Small Mammals

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Huaming Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • what drives the species richness patterns of non volant Small Mammals along a subtropical elevational gradient
    Ecography, 2013
    Co-Authors: Qisen Yang, Zhixin Wen, Lin Xia, Qian Zhang, Huaming Zhou
    Abstract:

    The biodiversity of non-volant Small Mammals along an extensive subtropical elevational gradient was studied for the first time on Gongga Mountain, the highest mountain in Hengduan Mountain ranges in China, located in one of the 25 global biodiversity hotspots. Non-volant Small Mammals were replicate sampled in two seasons at eight sampling sites between 1000 and 4200 m elevation on the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain. In all, 726 individual Small Mammals representing 25 species were documented in 28 800 trap nights. The species richness pattern for non-volant Small Mammals along the elevational gradients was hump-shaped with highest richness at mid-elevations. However, different richness patterns emerged between endemic and non-endemic species, between larger-ranged and Smaller-ranged species and between rodents and insectivores. Temperature, precipitation, plant species richness and geometric constraints (mid- domain effect) were most significant in explaining species richness patterns. Based on the analysis of simple ordinary least squares (OLS) and stepwise multiple regressions, the overall richness pattern, as well as the pattern of insectivores, endemic species and larger-ranged species showed strong correlation with geometric constraint predictions. However, non-endemic species richness was more strongly correlated with temperature, while rodent richness was correlated with plant species richness. Our study shows that no single key factor can explain all richness patterns of non-volant Small Mammals. We need to be cautious in summarizing a general richness pattern of large species groups (e.g. Small Mammals or Mammals) from species in Smaller groups having different ecological distributions and life histories. Elevational richness patterns and their driving factors for Small Mammals are more likely dependent on what kind of species we study.

Jens Jacob - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Spatial and temporal exposure patterns in non-target Small Mammals during brodifacoum rat control
    Science of The Total Environment, 2014
    Co-Authors: Anke Geduhn, Alexandra Esther, Detlef Schenke, H. Mattes, Jens Jacob
    Abstract:

    Abstract Worldwide pest rodents on livestock farms are often regulated using anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs). Second generation ARs in particular can cause poisoning in non-target species due to their high toxicity and persistence. However, research on exposure of Small Mammals is rare. We systematically investigated spatial and temporal exposure patterns of non-target Small Mammals in a large-scale replicated study. Small Mammals were trapped at different distances to bait stations on ten farms before, during and after brodifacoum (BR) bait application, and liver samples of 1178 non-target Small Mammals were analyzed for residues of eight ARs using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. BR residues were present in 23% out of 742 samples collected during and after baiting. We found clear spatial and temporal exposure patterns. High BR residue concentrations mainly occurred within 15 m from bait stations. Occurrence and concentrations of residues significantly decreased with increasing distance. This pattern was found in almost all investigated taxa. After baiting, significantly more individuals contained residues than during baiting but concentrations were considerably lower. Residue occurrence and concentrations differed significantly among taxa, with the highest maximal residue concentrations in Apodemus species, which are protected in Germany. Although Sorex species are known to be insectivorous we regularly found residues in this genus. Residues of active agents other than brodifacoum were rare in all samples. The confirmation of substantial primary exposure in non-target Small Mammals close to the baiting area indicates considerable risk of secondary poisoning of predators, a pathway that was possibly underestimated until now. Our results will help to develop risk mitigation strategies to reduce risk for non-target Small Mammals, as well as their predators, in relation to biocidal AR usage.

Yasuhiro Yoshikawa - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • exotic Small Mammals as potential reservoirs of zoonotic bartonella spp
    Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2009
    Co-Authors: Kai Inoue, Hidenori Kabeya, Keiko Hagiya, Yasuhito Izumi, Soichi Maruyama, Yasuhiro Yoshikawa
    Abstract:

    To evaluate the risk for emerging human infections caused by zoonotic Bartonella spp. from exotic Small Mammals, we investigated the prevalence of Bartonella spp. in 546 Small Mammals (28 species) that had been imported into Japan as pets from Asia, North America, Europe, and the Middle and Near East. We obtained 407 Bartonella isolates and characterized them by molecular phylogenetic analysis of the citrate synthase gene, gltA. The animals examined carried 4 zoonotic Bartonella spp. that cause human endocarditis and neuroretinitis and 6 novel Bartonella spp. at a high prevalence (26.0%, 142/546). We conclude that exotic Small Mammals potentially serve as reservoirs of several zoonotic Bartonella spp.

