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Tom Gräfenhan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fusarium damage in small cereal grains from Western Canada. 2. Occurrence of fusarium toxins and their source organisms in durum wheat harvested in 2010.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Sheryl A. Tittlemier, Michael Sulyok, Mike Roscoe, Robert Trelka, Don Gaba, Jason Chan, Susan K. Patrick, Rudolf Krska, Twylla Mckendry, Tom GräfenhanAbstract:Samples of Canadian western amber durum harvested in 2010 were obtained as part of the Canadian Grain Commission Harvest Sample Program, inspected, and graded according to Canadian guidelines. A subset of Fusarium -damaged Samples were analyzed for Fusarium species as well as mycotoxins associated with these species, including deoxynivalenol and other trichothecenes, moniliformin, enniatins, and beauvericin. Overall, Fusarium avenaceum and F. graminearum were the top two most frequently recovered species. Phaeosphaeria nodorum (a.k.a. Septoria nodorum ), F. culmorum , F. poae , F. acuminatum , and F. sporotrichioides were observed in Samples as well. All Samples analyzed for mycotoxins contained quantifiable concentrations of enniatins, whereas beauvericin, deoxynivalenol, and moniliformin were measured in approximately 75% of the Samples. Concentrations in Fusarium -damaged Samples ranged from 0.011 to 34.2 mg/kg of enniatins plus beauvericin, up to 4.7 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol, and up to 6.36 mg/kg of moniliformin. Comparisons of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin concentrations to the occurrence of various Fusarium species suggest the existence of an infection threshold above which these emerging mycotoxins are present at higher concentrations. The current grading factor of Fusarium -damaged kernels manages concentrations of these emerging mycotoxins in grain; lower provisional grades were assigned to Samples that contained the highest concentrations of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin.
Sheryl A. Tittlemier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fusarium damage in small cereal grains from Western Canada. 2. Occurrence of fusarium toxins and their source organisms in durum wheat harvested in 2010.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Sheryl A. Tittlemier, Michael Sulyok, Mike Roscoe, Robert Trelka, Don Gaba, Jason Chan, Susan K. Patrick, Rudolf Krska, Twylla Mckendry, Tom GräfenhanAbstract:Samples of Canadian western amber durum harvested in 2010 were obtained as part of the Canadian Grain Commission Harvest Sample Program, inspected, and graded according to Canadian guidelines. A subset of Fusarium -damaged Samples were analyzed for Fusarium species as well as mycotoxins associated with these species, including deoxynivalenol and other trichothecenes, moniliformin, enniatins, and beauvericin. Overall, Fusarium avenaceum and F. graminearum were the top two most frequently recovered species. Phaeosphaeria nodorum (a.k.a. Septoria nodorum ), F. culmorum , F. poae , F. acuminatum , and F. sporotrichioides were observed in Samples as well. All Samples analyzed for mycotoxins contained quantifiable concentrations of enniatins, whereas beauvericin, deoxynivalenol, and moniliformin were measured in approximately 75% of the Samples. Concentrations in Fusarium -damaged Samples ranged from 0.011 to 34.2 mg/kg of enniatins plus beauvericin, up to 4.7 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol, and up to 6.36 mg/kg of moniliformin. Comparisons of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin concentrations to the occurrence of various Fusarium species suggest the existence of an infection threshold above which these emerging mycotoxins are present at higher concentrations. The current grading factor of Fusarium -damaged kernels manages concentrations of these emerging mycotoxins in grain; lower provisional grades were assigned to Samples that contained the highest concentrations of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin.
