pastures for 1 year, grazing for the second year, and growing maize-cowpea for the third year on severely degraded land; (5) ley farming on moderately degraded Soils. Soil Chemical Properties were measured once every year from 1982 through 1986 during the dry season, and included pH, Soil organic carbon (SOC), total Soil nitrogen (TSN), Bray-P, exchangeable cations, and effective cation exchange capacity (CEC). Regardless of the cropping system treatments, Soil Chemical quality decreased with cultivation time. The rate of decrease at 0–5 cm depth was 0·23 units year−1 for pH, 0·05 per cent year−1 for SOC, 0·012 per cent year−1 for TSN, 0·49 cmol kg−1 year−1 for Ca2+, 0·03 cmol kg−1 year−1 for Mg2+, 0·018 cmol kg−1 year−1 for K+, and 0·48 cmol kg−1 year−1 for CEC. Although there was also a general decrease in Soil Chemical quality at 5–10 cm depth, the trends were not clearly defined. In contrast to the decrease in Soil Properties given above, there was an increase in concentration at 0–5 cm depth of total acidity with cultivation time at the rate of 0·62 cmol kg−1 year−1, and of Mn3+ concentration at the rate of 0·081 cmol kg−1 year−1. Continuous cropping also increased the concentration of Bray-P at 0–5 cm depth due to application of phosphatic fertilizer. Trends in Soil Chemical Properties were not clearly defined with regards to cropping system treatments. In general, however, Soil Chemical Properties were relatively favorable in ley farming and mucuna fallowing treatments imposed on moderately degraded Soils. Results are discussed in terms of recommended rates of fertilizer use, in view of Soil test values, expected yields, and critical limits of Soil Properties.
Kenneth G. Cassman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Long‐Term Effects of Tillage on Soil Chemical Properties and Grain Yields of a Dryland Winter Wheat–Sorghum/Corn–Fallow Rotation in the Great Plains
Agronomy Journal, 2006Co-Authors: David D. Tarkalson, Gary W. Hergert, Kenneth G. CassmanAbstract:Tillage systems and nutrient management influence Soil Chemical Properties that can impact the long-term sustainability of dryland production systems. This study was conducted to compare the effects of no-till (NT) and conventional till (CT) on the Soil Chemical Properties and grain yield of a dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]/corn (Zea mays L.)-fallow rotation. The effects of tillage practice over a 27-yr period (1962-1989) and the effect of the conversion of CT to NT over a 14-yr period (1989-2003) on selected Soil Chemical Properties [pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), Soil organic C (SOC), K, Ca, Mg, and Bray-P] at different Soil depths was determined. The addification rate of the NT treatment from 1962 to 2003 was also determined. The study was conducted at North Platte, NE on a Holdrege silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, music Typic Argiustolls). In 1989, there were differences in Soil Chemical Properties between CT and NT at some depths after 27 yr. However, in 2003, 14 yr after converting from CT to NT, there were no differences in the Soil Chemical Properties compared with continuous NT. In 1989 and 2003, the Soil Chemical Properties varied with Soil depth. The acidification rate from 1962 to 2003 for the NT treatment in the 0- to 15-cm depth was 1.3 kmol H + ha -1 yr -1 . This rate of addification represents 38% of the total potential acidity from N fertilizer applications over 41 yr. Addification was attributed to nitrification of ammonium-based fertilizers and leaching of NO 3 - . Long-term winter wheat (1966-1983) and grain sorghum (1964-1988) grain yields were higher for NT (2718 and 4125 kg ha -1 ) than CT (2421 and 3062 kg ha -1 ). Retention of Soil moisture as a result of increased residue cover under NT likely contributed to higher NT yields. Soil Chemical Properties in the wheat-sorghum/corn-fallow rotation will likely continue to change as a result of current management practices. Lime additions may become necessary in the future to ensure the sustainability of crop production in this system.
