The Experts below are selected from a list of 306 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Johnpaul Clarke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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scheduling of airport Runway operations using stochastic branch and bound methods
Transportation Research Part C-emerging Technologies, 2014Co-Authors: Gustaf Solveling, Johnpaul ClarkeAbstract:In this paper we present a solution methodology based on the stochastic branch and bound algorithm to find optimal, or close to optimal, solutions to the stochastic airport Runway scheduling problem. The objective of the scheduling problem is to find a sequence of aircraft operations on one or several Runways that minimizes the total makespan, given uncertain aircraft availability at the Runway. Enhancements to the general stochastic branch and bound algorithm are proposed and we give the specific details pertaining to Runway scheduling. We show how the algorithm can be terminated early with solutions that are close to optimal, and investigate the impact of the uncertainty level. The computational experiment indicates that the sequences obtained using the stochastic branch and bound algorithm have, on average, 5–7% shorter makespans than sequences obtained using deterministic sequencing models. In addition, the proposed algorithm is able to solve instances with 14 aircraft using less than 1 min of computation time.
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Runway assignments that minimize terminal airspace and airport surface emissions
Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics, 2014Co-Authors: Leihong Li, Johnpaul ClarkeAbstract:Air traffic operations at and around major airports in the United States are in need of improvement. From the perspective of arrivals, when one or more Runways are in great demand, unnecessary delay and emissions occur during peak periods at major airports while other Runways at the same airport are operating under capacity. The primary cause of this imbalance in Runway utilization is that traffic flow into and out of terminal areas is asymmetric (as a result of airline scheduling practices) and arrivals are typically assigned to the Runway nearest the fix through which they enter the terminal area. From the perspective of departures, delays and emissions are incurred because arrivals take precedence over departures with regard to the utilization of Runways (despite the absence of binding safety constraints) and because arrival trajectories often include level segments that ensure “procedural separation” from arriving traffic while planes are not allowed to climb unrestricted along the most direct path to...
Hamsa Balakrishnan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Data-Driven Modeling of the Airport Configuration Selection Process
IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, 2015Co-Authors: Varun Ramanujam, Hamsa BalakrishnanAbstract:The Runway configuration is the set of the Runways at an airport that are used for arrivals and departures at any time. While many factors, including weather, expected demand, environmental considerations, and coordination of flows with neighboring airports, influence the choice of Runway configuration, the actual selection decision is made by air traffic controllers in the airport tower. As a result, the capacity of an airport at any time is dependent on the behavior of human decision makers. This paper develops a statistical model to characterize the configuration selection decision process using empirical observations. The proposed approach, based on the discrete-choice modeling framework, identifies the influence of various factors in terms of the utility function of the decision maker. The parameters of the utility functions are estimated through likelihood maximization. Correlations between different alternatives are captured using a multinomial “nested logit” model. A key novelty of this study is the quantitative assessment of the effect of inertia, or the resistance to configuration changes, on the configuration selection process. The developed models are used to predict the Runway configuration 3 h ahead of time, given operating conditions such as wind, visibility, and demand. Case studies based on data from Newark (EWR) and LaGuardia (LGA) airports show that the proposed model predicts Runway configuration choices significantly better than a baseline model that only considers the historical frequencies of occurrence of different configurations.
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Estimation of maximum-likelihood discrete-choice models of the Runway configuration selection process
Proceedings of the 2011 American Control Conference, 2011Co-Authors: Varun Ramanujam, Hamsa BalakrishnanAbstract:The Runway configuration is the subset of the Runways at an airport that are used for arrivals and departures at any time. Many factors, including weather (wind and visibility), expected arrival and departure demand, environmental considerations such as noise abatement procedures, and coordination of flows with neighboring airports, govern the choice of Runway configuration. This paper develops a statistical model to characterize this process using empirical observations. In particular, we demonstrate how a maximum-likelihood discrete-choice model of the Runway configuration process can be estimated using aggregate traffic count and other archived data at an airport, that are available over 15 minute intervals. We show that the estimated discrete-choice model not only identifies the influence of various factors in decision-making, but also provides significantly better predictions of Runway configuration changes than a baseline model based on the frequency of occurrence of different configurations. The approach is illustrated using data from Newark (EWR) and LaGuardia (LGA) airports.
