Sambucus

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U K Vogt - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • hydraulic vulnerability vessel refilling and seasonal courses of stem water potential of sorbus aucuparia l and Sambucus nigra l
    Journal of Experimental Botany, 2001
    Co-Authors: U K Vogt
    Abstract:

    Differences in the seasonal variation in stem water potential between the two shrub species Sorbus aucuparia and Sambucus nigra were related with their vulnerability to xylem cavitation. It was also demonstrated indirectly that the two species differ in the extent to which they reverse cavitation. Seasonal variation in stem water potential was investigated during three growing seasons with in situ stem psychrometers. Sorbus experienced wide water potential variations and reached a minimum of -4.2 MPa during drought. Under the same microclimatic conditions, Sambucus experienced consistent stem water potentials with a minimum of -1.7 MPa. The relationship between percentage loss in hydraulic conductivity (PLC) and water potential (hydraulic vulnerability curve) of the two species differed in shape: a flat curve with nearly total loss of conductivity at -6 MPa was found for SORBUS: Sambucus showed a steep vulnerability curve with 90% loss conductivity at -2.2 MPa. Thus, Sambucus is extremely vulnerable to cavitation, but Sorbus is an almost invulnerable species. This different cavitation resistance adjusted the ranges of field stem water potential that the species experienced. Finally, seasonal courses of naturally occurring (native) embolism were compared with calculated PLC courses. This comparison indicates that Sorbus did not refill embolized xylem vessels whereas Sambucus reversed embolism. It was concluded that species which are highly vulnerable to cavitation and drought-induced embolism need refilling of embolized vessels as well as isohydric water potential patterns as two strategies of survival.

  • stem water potential and leaf conductance a comparison of sorbus aucuparia and Sambucus nigra
    Physics and Chemistry of The Earth Part B-hydrology Oceans and Atmosphere, 1999
    Co-Authors: U K Vogt, Robert Losch
    Abstract:

    Abstract Sorbus aucuparia is a pioneer wood which can naturally be found on extreme habitats, e.g. rocky slopes and mountain forests. Sambucus nigra is a species of flood-plain forests. The different strategies of survival of these two species were studied on planted shrubs which were exposed to the same microclimatic conditions in the outdoors of the Botanical Garden of Diisseldorf University. This situation - both species in direct neighbourhood - also exists where Sorbus aucuparia and Sambucus nigra are brought together by man in common habitats like hegerows. Measurements of stem water potential and leaf conductance were carried out on these planted shrubs during the growing season of 1995 under natural conditions. A hot dry period caused a decrease of stem water potential of Sorbus aucuparia below −4 MPa, while Sambucus nigra merely reached a minimum of −1.64 MPa. Sambucus had a lower maximum of leaf conductance than Sorbus and avoided a decrease of stem water potential by reducing leaf conductances early after the beginning of drought. By contrast Sorbus aucuparia showed high leaf conductance,; during one month of drought until water potentials of the shrub had been fallen below −4 MPa. These contrasting patterns of seasonal variations of water potential and stomatal control of transpiration confirm the classification of Sorbus aucuparia as a hydrolabile and Sambucus nigra as a hydrostabile species.

Hugh D. Wilson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Ying Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • glycomyces Sambucus sp nov an endophytic actinomycete isolated from the stem of Sambucus adnata wall
    International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 2007
    Co-Authors: Qiang Gu, Wen Zheng, Ying Huang
    Abstract:

    An actinomycete, designated strain E71T, was isolated from the stem of Sambucus adnata Wall, a Chinese medicinal plant, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the organism was a member of the genus Glycomyces, and formed a distinct phyletic line distantly related to recognized species of the genus Glycomyces. Morphological and chemotaxonomic data supported the affiliation of strain E71T to the genus Glycomyces. A number of physiological properties and a unique menaquinone profile allowed differentiation of the strain from related Glycomyces species. It is therefore proposed that strain E71T represents a novel species of the genus Glycomyces, for which the name Glycomyces Sambucus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is E71T (=CGMCC 4.3147T=DSM 45047T).

James R. Manhart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

Odd G Nilsen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • in vitro inhibition of cyp3a4 by the multiherbal commercial product Sambucus force and its main constituents echinacea purpurea and Sambucus nigra
    Phytotherapy Research, 2012
    Co-Authors: Torstein Schroderaasen, Guri Molden, Odd G Nilsen
    Abstract:

    The multiherbal product Sambucus Force contains Echinacea purpurea and Sambucus nigra as its main constituents. The aims of this study were to evaluate Sambucus Force's inhibition potential and inhibition mechanisms towards CYP3A4, and to evaluate the inhibitory co-contribution of E. purpurea and S. nigra. Metabolic studies were performed with recombinant human CYP3A4, with testosterone as substrate. Sambucus Force inhibited CYP3A4 activity with a mean (95% confidence interval) half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50) ) value of 1192 (1091-1302) µg/mL. The inhibitory potency seems exclusively to be exerted by E. purpurea, implicating an insignificant inhibition by S. nigra. The inhibition by E. purpurea as a single herb was in agreement with mechanism-based inhibition with heterotropic positive cooperative effects. Echinacea purpurea acted differently in the multiherbal product, which showed a dual inhibition profile with both an uncompetitive (substrate-dependent) inhibition and a time-dependent (substrate-independent) inhibitory mechanism. These mechanistic differences are suggested to be caused by herb-herb interactions in the multiherbal product. The CYP3A4 inhibition of Sambucus Force in vitro is considered relatively weak, but recommended high herbal dosages might enhance the potential for clinical interactions.

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