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Helen N Asemota - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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intestinal lipids and minerals in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats fed bitter yam dioscorea polygonoides Sapogenin extract
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Felix O Omoruyi, Marie A Mcanuffharding, Helen N AsemotaAbstract:: Yam is the leading form of staple for millions of people in the tropical and subtropical countries. They are good sources of carbohydrate. However, the protein content of yam is low. The effect of bitter yam Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin on faecal minerals and intestinal lipids in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was studied. Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin (1%) supplemented diets were fed to diabetic male Wistar rats for three weeks. Bitter yam Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin did not significantly alter faecal magnesium, calcium, and zinc excretion but significantly decreased faecal sodium and potassium excretion. The absorption of iron was impaired by bitter yam Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin during the first week of feeding. Bitter yam Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin supplements significantly decreased intestinal lipids towards normal. Faecal lipids excreted was significantly higher in diabetic rats fed bitter yam Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin for the three weeks period compared to the diabetic control group. These results show that bitter yam Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin does not have the same effects on mineral excretion in diabetes. There was no direct correlation between the decrease in excretion of mono-valent cations and the activity of intestinal Na+/K+ATPase.
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intestinal disaccharidases and some renal enzymes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats fed Sapogenin extract from bitter yam dioscorea polygonoides
Life Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Marie A Mcanuffharding, Felix O Omoruyi, Helen N AsemotaAbstract:In this study, the effects of bitter yam Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin on intestinal disaccharidases and some renal enzymes in diabetic rats were investigated. Diabetic male Wistar rats were fed diets supplemented with 1% Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin for 3 weeks. Plasma glucose, intestinal disaccharidases and the activities of transaminases, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, ATP citrate lyase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase were assessed for the level of metabolic changes in the kidney of diabetic rats. Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in lactase and maltase activities in all three regions of the intestine compared to the diabetic control group. However, the test diets significantly reduced intestinal sucrase activity in the proximal and mid regions. Test diets supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in the activities of the transaminases compared to the normal and diabetic control groups. The activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was significantly increased while the activities of ATP citrate lyase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced in the kidney of the diabetic control rats compared to the normal group. Test diets supplementation did not significantly alter glucose-6-phosphatase, ATP citrate lyase and pyruvate kinase activities compared to the diabetic control. However, there was a significant increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity toward the normal group. In conclusion, the consumption of bitter yam Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin demonstrated hypoglycemic properties, which are beneficial in diabetes by reducing intestinal disaccharidases activities; however, bitter yam Sapogenin extract may adversely affect the integrity of kidney membrane.
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changes in some liver enzymes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats fed Sapogenin extract from bitter yam dioscorea polygonoides or commercial diosgenin
West Indian Medical Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Marie A Mcanuff, Felix O Omoruyi, Errol Y St A Morrison, Helen N AsemotaAbstract:The effects of steroidal Sapogenin extract from bitter yam or commercial diosgenin on liver enzyme changes were investigated. Diabetic male Wistar rats were fed diets supplemented with 1% steroidal Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin for three weeks. Plasma glucose levels and the activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were assessed. Liver total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and total phospholipid were also measured. Plasma glucose decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in diabetic rats fed the three test diets compared to the diabetic control. The three test diets significantly decreased glucose-6-phosphatase activity compared to the diabetic control. The activities of ATP-citrate lyase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced in the liver of diabetic rats compared to normal control. Supplementation of the diet with bitter yam steroidal Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin did not significantly alter ATP citrate lyase and pyruvate kinase activities but significantly increased glucose6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the liver compared to diabetic rats. This study shows that the feeding of the two test diets to diabetic rats results in alterations in the metabolism of glucose with subsequent reduction in plasma glucose concentration.