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Fusarium Damage in Small Cereal Grains from Western Canada. 2. Occurrence of Fusarium Toxins and Their Source Organisms in Durum Wheat Harvested in 2010
2013Co-Authors: Sheryl A. Tittlemier, Michael Sulyok, Mike Roscoe, Robert Trelka, Don Gaba, Susan K. Patrick, Rudolf Krska, Twylla Mckendry, Jason M. Chan, Tom GräfenhanAbstract:Samples of Canadian western amber durum harvested in 2010 were obtained as part of the Canadian Grain Commission Harvest Sample Program, inspected, and graded according to Canadian guidelines. A subset of Fusarium-damaged Samples were analyzed for Fusarium species as well as mycotoxins associated with these species, including deoxynivalenol and other trichothecenes, moniliformin, enniatins, and beauvericin. Overall, Fusarium avenaceum and F. graminearum were the top two most frequently recovered species. Phaeosphaeria nodorum (a.k.a. Septoria nodorum), F. culmorum, F. poae, F. acuminatum, and F. sporotrichioides were observed in Samples as well. All Samples analyzed for mycotoxins contained quantifiable concentrations of enniatins, whereas beauvericin, deoxynivalenol, and moniliformin were measured in approximately 75% of the Samples. Concentrations in Fusarium-damaged Samples ranged from 0.011 to 34.2 mg/kg of enniatins plus beauvericin, up to 4.7 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol, and up to 6.36 mg/kg of moniliformin. Comparisons of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin concentrations to the occurrence of various Fusarium species suggest the existence of an infection threshold above which these emerging mycotoxins are present at higher concentrations. The current grading factor of Fusarium-damaged kernels manages concentrations of these emerging mycotoxins in grain; lower provisional grades were assigned to Samples that contained the highest concentrations of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin
Sanjay S Dhall - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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pediatric firearm related traumatic brain injury in united states trauma centers
Journal of Neurosurgery, 2019Co-Authors: John K Yue, Ethan A Winkler, Sanjay S Dhall, Hansen Deng, Geoffrey T ManleyAbstract:OBJECTIVE Pediatric firearm injury is a leading cause of death and disability in the youth of the United States. The epidemiology of and outcomes following gunshot wounds to the head (GSWHs) are in need of systematic characterization. Here, the authors analyzed pediatric GSWHs from a population-based Sample to identify predictors of prolonged hospitalization, morbidity, and death. METHODS All patients younger than 18 years of age and diagnosed with a GSWH in the National Sample Program (NSP) of the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) in 2003-2012 were eligible for inclusion in this study. Variables of interest included injury intent, firearm type, site of incident, age, sex, race, health insurance, geographic region, trauma center level, isolated traumatic brain injury (TBI), hypotension in the emergency department, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, and Injury Severity Score (ISS). Risk predictors for a prolonged hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality were identified. Odds ratios, mean increases or decreases (B), and 95% confidence intervals were reported. Statistical significance was assessed at α < 0.001 accounting for multiple comparisons. RESULTS In a weighted Sample of 2847 pediatric patients with GSWHs, the mean age was 14.8 ± 3.3 years, 79.2% were male, and 59.0% had severe TBI (GCS score 3-8). The mechanism of assault (63.0%), the handgun as firearm (45.6%), and an injury incurred in a residential area (40.6%) were most common. The mean hospital length of stay was 11.6 ± 14.4 days for the survivors, for whom suicide injuries involved longer hospitalizations (B = 5.9-day increase, 95% CI 3.3-8.6, p < 0.001) relative to those for accidental injuries. Mortality was 45.1% overall but was greater with injury due to suicidal intent (mortality 71.5%, p < 0.001) or caused by a shotgun (mortality 56.5%, p < 0.001). Lower GCS scores, higher ISSs, and emergency room hypotension predicted poorer outcomes. Patients with private insurance had lower mortality odds than those with Medicare/Medicaid (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.7-3.4, p < 0.001) or government insurance (OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.2-5.8, p < 0.001). Management at level II centers, compared to level I, was associated with lower odds of returning home (OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.5, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS From 2003 to 2012, with regard to pediatric TBI hospitalizations due to GSWHs, their proportion remained stable, those caused by accidental injuries decreased, and those attributable to suicide increased. Overall mortality was 45%. Hypotension, cranial and overall injury severity, and suicidal intent were associated with poor prognoses. Patients treated at level II trauma centers had lower odds of being discharged home. Given the spectrum of risk factors that predispose children to GSWHs, emphasis on screening, parental education, and standardization of critical care management is needed to improve outcomes.
