The Experts below are selected from a list of 195 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ronald L Davis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gilgamesh is required for Rutabaga independent olfactory learning in drosophila
Neuron, 2010Co-Authors: Dinghui Yu, Ronald L Davis, Jennifer PlettingAbstract:Summary Cyclic AMP signaling in Drosophila mushroom body neurons, anchored by the adenylyl cyclase encoded by the Rutabaga gene, is indispensable for olfactory memory formation. From a screen for new memory mutants, we identified alleles of the gilgamesh ( gish ) gene, which encodes a casein kinase Iγ homolog that is preferentially expressed in the mushroom body neurons. The gish -encoded kinase participates in the physiology of these neurons underlying memory formation since the mutant memory deficit was rescued with expression of a gish cDNA in these neurons only during adulthood. A cellular memory trace, detected as increased calcium influx into the α′/β′ neuron processes in response to the odor used for conditioning, was disrupted in gish mutants. Epistasis experiments indicated a lack of genetic interactions between gish and Rutabaga . Therefore, gish participates in a Rutabaga -independent pathway for memory formation and accounts for some of the residual learning that occurs in Rutabaga mutants.
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pharmacogenetic rescue in time and space of the Rutabaga memory impairment by using gene switch
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004Co-Authors: Gregg Roman, Lin Zong, Ronald L DavisAbstract:The GAL4-based Gene-Switch system has been engineered to regulate transgene expression in Drosophila in both time and space. We constructed a Gene-Switch transgene in which Gene-Switch expression is restricted spatially by a defined mushroom body enhancer. This system allows Gene-Switch to be active only in the mushroom bodies and only on administration of the pharmacological Gene-Switch ligand RU486. This line was used to drive the expression of a Rutabaga cDNA in otherwise Rutabaga mutant flies. Induction of the Rutabaga cDNA in the mushroom bodies only during adulthood, or during adulthood along with the larval and pupal developmental stages, corrects the olfactory memory impairment found in Rutabaga mutants. Induction of the cDNA only during the larval and pupal stages was inconsequential to performance in olfactory memory tasks. These data indicate that normal Rutabaga function must be expressed in adulthood for normal memory and conclusively delimit the time and space expression requirements for correcting the Rutabaga memory impairment. Such combined pharmacogenetic regulation of transgene expression now allows this time and space dissection to be made for other behavioral mutants.
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tissue specific expression of a type i adenylyl cyclase rescues the Rutabaga mutant memory defect in search of the engram
Learning & Memory, 2000Co-Authors: Troy Zars, Ronald L Davis, Reinhard Wolf, Martin HeisenbergAbstract:Most attempts to localize physical correlates of memory in the central nervous system (CNS) rely on ablation techniques. This approach has the limitation of defining just one of an unknown number of structures necessary for memory formation. We have used the Drosophila Rutabaga type I Ca2+/CaM-dependent adenylyl cyclase (AC) gene to determine in which CNS region AC expression is sufficient for memory formation. Using pan-neural and restricted CNS expression with the GAL4 binary transcription activation system, we have rescued the memory defect of the Rutabaga mutant in a fast robust spatial learning paradigm. The ventral ganglion, antennal lobes, and median bundle are likely the CNS structures sufficient for Rutabaga AC- dependent spatial learning.
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preferential expression of the drosophila Rutabaga gene in mushroom bodies neural centers for learning in insects
Neuron, 1992Co-Authors: Lonny R Levin, Randall R Reed, Ronald L DavisAbstract:Abstract Seven lines were isolated with P element insertions in the cytogenetic vicinity of the learning and memory gene, Rutabaga , from an enhancer detector screen designed to mark genes preferentially expressed in mushroom bodies. Six of these lines performed poorly in learning and memory tests, and several failed to complement an existing Rutabaga allele. Molecular cloning revealed that the P elements were inserted in the putative promoter of the Rutabaga gene. RNA in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the expression of the Rutabaga gene, which encodes a Ca 2+ /calmodulin-responsive adenylyl cyclase, is markedly elevated in the mushroom bodies of normal flies and that the insertion elements compromised its expression in the new Rutabaga mutants. The reisolation of a known learning and memory gene, but with a heretofore unknown expression pattern, strongly supports the postulate that mushroom bodies are principal sites mediating olfactory learning and memory.