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alterations in intestinal morphology of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats fed jamaican bitter yam dioscorea polygonoides steroidal Sapogenin extract
Nutrition Research, 2003Co-Authors: Marie A Mcanuff, Felix O Omoruyi, Michael T Gardner, Errol Y St A Morrison, Helen N AsemotaAbstract:In this study, the effect of yam steroidal Sapogenin extract on intestinal morphology in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was examined. Diabetic male Wistar rats (n = 32) were fed diets supplemented with 1% bitter yam steroidal Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin for three weeks. The effect on intestinal morphology was assessed. The induction of diabetes significantly increased villus length and crypt depth compared to the normal group. Supplementation of the diet with Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin significantly increased villus width compared to the diabetic controls. The dietary supplements also significantly decreased crypt depth towards that of the normal controls. This study shows that the feeding of bitter yam steroidal Sapogenin extract to diabetic rats may result in alterations in the intestinal morphology.
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plasma and liver lipid distributions in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats fed Sapogenin extract of the jamaican bitter yam dioscorea polygonoides
Nutrition Research, 2002Co-Authors: Marie A Mcanuff, Felix O Omoruyi, Errol Y St A Morrison, Helen N AsemotaAbstract:Abstract Bitter yam ( Dioscorea polygonoides ) steroidal Sapogenin extract and commercial diosgenin were administered to diabetic rats for 21 days. Plasma glucose and lipids were assessed. Liver lipid distributions were also determined. The two dietary supplements fed to diabetic rats resulted in significant decreased body weight gain. The test diets significantly lowered plasma glucose and total cholesterol. Sapogenin extract supplement significantly lowered plasma total triglycerides. Plasma and liver VLDL+LDL-cholesterol were significantly reduced while the HDL fraction was increased in diabetic rats fed the test supplements. These results showed that the consumption of the two supplements maybe useful in the management of hypercholesterolemia often associated with diabetes.
Felix O Omoruyi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Jamaican Bitter Yam Sapogenin: Potential Mechanisms of Action in Diabetes
Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, 2008Co-Authors: Felix O OmoruyiAbstract:Sapogenin has been proposed to be the active component responsible for the beneficial effects of Jamaican bitter yam ( Dioscorea polygonoides ) in the management of diabetes. Most of the research activities on bitter yam have focused on the role Sapogenin play in the management of diabetes. Changes in weight, activities of carbohydrate digestive and transport enzymes, alterations in the intestinal morphology, changes in blood lipids, reduction in lipid peroxidation and the prevention of liver damage associated with diabetes have all been attributed to bitter yam Sapogenin supplementation. Also, the possible exploitation of bitter yam for nutraceutical/pharmaceutical purposes is based on the high saponin content. There are however, concerns about the beneficial claims of the findings especially with regard to the possible adverse effects that may accrue in the clinical applications. This review therefore provides an overview of the findings in this research area with a view to proposing the potential mechanisms whereby the supplement of bitter yam Sapogenin extract exert its hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties and the probable adverse effects in diabetes mellitus.
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intestinal lipids and minerals in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats fed bitter yam dioscorea polygonoides Sapogenin extract
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Felix O Omoruyi, Marie A Mcanuffharding, Helen N AsemotaAbstract:: Yam is the leading form of staple for millions of people in the tropical and subtropical countries. They are good sources of carbohydrate. However, the protein content of yam is low. The effect of bitter yam Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin on faecal minerals and intestinal lipids in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was studied. Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin (1%) supplemented diets were fed to diabetic male Wistar rats for three weeks. Bitter yam Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin did not significantly alter faecal magnesium, calcium, and zinc excretion but significantly decreased faecal sodium and potassium excretion. The absorption of iron was impaired by bitter yam Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin during the first week of feeding. Bitter yam Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin supplements significantly decreased intestinal lipids towards normal. Faecal lipids excreted was significantly higher in diabetic rats fed bitter yam Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin for the three weeks period compared to the diabetic control group. These results show that bitter yam Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin does not have the same effects on mineral excretion in diabetes. There was no direct correlation between the decrease in excretion of mono-valent cations and the activity of intestinal Na+/K+ATPase.
