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Reidar Tyssen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mindfulness training for Stress management a randomised controlled study of medical and psychology students
BMC Medical Education, 2013Co-Authors: Michael De Vibe, Reidar Tyssen, Ida Solhaug, Oddgeir Friborg, Jan H Rosenvinge, Tore Sorlie, Arild BjorndalAbstract:Background: DiStress and burnout among medical and psychology professionals are commonly reported and have implications for the quality of patient care delivered. Already in the course of university studies, medicine and psychology students report mental diStress and low life satisfaction. There is a need for interventions that promote better coping skills in students in order to prevent diStress and future burnout. This study examines the effect of a seven-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) programme on mental diStress, study Stress, burnout, subjective well-being, and mindfulness of medical and psychology students. Methods: A total of 288 students (mean age = 23 years, 76% female) from the University of Oslo and the University of Tromso were randomly allocated to an intervention or control group. The control group continued with their standard university courses and received no intervention. Participants were evaluated using self-reported measures both before and after the intervention. These were: the ‘General Health Questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory Student version, Perceived Medical School Stress, Subjective Well-being, and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire’ and additional indices of compliance. Results: Following the intervention, a moderate effect on mental diStress (Hedges’g 0.65, CI = .41, .88), and a small effect on both subjective well-being (Hedges’g 0.40, CI = .27, .63) and the mindfulness facet ‘non-reacting’ (Hedges’g 0.33, CI = .10, .56) were found in the intervention group compared with the control group. A higher level of programme attendance and reported mindfulness exercises predicted these changes. Significant effects were only found for female students who additionally reported reduced study Stress and an increase in the mindfulness facet ‘non-judging’. Gender specific effects of participation in the MBSR programme have not previously been reported, and gender differences in the present study are discussed. Conclusion: Female medical and psychology students experienced significant positive improvements in mental diStress, study Stress, subjective well-being and mindfulness after participating in the MBSR programme. Trial registration: NCT00892138
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self development groups reduce medical School Stress a controlled intervention study
BMC Medical Education, 2010Co-Authors: Mari Holm, Reidar Tyssen, Kirsten Irene Stordal, Brit HaverAbstract:Background: High Stress levels and mental health problems are common among medical students and there is a lack of studies on group interventions that aim to reduce such diStress during medical School. Methods: A full class of students (n = 129) participated in group sessions during their third year of medical School in Bergen, Norway. The subsequent third-year class (n = 152) acted as control group, in order to create a quasiexperimental design. Two types of group intervention sessions were offered to the first class. One option was selfdevelopment groups led by trained group psychotherapists. Alternatively, students could choose discussion groups that focused on themes of special relevance to doctors, led by experienced general practitioners. The intervention comprised of 12 weekly group sessions each lasting 90 minutes. Data were gathered before the intervention (T1), and three months post intervention (T2). DiStress was measured using the Perceived Medical School Stress (PMSS) and Symptom Check List-5 (SCL-5) assessments. Results: The intervention group showed a significant reduction in PMSS over the observation period. The subsequent year control group stayed on the same PMSS levels over the similar period. The intervention was a significant predictor of PMSS reduction in a multiple regression analysis adjusted for age and sex, β = -1.93 (-3.47 to -0.38), P = 0.02. When we analysed the effects of self-development and discussion groups with the control group as reference, selfdevelopment group was the only significant predictor of PMSS reduction, β = -2.18 (-4.03 to -0.33), P = 0.02. There was no interaction with gender in our analysis. This implicates no significant difference between men and women concerning the effect of the self-development group. There was no reduction in general mental diStress (SCL-5) over this period. Conclusion: A three-month follow-up showed that the intervention had a positive effect on perceived medical School Stress among the students, and further analyses showed this was due to participation in self-development groups.
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personality traits and types predict medical School Stress a six year longitudinal and nationwide study
Medical Education, 2007Co-Authors: Reidar Tyssen, Filip C Dolatowski, Jan Ole Rovik, Ruth F Thorkildsen, Oivind Ekeberg, Erlend Hem, Tore Gude, Nina T Gronvold, Per VaglumAbstract:Objectives Personality types (combinations of traits) that take into account the interplay between traits give a more detailed picture of an individual's character than do single traits. This study examines whether both personality types and traits predict Stress during medical School training. Methods We surveyed Norwegian medical students (n = 421) 1 month after they began medical School (T1), at the mid-point of undergraduate Year 3 (T2), and at the end of undergraduate Year 6 (T3). A total of 236 medical students (56%) responded at all time-points. They were categorised according to Torgersen's personality typology by their combination of high and low scores on the ‘Big Three’ personality traits of extroversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness. We studied the effects of both personality types (spectator, insecure, sceptic, brooder, hedonist, impulsive, entrepreneur and complicated) and traits on Stress during medical School. Results There was a higher level of Stress among female students. The traits of neuroticism (P = 0.002) and conscientiousness (P = 0.03) were independent predictors of Stress, whereas female gender was absorbed by neuroticism in the multivariate model. When controlled for age and gender, ‘brooders’ (low extroversion, high neuroticism, high conscientiousness) were at risk of experiencing more Stress (P = 0.02), whereas ‘hedonists’ (high extroversion, low neuroticism, low conscientiousness) were more protected against Stress (P = 0.001). Conclusions This is the first study to show that a specific combination of personality traits can predict medical School Stress. The combination of high neuroticism and high conscientiousness is considered to be particularly high risk.