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algorithms for scheduling Runway operations under constrained position shifting
Operations Research, 2010Co-Authors: Hamsa Balakrishnan, Bala ChandranAbstract:The efficient operation of airports, and Runways in particular, is critical to the throughput of the air transportation system as a whole. Scheduling arrivals and departures at Runways is a complex problem that needs to address diverse and often competing considerations of efficiency, safety, and equity among airlines. One approach to Runway scheduling that arises from operational and fairness considerations is that of constrained position shifting (CPS), which requires that an aircraft's position in the optimized sequence not deviate significantly from its position in the first-come-first-served sequence. This paper presents a class of scalable dynamic programming algorithms for Runway scheduling under constrained position shifting and other system constraints. The results from a prototype implementation, which is fast enough to be used in real time, are also presented.
Mark Hansen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Real-Time Prediction of Runway Occupancy Buffers
2020 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytics for Air Transportation (AIDA-AT), 2020Co-Authors: Mark HansenAbstract:To improve Runway safety and efficiency, real-time prediction of the time separation between successive flights using the same Runway would be valuable. In this paper, we develop methods for such predictions, focusing on the time difference between when the prior aircraft exits the Runway and the next arriving aircraft crosses the Runway threshold, a metric we term Runway occupancy buffer. We use two modeling frameworks: a two-stage modeling framework that predicts Runway occupancy buffer through prediction of leading aircraft's Runway occupancy time and trailing aircraft's required time till arrival; and an integrated modeling framework which directly predicts Runway occupancy buffer. Machine learning techniques, linear regression and random forest regression, are applied to train the model. Seven models are investigated and compared at different distances from the Runway threshold. Random forest regression outperforms other models, and it suggests that separation is the most important factor in predicting the Runway occupancy buffer.
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collision course the north airfield safety study at los angeles international airport lax
Transportation Research Part A-policy and Practice, 2015Co-Authors: Arnold Barnett, Amedeo R. Odoni, Michael O Ball, George L Donohue, Mark Hansen, Antonio A TraniAbstract:The LAX North Airfield Safety Study was undertaken by an Academic Panel consisting of the present authors, and was based in large part on a simulation that was conducted at FutureFlight Central at NASA Ames Research Center. The primary aim of the study was “to estimate as specifically as possible the level of future safety associated with several geometrical configurations of the LAX North Airfield.” This paper describes the study, and how it combined information from human-in-the-loop simulations at NASA with historical data from LAX and other US airports about Runway incursions and collisions. The analysis indicated that, even under its existing physical layout, LAX North would experience very low risk of Runway collisions at traffic levels projected for 2020. That risk could be reduced by about half if the North Airfield Runways were reconfigured, and some reconfigurations would also add appreciably to the operational efficiency of the airport. But because the “baseline” level of risk is so low, the Study concluded that “it would be difficult to construct a compelling case on safety grounds alone for reconfiguring the North Airfield.”
Naruto Yonemoto - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Detection characteristic evaluations of optically-connected wideband 96 GHz millimeter-wave radar for airport surface foreign object debris detection
2016 41st International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz), 2016Co-Authors: Shunichi Futatsumori, Kunio Okada, Kazuyuki Morioka, Akiko Kohmura, Naruto YonemotoAbstract:We have been developing a Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) connected wideband 96 GHz millimeter-wave radar system to detect small debris on the airport surface such as on Runways. As the debris on the Runway may cause damage to aircraft, they are required to be removed immediately. This paper discusses the detection characteristic evaluations of the developed 8 GHz frequency-modulated signal bandwidth 96 GHz radar system at an actual airport. The millimeter-wave radar transmission signals are transmitted by the RoF signal. In addition, the -20 dBsm metallic cylinder, which is located on the Runway, is measured to investigate the detection characteristics. Then, the effects of the phase noise characteristics of the frequency-modulated continuous wave signal are investigated based on the measurement results.
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Range resolution evaluation of optically-connected 96 GHz wideband frequency-modulated continuous wave millimeter-wave radar at airport Runway
2016 IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics MWP 2016, 2016Co-Authors: Shunichi Futatsumori, Norihiko Miyazaki, Nobuhiro Sakamoto, Kunio Okada, Kazuyuki Morioka, Akiko Kohmura, Naruto YonemotoAbstract:© 2016 IEEE. Optically-connected distributed-Type millimeter-wave radar system is one of the key solutions to develop a wide coverage, a high detection performance and a high-resolution radar with a low cost. We have been developed optically-connected 96 GHz millimeter-wave radar system to detect small foreign object debris on the airport Runways. The radar transmission signal is delivered to the antenna by the radio-overfiber. In this paper, the range resolution performance of the developed optically-connected 96 GHz wideband frequency-modulated continuous wave millimeter-wave radar system is experimentally investigated on airport environments. The radar utilize 8 GHz bandwidth in the W-band to achieve the cm-class range resolution. From the measurement results on the Runway, the reflection from the 4 cm separated two radar reflectors are successfully separated.