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intestinal disaccharidases and some renal enzymes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats fed Sapogenin extract from bitter yam dioscorea polygonoides
Life Sciences, 2006Co-Authors: Marie A Mcanuffharding, Felix O Omoruyi, Helen N AsemotaAbstract:In this study, the effects of bitter yam Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin on intestinal disaccharidases and some renal enzymes in diabetic rats were investigated. Diabetic male Wistar rats were fed diets supplemented with 1% Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin for 3 weeks. Plasma glucose, intestinal disaccharidases and the activities of transaminases, acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, ATP citrate lyase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase were assessed for the level of metabolic changes in the kidney of diabetic rats. Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in lactase and maltase activities in all three regions of the intestine compared to the diabetic control group. However, the test diets significantly reduced intestinal sucrase activity in the proximal and mid regions. Test diets supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in the activities of the transaminases compared to the normal and diabetic control groups. The activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was significantly increased while the activities of ATP citrate lyase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced in the kidney of the diabetic control rats compared to the normal group. Test diets supplementation did not significantly alter glucose-6-phosphatase, ATP citrate lyase and pyruvate kinase activities compared to the diabetic control. However, there was a significant increase in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity toward the normal group. In conclusion, the consumption of bitter yam Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin demonstrated hypoglycemic properties, which are beneficial in diabetes by reducing intestinal disaccharidases activities; however, bitter yam Sapogenin extract may adversely affect the integrity of kidney membrane.
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changes in some liver enzymes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats fed Sapogenin extract from bitter yam dioscorea polygonoides or commercial diosgenin
West Indian Medical Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Marie A Mcanuff, Felix O Omoruyi, Errol Y St A Morrison, Helen N AsemotaAbstract:The effects of steroidal Sapogenin extract from bitter yam or commercial diosgenin on liver enzyme changes were investigated. Diabetic male Wistar rats were fed diets supplemented with 1% steroidal Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin for three weeks. Plasma glucose levels and the activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were assessed. Liver total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and total phospholipid were also measured. Plasma glucose decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in diabetic rats fed the three test diets compared to the diabetic control. The three test diets significantly decreased glucose-6-phosphatase activity compared to the diabetic control. The activities of ATP-citrate lyase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced in the liver of diabetic rats compared to normal control. Supplementation of the diet with bitter yam steroidal Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin did not significantly alter ATP citrate lyase and pyruvate kinase activities but significantly increased glucose6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the liver compared to diabetic rats. This study shows that the feeding of the two test diets to diabetic rats results in alterations in the metabolism of glucose with subsequent reduction in plasma glucose concentration.
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alterations in intestinal morphology of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats fed jamaican bitter yam dioscorea polygonoides steroidal Sapogenin extract
Nutrition Research, 2003Co-Authors: Marie A Mcanuff, Felix O Omoruyi, Michael T Gardner, Errol Y St A Morrison, Helen N AsemotaAbstract:In this study, the effect of yam steroidal Sapogenin extract on intestinal morphology in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was examined. Diabetic male Wistar rats (n = 32) were fed diets supplemented with 1% bitter yam steroidal Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin for three weeks. The effect on intestinal morphology was assessed. The induction of diabetes significantly increased villus length and crypt depth compared to the normal group. Supplementation of the diet with Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin significantly increased villus width compared to the diabetic controls. The dietary supplements also significantly decreased crypt depth towards that of the normal controls. This study shows that the feeding of bitter yam steroidal Sapogenin extract to diabetic rats may result in alterations in the intestinal morphology.
Marie A Mcanuff - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changes in some liver enzymes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats fed Sapogenin extract from bitter yam dioscorea polygonoides or commercial diosgenin
West Indian Medical Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Marie A Mcanuff, Felix O Omoruyi, Errol Y St A Morrison, Helen N AsemotaAbstract:The effects of steroidal Sapogenin extract from bitter yam or commercial diosgenin on liver enzyme changes were investigated. Diabetic male Wistar rats were fed diets supplemented with 1% steroidal Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin for three weeks. Plasma glucose levels and the activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were assessed. Liver total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and total phospholipid were also measured. Plasma glucose decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in diabetic rats fed the three test diets compared to the diabetic control. The three test diets significantly decreased glucose-6-phosphatase activity compared to the diabetic control. The activities of ATP-citrate lyase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced in the liver of diabetic rats compared to normal control. Supplementation of the diet with bitter yam steroidal Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin did not significantly alter ATP citrate lyase and pyruvate kinase activities but significantly increased glucose6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the liver compared to diabetic rats. This study shows that the feeding of the two test diets to diabetic rats results in alterations in the metabolism of glucose with subsequent reduction in plasma glucose concentration.