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the drosophila learning and memory gene Rutabaga encodes a ca2 calmodulin responsive adenylyl cyclase
Cell, 1992Co-Authors: Lonny R Levin, Ronald L Davis, Paul M Hwang, Paul Feinstein, Randall R ReedAbstract:Abstract Four putative adenylyl cyclase genes from Drosophila melanogaster were identified by virtue of their extensive sequence homology with mammalian cyclases. One corresponds to the learning and memory gene Rutabaga and is most similar to the mammalian brain Ca2+calmodulin (CaM)-responsive cyclase. In a mammalian expression system, Rutabaga cyclase activity was stimulated approximately 5-fold by the presence of Ca2+CaM. A point mutation, identified at this locus in rut1 mutant flies, resulted in loss of detectable adenylyl cyclase activity. New P element insertion-induced Rutabaga mutations mapped to within 200 nucleotides of the 5′ end of the Rutabaga cDNA. These data confirm the identity of the Rutabaga locus as the structural gene for the Ca2+CaM-responsive adenylyl cyclase and show that the inactivation of this cyclase leads to a learning and memory defect.
B J Shelp - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of low temperature on the sugar and glucosinolate content of Rutabaga
Scientia Horticulturae, 1991Co-Authors: V I Shattuck, Y Kakuda, B J ShelpAbstract:Shattuck, V.I., Kakuda, Y. and Shelp, B.J., 1991. Effect of low temperature on the sugar and glucosinolate content of Rutabaga. Scientia Hortic., 48: 9-19. Field and greenhouse studies were conducted to investigate the effects of low temperature on the sugar and glucosinolate con~Tentrations in Rutabaga (Brassica napus spp. rapifera (Metzg.) Sinsk) roots. The low temperature treatments consisted of storing field-harvested roots at 0 and I 0°C for g weeks, and subjecting greenhouse-grown plants to an 1 ! day cold treatment (0-12 ° C). During the storage of roots, the total sugar concentration (sucrose, fructose and glucose) increased rapidly during the first 2 weeks, and then levelled off. The total sugar concentration in roots was not influenced by storage temperature.The low temperature treatment of plants resulted in a 10% increase in the total sugar concentration in roets. Low temperature altered the concentration of several glucosinolates in peeled root and peel tissues, but did not induce a qualitative change in the glueosinolate profile. Changes in the glucosinolate concentrations at low temperature were dependent on the treatment, temperature and the root tissue examined.
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effect of turnip mosaic virus infection on the development virus titer glucosinolate concentrations and storability of Rutabaga roots
Plant Disease, 1991Co-Authors: L W Stobbs, V I Shattuck, B J ShelpAbstract:Rows of Rutabaga plants, grown in a greenhouse groundbed, were inoculated with turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) at 2-wk intervals during root development. Plants inoculated within 12 wk after seeding produced unmarketable roots that were small and elongated with severe goosenecking of the upper root and stem. Dry matter content of healthy roots infected at different stages in their development did not differ significantly. Infected roots contained low levels of virus, independent of the stage of root development at which they were inoculated. The presence of TuMV in roots and decay of the roots in storage were not correlated (...)