Qisen Yang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • what drives the species richness patterns of non volant Small Mammals along a subtropical elevational gradient
    Ecography, 2013
    Co-Authors: Qisen Yang, Zhixin Wen, Lin Xia, Qian Zhang, Huaming Zhou
    Abstract:

    The biodiversity of non-volant Small Mammals along an extensive subtropical elevational gradient was studied for the first time on Gongga Mountain, the highest mountain in Hengduan Mountain ranges in China, located in one of the 25 global biodiversity hotspots. Non-volant Small Mammals were replicate sampled in two seasons at eight sampling sites between 1000 and 4200 m elevation on the eastern slope of Gongga Mountain. In all, 726 individual Small Mammals representing 25 species were documented in 28 800 trap nights. The species richness pattern for non-volant Small Mammals along the elevational gradients was hump-shaped with highest richness at mid-elevations. However, different richness patterns emerged between endemic and non-endemic species, between larger-ranged and Smaller-ranged species and between rodents and insectivores. Temperature, precipitation, plant species richness and geometric constraints (mid- domain effect) were most significant in explaining species richness patterns. Based on the analysis of simple ordinary least squares (OLS) and stepwise multiple regressions, the overall richness pattern, as well as the pattern of insectivores, endemic species and larger-ranged species showed strong correlation with geometric constraint predictions. However, non-endemic species richness was more strongly correlated with temperature, while rodent richness was correlated with plant species richness. Our study shows that no single key factor can explain all richness patterns of non-volant Small Mammals. We need to be cautious in summarizing a general richness pattern of large species groups (e.g. Small Mammals or Mammals) from species in Smaller groups having different ecological distributions and life histories. Elevational richness patterns and their driving factors for Small Mammals are more likely dependent on what kind of species we study.

Michel Brossard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • pcr detection of granulocytic ehrlichiae in ixodes ricinus ticks and wild Small Mammals in western switzerland
    Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Laurence Anderes, John W Sumner, Robert F Massung, Lise Gern, Bernard Rutti, Michel Brossard
    Abstract:

    The presence of granulocytic ehrlichiae was demonstrated by PCR in Ixodes ricinus ticks and wild Small Mammals in Switzerland in two areas of endemicity for bovine ehrlichiosis. Six ticks (three females and three nymphs) (1.4%) of 417 I. ricinus ticks collected by flagging vegetation contained ehrlichial DNA. A total of 201 Small Mammals from five species, wood mouse (Apodemus sylvaticus), yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis), earth vole (Pitymys subterraneus), bank vole (Clethrionomys glareolus), and common shrew (Sorex araneus), were trapped. The analysis of I. ricinus Mammals collected on 116 Small Mammals showed that nine C. glareolus voles and two A. sylvaticus mice hosted infected tick larvae. In these rodents, granulocytic ehrlichia infection was also detected in blood, spleen, liver, and ear samples. Further examinations of 190 Small Mammals without ticks or with noninfected ticks showed the presence of ehrlichial DNA in spleen and other tissues from six additional C. glareolus, three A. flavicollis, and one S. araneus Mammals. This study suggests that A. sylvaticus, A. flavicollis, S. araneus, and particularly C. glareolus are likely to be natural reservoirs for granulocytic ehrlichiae. Partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of granulocytic ehrlichiae from ticks and rodents showed a high degree of homology (99 to 100%) with granulocytic ehrlichiae isolated from humans. In contrast, groESL heat shock operon sequence analysis showed a strong divergence (approximately 5%) between the sequences in samples derived from rodents and those derived from samples from questing ticks or from other published ehrlichia sequences. Dual infections with granulocytic ehrlichia and Borrelia burgdorferi were found in ticks and Small Mammals.