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Graham Sinden - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the contribution of pas 2050 to the evolution of international greenhouse gas emission standards
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2009Co-Authors: Graham SindenAbstract:Background, aim, and scope The assessment of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions arising from products (goods and services) is emerging as a high profile application of life cycle assessment (LCA), with an increasing desire from retailers and other supply chain organizations to better understand, and in some cases communicate, the carbon footprint of products. Publicly Available Specification 2050:2008, Specification for the assessment of the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of goods and services, addresses the single-impact category of global warming to provide a standardized and simplified implementation of process LCA methods for assessing GHG emissions from products. This paper briefly reviews the development process followed for PAS 2050, before examining the treatment of GHG-specific contribution of PAS 2050 to product carbon footprinting.
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the contribution of pas 2050 to the evolution of international greenhouse gas emission standards
International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2009Co-Authors: Graham SindenAbstract:The assessment of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions arising from products (goods and services) is emerging as a high profile application of life cycle assessment (LCA), with an increasing desire from retailers and other supply chain organizations to better understand, and in some cases communicate, the carbon footprint of products. Publicly Available Specification 2050:2008, Specification for the assessment of the life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of goods and services, addresses the single-impact category of global warming to provide a standardized and simplified implementation of process LCA methods for assessing GHG emissions from products. This paper briefly reviews the development process followed for PAS 2050, before examining the treatment of GHG-specific contribution of PAS 2050 to product carbon footprinting. PAS 2050 was jointly sponsored by the Carbon Trust and the UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs and was published by the British Standards Institution on 29 October 2008. An independent steering group oversaw the development of the specification, including the establishment of an expert workgroup program, comprehensive international consultation, and expert input on the requirements of the specification. The development process for PAS 2050 resulted in a specification that includes specific requirements that limit the interpretation of the underlying LCA approach to product carbon footprinting. These requirements, including goal setting and life cycle inventory assessment, aspects of system boundary identification and temporal aspects of GHG emissions, clarify the approach to be taken by organizations implementing product carbon footprinting, and simplify the application of LCA procedures in relation to product carbon footprinting. Assessment of the emissions arising from the life cycle of products has a clear international component, and delivering consistent results across the supply chain requires the application of consistent methods. There is an emerging recognition that further standardization of methods for product carbon footprinting is needed, and the specific requirements resulting from the PAS 2050 development process make a valuable contribution across a range of GHG assessment issues. The widespread interest in PAS 2050 from individuals and organizations, together with the development of similar guidance by other organizations, confirmed that there is a need for clarification, certainty, and requirements in the field of product carbon footprint analysis. The use of PAS 2050 to refine, clarify, and simplify existing LCA methods and standards has resulted in specific approaches to key GHG assessment issues being developed; it is important that future standards development work considers the impact of these approaches and their further refinement. It is the consumption of goods and services by individuals around the world that drives global GHG emission, and PAS 2050 is a first attempt to provide integrated, consistent approaches that directly address the role of consumption at the product level in contributing to GHG emissions. Climate science and GHG assessment techniques are both evolving areas and it will be necessary to review the approach taken by PAS 2050 in the future: a formal review process for PAS 2050 will commence towards the end of 2009 and practitioners are encouraged to participate in this review process.