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pediatric sports related traumatic brain injury in united states trauma centers
Neurosurgical Focus, 2016Co-Authors: John K Yue, Ethan A Winkler, John F Burke, Andrew K Chan, Sanjay S DhallAbstract:OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in children is a significant public health concern estimated to result in over 500,000 emergency department (ED) visits and more than 60,000 hospitalizations in the United States annually. Sports activities are one important mechanism leading to pediatric TBI. In this study, the authors characterize the demographics of sports-related TBI in the pediatric population and identify predictors of prolonged hospitalization and of increased morbidity and mortality rates. METHODS Utilizing the National Sample Program of the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB), the authors retrospectively analyzed sports-related TBI data from children (age 0-17 years) across 5 sports categories: fall or interpersonal contact (FIC), roller sports, skiing/snowboarding, equestrian sports, and aquatic sports. Multivariable regression analysis was used to identify predictors of prolonged length of stay (LOS) in the hospital or intensive care unit (ICU), medical complications, inpatient mortality rates, and hospital discharge disposition. Statistical significance was assessed at α < 0.05, and the Bonferroni correction (set at significance threshold p = 0.01) for multiple comparisons was applied in each outcome analysis. RESULTS From 2003 to 2012, in total 3046 pediatric sports-related TBIs were recorded in the NTDB, and these injuries represented 11,614 incidents nationally after Sample weighting. Fall or interpersonal contact events were the greatest contributors to sports-related TBI (47.4%). Mild TBI represented 87.1% of the injuries overall. Mean (± SEM) LOSs in the hospital and ICU were 2.68 ± 0.07 days and 2.73 ± 0.12 days, respectively. The overall mortality rate was 0.8%, and the prevalence of medical complications was 2.1% across all patients. Severities of head and extracranial injuries were significant predictors of prolonged hospital and ICU LOSs, medical complications, failure to discharge to home, and death. Hypotension on admission to the ED was a significant predictor of failure to discharge to home (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.03-0.07, p < 0.001). Traumatic brain injury incurred during roller sports was independently associated with prolonged hospital LOS compared with FIC events (mean increase 0.54 ± 0.15 days, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In pediatric sports-related TBI, the severities of head and extracranial traumas are important predictors of patients developing acute medical complications, prolonged hospital and ICU LOSs, in-hospital mortality rates, and failure to discharge to home. Acute hypotension after a TBI event decreases the probability of successful discharge to home. Increasing TBI awareness and use of head-protective gear, particularly in high-velocity sports in older age groups, is necessary to prevent pediatric sports-related TBI or to improve outcomes after a TBI.
Michael Sulyok - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fusarium damage in small cereal grains from Western Canada. 2. Occurrence of fusarium toxins and their source organisms in durum wheat harvested in 2010.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Sheryl A. Tittlemier, Michael Sulyok, Mike Roscoe, Robert Trelka, Don Gaba, Jason Chan, Susan K. Patrick, Rudolf Krska, Twylla Mckendry, Tom GräfenhanAbstract:Samples of Canadian western amber durum harvested in 2010 were obtained as part of the Canadian Grain Commission Harvest Sample Program, inspected, and graded according to Canadian guidelines. A subset of Fusarium -damaged Samples were analyzed for Fusarium species as well as mycotoxins associated with these species, including deoxynivalenol and other trichothecenes, moniliformin, enniatins, and beauvericin. Overall, Fusarium avenaceum and F. graminearum were the top two most frequently recovered species. Phaeosphaeria nodorum (a.k.a. Septoria nodorum ), F. culmorum , F. poae , F. acuminatum , and F. sporotrichioides were observed in Samples as well. All Samples analyzed for mycotoxins contained quantifiable concentrations of enniatins, whereas beauvericin, deoxynivalenol, and moniliformin were measured in approximately 75% of the Samples. Concentrations in Fusarium -damaged Samples ranged from 0.011 to 34.2 mg/kg of enniatins plus beauvericin, up to 4.7 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol, and up to 6.36 mg/kg of moniliformin. Comparisons of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin concentrations to the occurrence of various Fusarium species suggest the existence of an infection threshold above which these emerging mycotoxins are present at higher concentrations. The current grading factor of Fusarium -damaged kernels manages concentrations of these emerging mycotoxins in grain; lower provisional grades were assigned to Samples that contained the highest concentrations of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin.