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long term effects of tillage on Soil Chemical Properties and grain yields of a dryland winter wheat sorghum corn fallow rotation in the great plains
Agronomy Journal, 2006Co-Authors: David D. Tarkalson, Gary W. Hergert, Kenneth G. CassmanAbstract:Tillage systems and nutrient management influence Soil Chemical Properties that can impact the long-term sustainability of dryland production systems. This study was conducted to compare the effects of no-till (NT) and conventional till (CT) on the Soil Chemical Properties and grain yield of a dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]/corn (Zea mays L.)-fallow rotation. The effects of tillage practice over a 27-yr period (1962-1989) and the effect of the conversion of CT to NT over a 14-yr period (1989-2003) on selected Soil Chemical Properties [pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), Soil organic C (SOC), K, Ca, Mg, and Bray-P] at different Soil depths was determined. The addification rate of the NT treatment from 1962 to 2003 was also determined. The study was conducted at North Platte, NE on a Holdrege silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, music Typic Argiustolls). In 1989, there were differences in Soil Chemical Properties between CT and NT at some depths after 27 yr. However, in 2003, 14 yr after converting from CT to NT, there were no differences in the Soil Chemical Properties compared with continuous NT. In 1989 and 2003, the Soil Chemical Properties varied with Soil depth. The acidification rate from 1962 to 2003 for the NT treatment in the 0- to 15-cm depth was 1.3 kmol H + ha -1 yr -1 . This rate of addification represents 38% of the total potential acidity from N fertilizer applications over 41 yr. Addification was attributed to nitrification of ammonium-based fertilizers and leaching of NO 3 - . Long-term winter wheat (1966-1983) and grain sorghum (1964-1988) grain yields were higher for NT (2718 and 4125 kg ha -1 ) than CT (2421 and 3062 kg ha -1 ). Retention of Soil moisture as a result of increased residue cover under NT likely contributed to higher NT yields. Soil Chemical Properties in the wheat-sorghum/corn-fallow rotation will likely continue to change as a result of current management practices. Lime additions may become necessary in the future to ensure the sustainability of crop production in this system.
David D. Tarkalson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Long‐Term Effects of Tillage on Soil Chemical Properties and Grain Yields of a Dryland Winter Wheat–Sorghum/Corn–Fallow Rotation in the Great Plains
Agronomy Journal, 2006Co-Authors: David D. Tarkalson, Gary W. Hergert, Kenneth G. CassmanAbstract:Tillage systems and nutrient management influence Soil Chemical Properties that can impact the long-term sustainability of dryland production systems. This study was conducted to compare the effects of no-till (NT) and conventional till (CT) on the Soil Chemical Properties and grain yield of a dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]/corn (Zea mays L.)-fallow rotation. The effects of tillage practice over a 27-yr period (1962-1989) and the effect of the conversion of CT to NT over a 14-yr period (1989-2003) on selected Soil Chemical Properties [pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), Soil organic C (SOC), K, Ca, Mg, and Bray-P] at different Soil depths was determined. The addification rate of the NT treatment from 1962 to 2003 was also determined. The study was conducted at North Platte, NE on a Holdrege silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, music Typic Argiustolls). In 1989, there were differences in Soil Chemical Properties between CT and NT at some depths after 27 yr. However, in 2003, 14 yr after converting from CT to NT, there were no differences in the Soil Chemical Properties compared with continuous NT. In 1989 and 2003, the Soil Chemical Properties varied with Soil depth. The acidification rate from 1962 to 2003 for the NT treatment in the 0- to 15-cm depth was 1.3 kmol H + ha -1 yr -1 . This rate of addification represents 38% of the total potential acidity from N fertilizer applications over 41 yr. Addification was attributed to nitrification of ammonium-based fertilizers and leaching of NO 3 - . Long-term winter wheat (1966-1983) and grain sorghum (1964-1988) grain yields were higher for NT (2718 and 4125 kg ha -1 ) than CT (2421 and 3062 kg ha -1 ). Retention of Soil moisture as a result of increased residue cover under NT likely contributed to higher NT yields. Soil Chemical Properties in the wheat-sorghum/corn-fallow rotation will likely continue to change as a result of current management practices. Lime additions may become necessary in the future to ensure the sustainability of crop production in this system.