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alterations in intestinal morphology of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats fed jamaican bitter yam dioscorea polygonoides steroidal Sapogenin extract
Nutrition Research, 2003Co-Authors: Marie A Mcanuff, Felix O Omoruyi, Michael T Gardner, Errol Y St A Morrison, Helen N AsemotaAbstract:In this study, the effect of yam steroidal Sapogenin extract on intestinal morphology in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was examined. Diabetic male Wistar rats (n = 32) were fed diets supplemented with 1% bitter yam steroidal Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin for three weeks. The effect on intestinal morphology was assessed. The induction of diabetes significantly increased villus length and crypt depth compared to the normal group. Supplementation of the diet with Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin significantly increased villus width compared to the diabetic controls. The dietary supplements also significantly decreased crypt depth towards that of the normal controls. This study shows that the feeding of bitter yam steroidal Sapogenin extract to diabetic rats may result in alterations in the intestinal morphology.
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plasma and liver lipid distributions in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats fed Sapogenin extract of the jamaican bitter yam dioscorea polygonoides
Nutrition Research, 2002Co-Authors: Marie A Mcanuff, Felix O Omoruyi, Errol Y St A Morrison, Helen N AsemotaAbstract:Abstract Bitter yam ( Dioscorea polygonoides ) steroidal Sapogenin extract and commercial diosgenin were administered to diabetic rats for 21 days. Plasma glucose and lipids were assessed. Liver lipid distributions were also determined. The two dietary supplements fed to diabetic rats resulted in significant decreased body weight gain. The test diets significantly lowered plasma glucose and total cholesterol. Sapogenin extract supplement significantly lowered plasma total triglycerides. Plasma and liver VLDL+LDL-cholesterol were significantly reduced while the HDL fraction was increased in diabetic rats fed the test supplements. These results showed that the consumption of the two supplements maybe useful in the management of hypercholesterolemia often associated with diabetes.
Niels Agerbirk - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A tandem array of UDP-glycosyltransferases from the UGT73C subfamily glycosylate Sapogenins, forming a spectrum of mono- and bisdesmosidic saponins
Plant Molecular Biology, 2018Co-Authors: Pernille Østerbye Erthmann, Niels AgerbirkAbstract:Key message This study identifies six UGT73Cs all able to glucosylate Sapogenins at positions 3 and/or 28 which demonstrates that B. vulgaris has a much richer arsenal of UGTs involved in saponin biosynthesis than initially anticipated. Abstract The wild cruciferous plant Barbarea vulgaris is resistant to some insects due to accumulation of two monodesmosidic triterpenoid saponins, oleanolic acid 3- O -β-cellobioside and hederagenin 3- O -β-cellobioside. Insect resistance depends on the structure of the Sapogenin aglycone and the glycosylation pattern. The B. vulgaris saponin profile is complex with at least 49 saponin-like metabolites, derived from eight Sapogenins and including up to five monosaccharide units. Two B. vulgaris UDP-glycosyltransferases, UGT73C11 and UGT73C13, O -glucosylate Sapogenins at positions 3 and 28, forming mainly 3- O -β- d -glucosides. The aim of this study was to identify UGTs responsible for the diverse saponin oligoglycoside moieties observed in B. vulgaris . Twenty UGT genes from the insect resistant genotype were selected and heterologously expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana and/or Escherichia coli . The extracts were screened for their ability to glycosylate Sapogenins (oleanolic acid, hederagenin), the hormone 24-epibrassinolide and Sapogenin monoglucosides (hederagenin and oleanolic acid 3- O -β- d -glucosides). Six UGTs from the UGT73C subfamily were able to glucosylate both Sapogenins and both monoglucosides at positions 3 and/or 28. Some UGTs formed bisdesmosidic saponins efficiently. At least four UGT73C genes were localized in a tandem array with UGT73C11 and possibly UGT73C13 . This organization most likely reflects duplication events followed by sub- and neofunctionalization. Indeed, signs of positive selection on several amino acid sites were identified and modelled to be localized on the UGT protein surface. This tandem array is proposed to initiate higher order bisdesmosidic glycosylation of B. vulgaris saponins, leading to the recently discovered saponin structural diversity, however, not directly to known cellobiosidic saponins.