Pawel Zagrodzki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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influence of different light conditions and time of sprouting on harmful and beneficial aspects of Rutabaga sprouts in comparison to their roots and seeds
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2019Co-Authors: Pawel Paśko, Agnieszka Galanty, Pawel żmudzki, Joanna Gdulaargasinska, Pawel ZagrodzkiAbstract:BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the presence and content of selected phytochemicals, namely glucosinolates, fatty acids and phenolic compounds, in Rutabaga (Brassica napus L. var. napobrassica) sprouts grown under various light conditions, in comparison to Rutabaga seeds and roots. As Rutabaga sprouts are likely to become new functional food, special emphasis was placed on the related risks of progoitrin and erucic acid presence - compounds with proven antinutritive properties. RESULTS: Time of sprouting significantly decreased progoitrin content, especially after 10 days (by 91.5%) and 12 days (by 97.5%), as compared to 8 days. In addition, sprouts grown under dark conditions showed 27%, 60% and 17% reduction in progoitrin level in 8, 10 and 12 days after sowing, respectively, as compared to sprouts grown under natural conditions. Progoitrin was found to be the predominant glucosinolate in Rutabaga seeds (804.07 ± 60.89 mg 100 g-1 dry weight (DW)), accompanied by glucoerucin (157.82 ± 21.04 mg 100 g-1 DW), also found in the roots (82.20 ± 16.53 mg 100 g-1 DW). Among the unsaturated fatty acids in Rutabaga sprouts, erucic, linoleic, linolenic and gondoic acids decreased significantly, and only oleic acid increased as germination days progressed. The amount of harmful erucic acid in Rutabaga sprouts was found to vary between 1.8% and 7%, depending on the day of seeding or light conditions, as compared to 42.5% in the seeds. CONCLUSION: The evaluated Rutabaga products showed a wide content range of potentially antinutritive compounds, sprouts having the lowest amounts of erucic acid and progoitrin. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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interaction between iodine and glucosinolates in Rutabaga sprouts and selected biomarkers of thyroid function in male rats
Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Pawel Paśko, Pawel żmudzki, Krzysztof Okon, Miroslaw Krośniak, Ewelina Prochownik, Jadwiga Kryczykkoziol, Pawel ZagrodzkiAbstract:Abstract Rutabaga sprouts belong to the Brassicaceae family and may exert a negative influence on thyroid function, because they are a rich in glucosinolates. These sprouts are also valuable source of iodine (6.5 ± 0.6 μg/100 g of fresh weight). Sprouts were tested in a long-term experiment with young male rats as an element of their diet, combined with two models of hypothyroidism, the first – deficit of iodine and the second – sulfadimethoxine ingestion as a pharmacological agent caused inhibition of thyroid peroxidase. Evaluations were performed for the serum TSH and thyroid hormones together with analyzes of thyroid histopathology, cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (GPX1), thioredoxin reductase in the thyroid, plasma GPX3 and CAT, erythrocyte GPX1. Rutabaga sprouts’ intake by healthy rats did not cause any harmful effect on their health, including thyroid function. For animals with hypothyroidism, Rutabaga sprouts enhanced the adverse effect of iodine deficiency or ingestion of sulfadimethoxine on the organism. According to the results obtained for young male rats thyroid function, the interpretation of data for human exposure to Rutabaga sprouts has to be avoided. Furthermore, unless new scientific data confirms a lack of the negative effect of brassica sprouts on thyroid function in human, they should not be excluded from the group of goitrogenic products.
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serotonin melatonin and certain indole derivatives profiles in Rutabaga and kohlrabi seeds sprouts bulbs and roots
Lwt - Food Science and Technology, 2014Co-Authors: Pawel Pasko, Katarzyna Sulkowska Ziaja, Bozena Muszynska, Pawel ZagrodzkiAbstract:Abstract Rutabaga and kohlrabi provide valuable and beneficial constituents of human diet. Compounds such as tryptamine, melatonin, indole and methyltryptamine were determined in kohlrabi bulbs in the respective amounts of 1.38 ± 0.31, 0.78 ± 0.09, 0.32 ± 0.03 and 0.67 ± 0.09 μg/100 g fw. Rutabaga roots contained l -tryptophan, tryptamine, melatonin, serotonin and methyltryptamine in the amounts of 3.04 ± 0.95, 1.80 ± 0.20, 0.56 ± 0.09, 0.16 ± 0.06 and 0.98 ± 0.04 μg/100 g fw, respectively. In their seeds three compounds (μg/100 g fw) were found, namely serotonin (0.36 ± 0.05) and l -tryptophan (21.97 ± 1.07) in Rutabaga seeds, whereas in kohlrabi seeds serotonin (4.00 ± 0.07) and indole (0.31 ± 0.01). Evaluated sprouts contained more indole derivates than seeds. Serotonin was observed solely in Rutabaga sprouts, in rather small amounts 0.10 ± 0.00–0.38 ± 0.06 μg/100 g fw. Melatonin concentrations in 8 days sprouts of Rutabaga and kohlrabi were at the level of 0.51 ± 0.11 and 0.70 ± 0.02 μg/100 g fw, respectively. As relatively high concentrations of indole derivates were detected in Rutabaga and kohlrabi, both in ripe plants and their sprouts, these vegetables provide an important source of such compounds.