Cansi, Edison Rogério - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Caracterização das Miíases em animais nas cidades de Brasília (Distrito Federal) e Formosa (Goiás)
2011Co-Authors: Cansi, Edison RogérioAbstract:Doutorado (tese)-Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Mestrado em Biologia Animal, 2011.A miíase é uma zoonose caracterizada pela infestação dos vertebrados vivos por larvas de dípteros, que se alimentam do tecido vivo ou morto do seu hospedeiro ou de suas substâncias corporais líquidas. A enfermidade é um problema econômico e de saúde pública para os países da América Latina, porém subestimada pela pesquiSAS epidemiológicas e faunísticas no Brasil, com ênfase no Centro-Oeste e Norte. O objetivo desta pesquisa é descrever e conhecer as principais características das miíases em animais domésticos e silvestres no Distrito Federal e Formosa (Estado de Goiás), durante o ano de 2008 a 2010, e descrever o imaginário da população rural do município de Formosa em relação às miíases dos animais domésticos, com ênfase aos bovinos e humanos. O trabalho é dividido duas partes: casos clínicos e etnoparasitologia. No intuito de levantamento da casuística são obtidas larvas de miíases dos casos cedidos pelas clínicas, criadouros e zoológico da região com a posterior identificação das larvas e adultos em laboratório. O conhecimento etnoparasitológico foi obtido com entrevistas semi estruturadas durante 2009 a 2010 à 50 produtores rurais de Formosa. As questões abordam sobre as definições da doença e seus agentes etiológicos, o ciclo biológico das espécies de parasitas e os métodos empregados no tratamento segundo as tradições locais, verificando a percepção dos habitantes locais sobre as relações hospedeiro-parasita. Nos achados clínicos, o parasita C. hominivorax foi o que teve maior ocorrência, infestando cães, um gato, mamíferos silvestres e exóticos, aves e bovinos, porém obtiveram-se casos inéditos para região de Lucilia eximia, Musca domestica e Cuterebra apicalis em cães. Em animais ii silvestres verificou-se o ineditismo no parasitismo por Lucilia eximia em um mamífero e uma ave exótica; Philornis angustifrons em seis filhotes de Gnorimopsar chopi; por Sarcophaga sp em Lama glama e 11 casos de miíase obrigatória furuncular nos marsupiais Gracilinanus agilis, e roedores Hylaeamys megacephalus com os parasitas Cuterebra apicalis e Cuterebra sp. As características dos casos de miíases em cães foram: animais com raça, adultos, machos e com residência em caSAS urbana. A população local apresenta uma relação íntima com as bicheiras, conhecendo muitas das suas etapas do ciclo biológico e apresentando um rico repertório de denominações aos seus agentes etiológicos. Entretanto, o mesmo não foi verificado em relação ao berne, algumas vezes até mesmo o parasitismo era desconhecido. A pesquisa destaca também a influência do sincretismo religioso e conhecimento popular no tratamento e manejo das miíases em animais e humanos. Este trabalho evidencia a biodiversidade parasitária expondo casos inéditos de parasitismo no Centro-Oeste brasileiro, e sua importância como mecanismo de conservação, bem estar animal e conhecimento da diversidade cultural. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTMyiasis is a zoonotic disease characterized by infestation of live vertebrates by dipterous larvae, which feed on dead or living tissue of its host or its liquid body substances. The disease is an economic problem and public health for the countries of Latin America, meanwhile underestimated by epidemiological research and wildlife in Brazil, with emphasis on the Midwest and North region. The objective of this research is to describe and understand the main features of myiasis in domestic and wild animals in the Distrito Federal and Formosa (State of Goiás), during the years 2008 to 2010, and describe the imaginary of the Formosa rural population in relation to myiasis of domestic animals with emphasis on cattle and humans. The work is divided into two parts: case reports and ethnoparasitology. In order to survey the sample are obtained larvae of myiasis cases disposed of by clinics, breeding and zoo in the region with the subsequent identification of larvae and adults in the laboratory. In clinical parasite. During 2009 to 2010, the ethnoparasitology knowledge was obtained with semi structured questionnaire applied an to 50 native farmers. The questions reports the definitions of the disease and its etiologic agents, the life cycle of the parasite species and the methods used in the treatment according to local traditions, checking the perspective of locals on host-parasite relationships. In the clinical findings, the parasite C. hominivorax was the one with the highest occurrence, infesting dogs, a cat, and exotic mammals, birds and cattle, however we obtained the unprecedented event for the region of Lucilia eximia, Musca domestica and Cuterebra apicalis in dogs. In wild animals there was an unprecedented parasitism by Lucilia eximia in a mammal and an exotic bird; Philornis angustifrons in six iv nestlings Gnorimopsar chopi; by Sarcophaga sp. in Lama glama and 11 cases required myiasis furuncular Gracilinanus agilis in marsupials, and rodents Hylaeamys megacephalus with parasites Cuterebra apicalis and Cuterebra sp. The