Errol Y St A Morrison - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changes in some liver enzymes in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats fed Sapogenin extract from bitter yam dioscorea polygonoides or commercial diosgenin
West Indian Medical Journal, 2005Co-Authors: Marie A Mcanuff, Felix O Omoruyi, Errol Y St A Morrison, Helen N AsemotaAbstract:The effects of steroidal Sapogenin extract from bitter yam or commercial diosgenin on liver enzyme changes were investigated. Diabetic male Wistar rats were fed diets supplemented with 1% steroidal Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin for three weeks. Plasma glucose levels and the activities of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were assessed. Liver total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and total phospholipid were also measured. Plasma glucose decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in diabetic rats fed the three test diets compared to the diabetic control. The three test diets significantly decreased glucose-6-phosphatase activity compared to the diabetic control. The activities of ATP-citrate lyase, pyruvate kinase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were significantly reduced in the liver of diabetic rats compared to normal control. Supplementation of the diet with bitter yam steroidal Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin did not significantly alter ATP citrate lyase and pyruvate kinase activities but significantly increased glucose6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the liver compared to diabetic rats. This study shows that the feeding of the two test diets to diabetic rats results in alterations in the metabolism of glucose with subsequent reduction in plasma glucose concentration.
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alterations in intestinal morphology of streptozotocin induced diabetic rats fed jamaican bitter yam dioscorea polygonoides steroidal Sapogenin extract
Nutrition Research, 2003Co-Authors: Marie A Mcanuff, Felix O Omoruyi, Michael T Gardner, Errol Y St A Morrison, Helen N AsemotaAbstract:In this study, the effect of yam steroidal Sapogenin extract on intestinal morphology in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats was examined. Diabetic male Wistar rats (n = 32) were fed diets supplemented with 1% bitter yam steroidal Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin for three weeks. The effect on intestinal morphology was assessed. The induction of diabetes significantly increased villus length and crypt depth compared to the normal group. Supplementation of the diet with Sapogenin extract or commercial diosgenin significantly increased villus width compared to the diabetic controls. The dietary supplements also significantly decreased crypt depth towards that of the normal controls. This study shows that the feeding of bitter yam steroidal Sapogenin extract to diabetic rats may result in alterations in the intestinal morphology.
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plasma and liver lipid distributions in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats fed Sapogenin extract of the jamaican bitter yam dioscorea polygonoides
Nutrition Research, 2002Co-Authors: Marie A Mcanuff, Felix O Omoruyi, Errol Y St A Morrison, Helen N AsemotaAbstract:Abstract Bitter yam ( Dioscorea polygonoides ) steroidal Sapogenin extract and commercial diosgenin were administered to diabetic rats for 21 days. Plasma glucose and lipids were assessed. Liver lipid distributions were also determined. The two dietary supplements fed to diabetic rats resulted in significant decreased body weight gain. The test diets significantly lowered plasma glucose and total cholesterol. Sapogenin extract supplement significantly lowered plasma total triglycerides. Plasma and liver VLDL+LDL-cholesterol were significantly reduced while the HDL fraction was increased in diabetic rats fed the test supplements. These results showed that the consumption of the two supplements maybe useful in the management of hypercholesterolemia often associated with diabetes.