L W Stobbs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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effect of turnip mosaic virus infection on the development virus titer glucosinolate concentrations and storability of Rutabaga roots
Plant Disease, 1991Co-Authors: L W Stobbs, V I Shattuck, B J ShelpAbstract:Rows of Rutabaga plants, grown in a greenhouse groundbed, were inoculated with turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) at 2-wk intervals during root development. Plants inoculated within 12 wk after seeding produced unmarketable roots that were small and elongated with severe goosenecking of the upper root and stem. Dry matter content of healthy roots infected at different stages in their development did not differ significantly. Infected roots contained low levels of virus, independent of the stage of root development at which they were inoculated. The presence of TuMV in roots and decay of the roots in storage were not correlated (...)
Gregg Roman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the propensity for consuming ethanol in drosophila requires Rutabaga adenylyl cyclase expression within mushroom body neurons
Genes Brain and Behavior, 2012Co-Authors: Shiyu Xu, Tammy P Chan, Vrutant Shah, Shixing Zhang, Scott D Pletcher, Gregg RomanAbstract:Alcohol activates reward systems through an unknown mechanism, in some cases leading to alcohol abuse and dependence. Herein, we utilized a two-choice Capillary Feeder assay to address the neural and molecular basis for ethanol self-administration in Drosophila melanogaster. Wild-type Drosophila shows a significant preference for food containing between 5% and 15% ethanol. Preferred ethanol self-administration does not appear to be due to caloric advantage, nor due to perceptual biases, suggesting a hedonic bias for ethanol exists in Drosophila. Interestingly, Rutabaga adenylyl cyclase expression within intrinsic mushroom body neurons is necessary for robust ethanol self-administration. The expression of Rutabaga in mushroom bodies is also required for both appetitive and aversive olfactory associative memories, suggesting that reinforced behavior has an important role in the ethanol self-administration in Drosophila. However, Rutabaga expression is required more broadly within the mushroom bodies for the preference for ethanol-containing food than for olfactory memories reinforced by sugar reward. Together these data implicate cAMP signaling and behavioral reinforcement for preferred ethanol self-administration in D. melanogaster.
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pharmacogenetic rescue in time and space of the Rutabaga memory impairment by using gene switch
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2004Co-Authors: Gregg Roman, Lin Zong, Ronald L DavisAbstract:The GAL4-based Gene-Switch system has been engineered to regulate transgene expression in Drosophila in both time and space. We constructed a Gene-Switch transgene in which Gene-Switch expression is restricted spatially by a defined mushroom body enhancer. This system allows Gene-Switch to be active only in the mushroom bodies and only on administration of the pharmacological Gene-Switch ligand RU486. This line was used to drive the expression of a Rutabaga cDNA in otherwise Rutabaga mutant flies. Induction of the Rutabaga cDNA in the mushroom bodies only during adulthood, or during adulthood along with the larval and pupal developmental stages, corrects the olfactory memory impairment found in Rutabaga mutants. Induction of the cDNA only during the larval and pupal stages was inconsequential to performance in olfactory memory tasks. These data indicate that normal Rutabaga function must be expressed in adulthood for normal memory and conclusively delimit the time and space expression requirements for correcting the Rutabaga memory impairment. Such combined pharmacogenetic regulation of transgene expression now allows this time and space dissection to be made for other behavioral mutants.