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long term effects of tillage on Soil Chemical Properties and grain yields of a dryland winter wheat sorghum corn fallow rotation in the great plains
Agronomy Journal, 2006Co-Authors: David D. Tarkalson, Gary W. Hergert, Kenneth G. CassmanAbstract:Tillage systems and nutrient management influence Soil Chemical Properties that can impact the long-term sustainability of dryland production systems. This study was conducted to compare the effects of no-till (NT) and conventional till (CT) on the Soil Chemical Properties and grain yield of a dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]/corn (Zea mays L.)-fallow rotation. The effects of tillage practice over a 27-yr period (1962-1989) and the effect of the conversion of CT to NT over a 14-yr period (1989-2003) on selected Soil Chemical Properties [pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), Soil organic C (SOC), K, Ca, Mg, and Bray-P] at different Soil depths was determined. The addification rate of the NT treatment from 1962 to 2003 was also determined. The study was conducted at North Platte, NE on a Holdrege silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, music Typic Argiustolls). In 1989, there were differences in Soil Chemical Properties between CT and NT at some depths after 27 yr. However, in 2003, 14 yr after converting from CT to NT, there were no differences in the Soil Chemical Properties compared with continuous NT. In 1989 and 2003, the Soil Chemical Properties varied with Soil depth. The acidification rate from 1962 to 2003 for the NT treatment in the 0- to 15-cm depth was 1.3 kmol H + ha -1 yr -1 . This rate of addification represents 38% of the total potential acidity from N fertilizer applications over 41 yr. Addification was attributed to nitrification of ammonium-based fertilizers and leaching of NO 3 - . Long-term winter wheat (1966-1983) and grain sorghum (1964-1988) grain yields were higher for NT (2718 and 4125 kg ha -1 ) than CT (2421 and 3062 kg ha -1 ). Retention of Soil moisture as a result of increased residue cover under NT likely contributed to higher NT yields. Soil Chemical Properties in the wheat-sorghum/corn-fallow rotation will likely continue to change as a result of current management practices. Lime additions may become necessary in the future to ensure the sustainability of crop production in this system.
Nsalambi V. Nkongolo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Tillage, Cover Crop and Crop Rotation Effects on Selected Soil Chemical Properties
Sustainability, 2019Co-Authors: Samuel I. Haruna, Nsalambi V. NkongoloAbstract:Research results still vary, especially between locations, on the effects of agricultural practices on Soil Chemical Properties and crop yield, and not all reasons for the variation are fully understood. Thus, this study investigated the influence of tillage, cover crop and crop rotation management practices on selected Soil Chemical Properties. The study was conducted on a silt-loam Soil in central Missouri during the 2011 to 2013 growing seasons. The Soil was managed by moldboard plow tillage at two levels (tillage [till] vs. no-tillage [NT]). Cover crop management included cereal rye (Secale cereale) at two levels (cover crop [CC] vs. no cover crop [NC]). The main crops that were grown were a corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation. The Soil samples were collected each year at 0–10 cm, 10–20 cm, 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm depths for the analysis of Soil Chemical Properties. The results showed that after 3 years of study, the relative increase in percent Soil organic matter (OM) was 4% under the no-till management as compared with moldboard plow tillage. In addition, the relative change in the percentage of OM was 8% greater in the CC management compared with NC. Furthermore, the results show a significant improvement (p = 0.0304) in total carbon with a combination of no-till management and a corn/soybean rotation as compared with continuous corn and soybean. The interaction effects of the management practices on the Soil Chemical Properties were difficult to predict throughout the study.
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Spatial and Fractal Characterization of Soil Chemical Properties and Nutrients across Depths in a Clay-Loam Soil
Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2014Co-Authors: Samuel I. Haruna, Nsalambi V. NkongoloAbstract:Researchers assessed the spatial distribution of Soil Chemical Properties and nutrients at four depths in a clay loam Soil cropped to corn and soybean at Freeman farm of Lincoln University. Soil samples were taken at depths of 0–10, 10–20, 20–40, and 40–60 cm in a 4.05-ha field and analyzed for acidity or basicity (pH), cation exchange capacity (CEC), total carbon (TC), organic matter (OM), base saturations on the CEC, ammonium (NH4+), nitrate (NO3−), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn). Results showed that coefficients of variation (CV) ranged between 5 and 30%, except for TC, NO3−, and Zn, which had greater CVs. Soil Chemical Properties and nutrients responded to exponential, linear, Gaussian, and spherical variogram models with nugget-to-sill ratios ≤ 1.0 and effective ranges from 4 to 56 m. Fractal analysis showed that CEC in all depths belonged to the 1.99 ≥ D3 ≥ 1.90 group, which suggests great di...
K R Sistani - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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tillage cover cropping and poultry litter effects on selected Soil Chemical Properties
Soil & Tillage Research, 2001Co-Authors: E Z Nyakatawa, K C Reddy, K R SistaniAbstract:Abstract Conservation tillage systems such as no-till with winter rye cover cropping change Soil Chemical Properties, which affect crop growth and the environment. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of no-till and mulch-till systems, surface application of poultry litter, and winter rye (Secale cereale L.) cover crop on Soil pH, Soil organic matter (SOM), and N and P concentrations in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) plots. The study was done on a Decatur silt loam in north Alabama from 1996 to 1998. SOM under no-till and mulch-till systems in the 0–15 cm Soil depth in November 1998 was 22 g kg−1 (P