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the process of suicidal planning among medical doctors predictors in a longitudinal norwegian sample
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2004Co-Authors: Reidar Tyssen, Erlend Hem, Nina T Gronvold, Per Vaglum, Oivind EkebergAbstract:Abstract Background: The suicidal process is a common underlying perspective on suicidal behaviour, but the process has hardly been empirically studied. This study investigates the process from suicidal thoughts to suicidal planning among physicians; an occupational group with a raised risk of suicide. The process is studied in two ways: First, predictors at medical School of postgraduate suicidal planning are identified. Second, the transition from suicidal thoughts to planning over three to four years is explored. Methods: A nationwide cohort of Norwegian medical students ( N =631) were approached initially in their final semester (T1), and then again in the first (T2) and fourth (T3) postgraduate years. The average observation time was 3.6 years. Results: Twenty-eight participants (6%) reported suicidal planning in the postgraduate years. Adjusted predictors at T1 were vulnerability trait (neuroticism), severe depressive symptoms, and negative life events. Among those with previous suicidal thoughts at T1, 13 (8%) reported suicidal planning at T2 or T3. Adjusted predictors of transition from thoughts to planning were reality weakness trait, severe depressive symptoms, and a low level of perceived medical School Stress. A minority of the postgraduate planners had sought professional care. Limitations: The effect of severe depressive symptoms may be overestimated, and the sample size is relatively small. Conclusions: Common predictors for both postgraduate suicidal planning and transition from thoughts to planning were depressive symptoms and personality traits. Reality weakness was the most decisive trait for aggravation in suicidal ideation, and this personality trait needs further study in suicidal research and clinical awareness.
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factors in medical School that predict postgraduate mental health problems in need of treatment a nationwide and longitudinal study
Medical Education, 2001Co-Authors: Reidar Tyssen, Nina T Gronvold, Per Vaglum, Oivind EkebergAbstract:Context Physicians show an increased prevalence of mental health problems, the first postgraduate years being particularly Stressful. Objectives To study the prevalence of mental health problems during the fourth postgraduate year, and to investigate whether it is already possible to predict such problems at medical School. Subjects A cohort of medical students (n=396) from all Norwegian universities, who were approached in their graduating semester (baseline) and in their fourth postgraduate year. Methods A nationwide and longitudinal postal questionnaire survey, including measures of perceived mental health problems in need of treatment, personality, perceived Stress and skills, and ways of coping. Data were analysed using logistic regression. Results Mental health problems in need of treatment during the fourth postgraduate year were reported by 17·2% (n=66), with no gender difference, possibly because of a higher prevalence among the men compared with the general population. A majority had not sought help. Univariate medical School predictors of mental health problems included: previous mental health problems; not being married/cohabitant; the personality traits ‘vulnerability’ (or neuroticism) and ‘reality weakness’; perceived medical School Stress, and lack of perceived diagnostic skills. In addition, the coping variables avoidance, blamed self and wishful thinking were univariate predictors. Multivariate analysis identified the following adjusted predictors: previous mental health problems; ‘intensity’ (extraversion); perceived medical School Stress, and wishful thinking. Medical School variables were inadequate for predicting which individual students would experience postgraduate mental health deterioration. However, the perceived medical School Stress instrument may be used for selecting a subgroup of students suitable for group-oriented interventions.
Oivind Ekeberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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personality traits and types predict medical School Stress a six year longitudinal and nationwide study
Medical Education, 2007Co-Authors: Reidar Tyssen, Filip C Dolatowski, Jan Ole Rovik, Ruth F Thorkildsen, Oivind Ekeberg, Erlend Hem, Tore Gude, Nina T Gronvold, Per VaglumAbstract:Objectives Personality types (combinations of traits) that take into account the interplay between traits give a more detailed picture of an individual's character than do single traits. This study examines whether both personality types and traits predict Stress during medical School training. Methods We surveyed Norwegian medical students (n = 421) 1 month after they began medical School (T1), at the mid-point of undergraduate Year 3 (T2), and at the end of undergraduate Year 6 (T3). A total of 236 medical students (56%) responded at all time-points. They were categorised according to Torgersen's personality typology by their combination of high and low scores on the ‘Big Three’ personality traits of extroversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness. We studied the effects of both personality types (spectator, insecure, sceptic, brooder, hedonist, impulsive, entrepreneur and complicated) and traits on Stress during medical School. Results There was a higher level of Stress among female students. The traits of neuroticism (P = 0.002) and conscientiousness (P = 0.03) were independent predictors of Stress, whereas female gender was absorbed by neuroticism in the multivariate model. When controlled for age and gender, ‘brooders’ (low extroversion, high neuroticism, high conscientiousness) were at risk of experiencing more Stress (P = 0.02), whereas ‘hedonists’ (high extroversion, low neuroticism, low conscientiousness) were more protected against Stress (P = 0.001). Conclusions This is the first study to show that a specific combination of personality traits can predict medical School Stress. The combination of high neuroticism and high conscientiousness is considered to be particularly high risk.