characteristics of myiasis cases in dogs was: of the animals with breed, male adults and living in urban homes. The local population has an intimate relationship with the BICHEIRA knowing many of his stages of life cycle and providing a rich repertoire of names to their etiological agents. However, it was not checked against BERNE, sometimes even the parasitism was unknown. The research also highlights the influence of religious syncretism and popular knowledge in the treatment and management of myiasis in animals and humans. The research also highlights the influence of religious syncretism and popular knowledge in the treatment and management of myiasis in animals and humans. It is research evidence the parasite biodiversity exposing new cases of parasitism in the Brazil Central region, and its importance as a mechanism for conservation, animal welfare and knowledge of cultural diversity
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Caracterização das Miíases em animais nas cidades de Brasília (Distrito Federal) e Formosa (Goiás)
2011Co-Authors: Cansi, Edison RogérioAbstract:A miíase é uma zoonose caracterizada pela infestação dos vertebrados vivos por larvas de dípteros, que se alimentam do tecido vivo ou morto do seu hospedeiro ou de suas substâncias corporais líquidas. A enfermidade é um problema econômico e de saúde pública para os países da América Latina, porém subestimada pela pesquiSAS epidemiológicas e faunísticas no Brasil, com ênfase no Centro-Oeste e Norte. O objetivo desta pesquisa é descrever e conhecer as principais características das miíases em animais domésticos e silvestres no Distrito Federal e Formosa (Estado de Goiás), durante o ano de 2008 a 2010, e descrever o imaginário da população rural do município de Formosa em relação às miíases dos animais domésticos, com ênfase aos bovinos e humanos. O trabalho é dividido duas partes: casos clínicos e etnoparasitologia. No intuito de levantamento da casuística são obtidas larvas de miíases dos casos cedidos pelas clínicas, criadouros e zoológico da região com a posterior identificação das larvas e adultos em laboratório. O conhecimento etnoparasitológico foi obtido com entrevistas semi estruturadas durante 2009 a 2010 à 50 produtores rurais de Formosa. As questões abordam sobre as definições da doença e seus agentes etiológicos, o ciclo biológico das espécies de parasitas e os métodos empregados no tratamento segundo as tradições locais, verificando a percepção dos habitantes locais sobre as relações hospedeiro-parasita. Nos achados clínicos, o parasita C. hominivorax foi o que teve maior ocorrência, infestando cães, um gato, mamíferos silvestres e exóticos, aves e bovinos, porém obtiveram-se casos inéditos para região de Lucilia eximia, Musca domestica e Cuterebra apicalis em cães. Em animais ii silvestres verificou-se o ineditismo no parasitismo por Lucilia eximia em um mamífero e uma ave exótica; Philornis angustifrons em seis filhotes de Gnorimopsar chopi; por Sarcophaga sp em Lama glama e 11 casos de miíase obrigatória furuncular nos marsupiais Gracilinanus agilis, e roedores Hylaeamys megacephalus com os parasitas Cuterebra apicalis e Cuterebra sp. As características dos casos de miíases em cães foram: animais com raça, adultos, machos e com residência em caSAS urbana. A população local apresenta uma relação íntima com as bicheiras, conhecendo muitas das suas etapas do ciclo biológico e apresentando um rico repertório de denominações aos seus agentes etiológicos. Entretanto, o mesmo não foi verificado em relação ao berne, algumas vezes até mesmo o parasitismo era desconhecido. A pesquisa destaca também a influência do sincretismo religioso e conhecimento popular no tratamento e manejo das miíases em animais e humanos. Este trabalho evidencia a biodiversidade parasitária expondo casos inéditos de parasitismo no Centro-Oeste brasileiro, e sua importância como mecanismo de conservação, bem estar animal e conhecimento da diversidade cultural. _______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTMyiasis is a zoonotic disease characterized by infestation of live vertebrates by dipterous larvae, which feed on dead or living tissue of its host or its liquid body substances. The disease is an economic problem and public health for the countries of Latin America, meanwhile underestimated by epidemiological research and wildlife in Brazil, with emphasis on the Midwest and North region. The objective of this research is to describe and understand the main features of myiasis in domestic and wild animals in the Distrito Federal and Formosa (State of Goiás), during the years 2008 to 2010, and describe the imaginary of the Formosa rural population in relation to myiasis of domestic animals with emphasis on cattle and humans. The work is divided into two parts: case reports and ethnoparasitology. In order to survey the sample are obtained larvae of myiasis cases disposed of by clinics, breeding and zoo in the region with the subsequent identification of larvae and adults in the laboratory. In clinical parasite. During 2009 to 2010, the ethnoparasitology knowledge was obtained with semi structured questionnaire applied an to 50 native farmers. The questions reports the definitions of the disease and its etiologic agents, the life cycle of the parasite species