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Optical fiber connected millimeter-wave radar for FOD detection on Runway
2013 European Radar Conference, 2013Co-Authors: Akiko Kohmura, Shunichi Futatsumori, Naruto Yonemoto, Kunio OkadaAbstract:Since the Concorde supersonic aircraft accident in 2000, the threat of Foreign Object Debris (FOD) on airport Runways has been focused on. The FOD detection system is expected to prevent such the tragedy. In order to keep the airport Runways clean and safe, authors are developing radar to detect small metallic objects on the airport Runway surface. Millimeter-wave radar is the first candidate for this purpose because of its high detection resolution. However, the radar surveillance range is generally limited due to the high frequency attenuation and the low power devices. This paper proposes a new concept of FOD detection millimeter-wave radar using a Radio over Fiber (RoF) system. The concept overcomes the attenuation problems by connecting a local signal generator and the millimeter-wave radar module with optical fibers. The optical fiber propagation loss is much less than the free space propagation loss of radio frequency (RF), thus the completely new FOD detection system can be composed by applying the RoF system. Measurements of a prototype system, 94 GHz millimeter-wave radar connected by optical fiber, show the possibilities for the new airport application especially in terms of detection sensitivity.
Kunio Okada - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Detection characteristic evaluations of optically-connected wideband 96 GHz millimeter-wave radar for airport surface foreign object debris detection
2016 41st International Conference on Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz waves (IRMMW-THz), 2016Co-Authors: Shunichi Futatsumori, Kunio Okada, Kazuyuki Morioka, Akiko Kohmura, Naruto YonemotoAbstract:We have been developing a Radio-over-Fiber (RoF) connected wideband 96 GHz millimeter-wave radar system to detect small debris on the airport surface such as on Runways. As the debris on the Runway may cause damage to aircraft, they are required to be removed immediately. This paper discusses the detection characteristic evaluations of the developed 8 GHz frequency-modulated signal bandwidth 96 GHz radar system at an actual airport. The millimeter-wave radar transmission signals are transmitted by the RoF signal. In addition, the -20 dBsm metallic cylinder, which is located on the Runway, is measured to investigate the detection characteristics. Then, the effects of the phase noise characteristics of the frequency-modulated continuous wave signal are investigated based on the measurement results.
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Range resolution evaluation of optically-connected 96 GHz wideband frequency-modulated continuous wave millimeter-wave radar at airport Runway
2016 IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics MWP 2016, 2016Co-Authors: Shunichi Futatsumori, Norihiko Miyazaki, Nobuhiro Sakamoto, Kunio Okada, Kazuyuki Morioka, Akiko Kohmura, Naruto YonemotoAbstract:© 2016 IEEE. Optically-connected distributed-Type millimeter-wave radar system is one of the key solutions to develop a wide coverage, a high detection performance and a high-resolution radar with a low cost. We have been developed optically-connected 96 GHz millimeter-wave radar system to detect small foreign object debris on the airport Runways. The radar transmission signal is delivered to the antenna by the radio-overfiber. In this paper, the range resolution performance of the developed optically-connected 96 GHz wideband frequency-modulated continuous wave millimeter-wave radar system is experimentally investigated on airport environments. The radar utilize 8 GHz bandwidth in the W-band to achieve the cm-class range resolution. From the measurement results on the Runway, the reflection from the 4 cm separated two radar reflectors are successfully separated.
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Optical fiber connected millimeter-wave radar for FOD detection on Runway
2013 European Radar Conference, 2013Co-Authors: Akiko Kohmura, Shunichi Futatsumori, Naruto Yonemoto, Kunio OkadaAbstract:Since the Concorde supersonic aircraft accident in 2000, the threat of Foreign Object Debris (FOD) on airport Runways has been focused on. The FOD detection system is expected to prevent such the tragedy. In order to keep the airport Runways clean and safe, authors are developing radar to detect small metallic objects on the airport Runway surface. Millimeter-wave radar is the first candidate for this purpose because of its high detection resolution. However, the radar surveillance range is generally limited due to the high frequency attenuation and the low power devices. This paper proposes a new concept of FOD detection millimeter-wave radar using a Radio over Fiber (RoF) system. The concept overcomes the attenuation problems by connecting a local signal generator and the millimeter-wave radar module with optical fibers. The optical fiber propagation loss is much less than the free space propagation loss of radio frequency (RF), thus the completely new FOD detection system can be composed by applying the RoF system. Measurements of a prototype system, 94 GHz millimeter-wave radar connected by optical fiber, show the possibilities for the new airport application especially in terms of detection sensitivity.