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Fusarium Damage in Small Cereal Grains from Western Canada. 2. Occurrence of Fusarium Toxins and Their Source Organisms in Durum Wheat Harvested in 2010
2013Co-Authors: Sheryl A. Tittlemier, Michael Sulyok, Mike Roscoe, Robert Trelka, Don Gaba, Susan K. Patrick, Rudolf Krska, Twylla Mckendry, Jason M. Chan, Tom GräfenhanAbstract:Samples of Canadian western amber durum harvested in 2010 were obtained as part of the Canadian Grain Commission Harvest Sample Program, inspected, and graded according to Canadian guidelines. A subset of Fusarium-damaged Samples were analyzed for Fusarium species as well as mycotoxins associated with these species, including deoxynivalenol and other trichothecenes, moniliformin, enniatins, and beauvericin. Overall, Fusarium avenaceum and F. graminearum were the top two most frequently recovered species. Phaeosphaeria nodorum (a.k.a. Septoria nodorum), F. culmorum, F. poae, F. acuminatum, and F. sporotrichioides were observed in Samples as well. All Samples analyzed for mycotoxins contained quantifiable concentrations of enniatins, whereas beauvericin, deoxynivalenol, and moniliformin were measured in approximately 75% of the Samples. Concentrations in Fusarium-damaged Samples ranged from 0.011 to 34.2 mg/kg of enniatins plus beauvericin, up to 4.7 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol, and up to 6.36 mg/kg of moniliformin. Comparisons of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin concentrations to the occurrence of various Fusarium species suggest the existence of an infection threshold above which these emerging mycotoxins are present at higher concentrations. The current grading factor of Fusarium-damaged kernels manages concentrations of these emerging mycotoxins in grain; lower provisional grades were assigned to Samples that contained the highest concentrations of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin
Twylla Mckendry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Fusarium damage in small cereal grains from Western Canada. 2. Occurrence of fusarium toxins and their source organisms in durum wheat harvested in 2010.
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 2013Co-Authors: Sheryl A. Tittlemier, Michael Sulyok, Mike Roscoe, Robert Trelka, Don Gaba, Jason Chan, Susan K. Patrick, Rudolf Krska, Twylla Mckendry, Tom GräfenhanAbstract:Samples of Canadian western amber durum harvested in 2010 were obtained as part of the Canadian Grain Commission Harvest Sample Program, inspected, and graded according to Canadian guidelines. A subset of Fusarium -damaged Samples were analyzed for Fusarium species as well as mycotoxins associated with these species, including deoxynivalenol and other trichothecenes, moniliformin, enniatins, and beauvericin. Overall, Fusarium avenaceum and F. graminearum were the top two most frequently recovered species. Phaeosphaeria nodorum (a.k.a. Septoria nodorum ), F. culmorum , F. poae , F. acuminatum , and F. sporotrichioides were observed in Samples as well. All Samples analyzed for mycotoxins contained quantifiable concentrations of enniatins, whereas beauvericin, deoxynivalenol, and moniliformin were measured in approximately 75% of the Samples. Concentrations in Fusarium -damaged Samples ranged from 0.011 to 34.2 mg/kg of enniatins plus beauvericin, up to 4.7 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol, and up to 6.36 mg/kg of moniliformin. Comparisons of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin concentrations to the occurrence of various Fusarium species suggest the existence of an infection threshold above which these emerging mycotoxins are present at higher concentrations. The current grading factor of Fusarium -damaged kernels manages concentrations of these emerging mycotoxins in grain; lower provisional grades were assigned to Samples that contained the highest concentrations of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin.
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Fusarium Damage in Small Cereal Grains from Western Canada. 2. Occurrence of Fusarium Toxins and Their Source Organisms in Durum Wheat Harvested in 2010
2013Co-Authors: Sheryl A. Tittlemier, Michael Sulyok, Mike Roscoe, Robert Trelka, Don Gaba, Susan K. Patrick, Rudolf Krska, Twylla Mckendry, Jason M. Chan, Tom GräfenhanAbstract:Samples of Canadian western amber durum harvested in 2010 were obtained as part of the Canadian Grain Commission Harvest Sample Program, inspected, and graded according to Canadian guidelines. A subset of Fusarium-damaged Samples were analyzed for Fusarium species as well as mycotoxins associated with these species, including deoxynivalenol and other trichothecenes, moniliformin, enniatins, and beauvericin. Overall, Fusarium avenaceum and F. graminearum were the top two most frequently recovered species. Phaeosphaeria nodorum (a.k.a. Septoria nodorum), F. culmorum, F. poae, F. acuminatum, and F. sporotrichioides were observed in Samples as well. All Samples analyzed for mycotoxins contained quantifiable concentrations of enniatins, whereas beauvericin, deoxynivalenol, and moniliformin were measured in approximately 75% of the Samples. Concentrations in Fusarium-damaged Samples ranged from 0.011 to 34.2 mg/kg of enniatins plus beauvericin, up to 4.7 mg/kg of deoxynivalenol, and up to 6.36 mg/kg of moniliformin. Comparisons of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin concentrations to the occurrence of various Fusarium species suggest the existence of an infection threshold above which these emerging mycotoxins are present at higher concentrations. The current grading factor of Fusarium-damaged kernels manages concentrations of these emerging mycotoxins in grain; lower provisional grades were assigned to Samples that contained the highest concentrations of enniatins, beauvericin, and moniliformin