and the methods used in the treatment according to local traditions, checking the perspective of locals on host-parasite relationships. In the clinical findings, the parasite C. hominivorax was the one with the highest occurrence, infesting dogs, a cat, and exotic mammals, birds and cattle, however we obtained the unprecedented event for the region of Lucilia eximia, Musca domestica and Cuterebra apicalis in dogs. In wild animals there was an unprecedented parasitism by Lucilia eximia in a mammal and an exotic bird; Philornis angustifrons in six iv nestlings Gnorimopsar chopi; by Sarcophaga sp. in Lama glama and 11 cases required myiasis furuncular Gracilinanus agilis in marsupials, and rodents Hylaeamys megacephalus with parasites Cuterebra apicalis and Cuterebra sp. The characteristics of myiasis cases in dogs was: of the animals with breed, male adults and living in urban homes. The local population has an intimate relationship with the BICHEIRA knowing many of his stages of life cycle and providing a rich repertoire of names to their etiological agents. However, it was not checked against BERNE, sometimes even the parasitism was unknown. The research also highlights the influence of religious syncretism and popular knowledge in the treatment and management of myiasis in animals and humans. The research also highlights the influence of religious syncretism and popular knowledge in the treatment and management of myiasis in animals and humans. It is research evidence the parasite biodiversity exposing new cases of parasitism in the Brazil Central region, and its importance as a mechanism for conservation, animal welfare and knowledge of cultural diversity
Elena A. Sorokina - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of dimethyl (1R*,3aS*,3a1R*,6aS*,9R*,9aS*)-3a1,5,6,9a-tetrahydro-1H,4H,9H-1,3a:6a,9-diepoxyphenalene-2,3-dicarboxylate
International Union of Crystallography, 2019Co-Authors: Kseniia A. Alekseeva, Pavel V. Raspertov, Sevim Türktekin Çelikesir, Mehmet Akkurt, Flavien A. A. Toze, Elena A. SorokinaAbstract:The title diepoxyphenalene derivative, C17H18O6, comprises a fused cyclic system containing four five-membered rings (two dihydrofuran and two tetrahydrofuran) and one six-membered ring (cyclohexane). The five-membered dihydrofuran and tetrahydrofuran rings adopt envelope conformations, and the six-membered cyclohexane ring adopts a distorted chair conformation. Two methyl carboxylate groups occupy adjacent positions (2- and 3-) on a tetrahydrofuran ring. In the crystal, two pairs of C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules to form inversion dimers, enclosing two R22(6) ring motifs, that stack along the a-axis direction and are arranged in layers parallel to the bc plane
Sorokina, Elena A. - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of dimethyl (1R*, 3aS*, 3a(1)R*, 6aS*, 9R*, 9aS*)-3a(1),5,6,9a-tetrahydro-1H,4H,9H-1,3a:6a,9-diepoxyphenalene-2,3-dicarboxylate
'International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)', 2019Co-Authors: Akkurt Mehmet, Alekseeva, Kseniia A., Raspertov Pavel, Celikesir, Sevim Turktekin, Toze, Flavien A. A., Sorokina, Elena A.Abstract:The title diepoxyphenalene derivative, C17H18O6, comprises a fused cyclic system containing four five-membered rings (two dihydrofuran and two tetrahydrofuran) and one six-membered ring (cyclohexane). The five-membered dihydrofuran and tetrahydrofuran rings adopt envelope conformations, and the six-membered cyclohexane ring adopts a distorted chair conformation. Two methyl carboxylate groups occupy adjacent positions (2- and 3-) on a tetrahydrofuran ring. In the crystal, two pairs of C-H center dot center dot center dot O hydrogen bonds link the molecules to form inversion dimers, enclosing two R-2(2)(6) ring motifs, that stack along the a-axis direction and are arranged in layers parallel to the bc plane
Yang Yuan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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multiple imputation using SAS software
Journal of Statistical Software, 2011Co-Authors: Yang YuanAbstract:Multiple imputation provides a useful strategy for dealing with data sets that have missing values. Instead of filling in a single value for each missing value, a multiple imputation procedure replaces each missing value with a set of plausible values that represent the uncertainty about the right value to impute. These multiply imputed data sets are then analyzed by using standard procedures for complete data and combining the results from these analyses. No matter which complete-data analysis is used, the process of combining results of parameter estimates and their associated standard errors from different imputed data sets is essentially the same. This process results in valid statistical inferences that properly reflect the uncertainty due to missing values. This paper reviews methods for analyzing missing data and applications of multiple imputation techniques. This paper presents the SAS/STAT MI and MIANALYZE procedures, which perform inference by multiple imputation under numerous settings. PROC MI implements popular methods for creating imputations under monotone and nonmonotone (arbitrary) patterns of missing data, and PROC MIANALYZE analyzes results from multiply imputed data sets.