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the process of suicidal planning among medical doctors predictors in a longitudinal norwegian sample
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2004Co-Authors: Reidar Tyssen, Erlend Hem, Nina T Gronvold, Per Vaglum, Oivind EkebergAbstract:Abstract Background: The suicidal process is a common underlying perspective on suicidal behaviour, but the process has hardly been empirically studied. This study investigates the process from suicidal thoughts to suicidal planning among physicians; an occupational group with a raised risk of suicide. The process is studied in two ways: First, predictors at medical School of postgraduate suicidal planning are identified. Second, the transition from suicidal thoughts to planning over three to four years is explored. Methods: A nationwide cohort of Norwegian medical students ( N =631) were approached initially in their final semester (T1), and then again in the first (T2) and fourth (T3) postgraduate years. The average observation time was 3.6 years. Results: Twenty-eight participants (6%) reported suicidal planning in the postgraduate years. Adjusted predictors at T1 were vulnerability trait (neuroticism), severe depressive symptoms, and negative life events. Among those with previous suicidal thoughts at T1, 13 (8%) reported suicidal planning at T2 or T3. Adjusted predictors of transition from thoughts to planning were reality weakness trait, severe depressive symptoms, and a low level of perceived medical School Stress. A minority of the postgraduate planners had sought professional care. Limitations: The effect of severe depressive symptoms may be overestimated, and the sample size is relatively small. Conclusions: Common predictors for both postgraduate suicidal planning and transition from thoughts to planning were depressive symptoms and personality traits. Reality weakness was the most decisive trait for aggravation in suicidal ideation, and this personality trait needs further study in suicidal research and clinical awareness.
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factors in medical School that predict postgraduate mental health problems in need of treatment a nationwide and longitudinal study
Medical Education, 2001Co-Authors: Reidar Tyssen, Nina T Gronvold, Per Vaglum, Oivind EkebergAbstract:Context Physicians show an increased prevalence of mental health problems, the first postgraduate years being particularly Stressful. Objectives To study the prevalence of mental health problems during the fourth postgraduate year, and to investigate whether it is already possible to predict such problems at medical School. Subjects A cohort of medical students (n=396) from all Norwegian universities, who were approached in their graduating semester (baseline) and in their fourth postgraduate year. Methods A nationwide and longitudinal postal questionnaire survey, including measures of perceived mental health problems in need of treatment, personality, perceived Stress and skills, and ways of coping. Data were analysed using logistic regression. Results Mental health problems in need of treatment during the fourth postgraduate year were reported by 17·2% (n=66), with no gender difference, possibly because of a higher prevalence among the men compared with the general population. A majority had not sought help. Univariate medical School predictors of mental health problems included: previous mental health problems; not being married/cohabitant; the personality traits ‘vulnerability’ (or neuroticism) and ‘reality weakness’; perceived medical School Stress, and lack of perceived diagnostic skills. In addition, the coping variables avoidance, blamed self and wishful thinking were univariate predictors. Multivariate analysis identified the following adjusted predictors: previous mental health problems; ‘intensity’ (extraversion); perceived medical School Stress, and wishful thinking. Medical School variables were inadequate for predicting which individual students would experience postgraduate mental health deterioration. However, the perceived medical School Stress instrument may be used for selecting a subgroup of students suitable for group-oriented interventions.
Per Vaglum - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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personality traits and types predict medical School Stress a six year longitudinal and nationwide study
Medical Education, 2007Co-Authors: Reidar Tyssen, Filip C Dolatowski, Jan Ole Rovik, Ruth F Thorkildsen, Oivind Ekeberg, Erlend Hem, Tore Gude, Nina T Gronvold, Per VaglumAbstract:Objectives Personality types (combinations of traits) that take into account the interplay between traits give a more detailed picture of an individual's character than do single traits. This study examines whether both personality types and traits predict Stress during medical School training. Methods We surveyed Norwegian medical students (n = 421) 1 month after they began medical School (T1), at the mid-point of undergraduate Year 3 (T2), and at the end of undergraduate Year 6 (T3). A total of 236 medical students (56%) responded at all time-points. They were categorised according to Torgersen's personality typology by their combination of high and low scores on the ‘Big Three’ personality traits of extroversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness. We studied the effects of both personality types (spectator, insecure, sceptic, brooder, hedonist, impulsive, entrepreneur and complicated) and traits on Stress during medical School. Results There was a higher level of Stress among female students. The traits of neuroticism (P = 0.002) and conscientiousness (P = 0.03) were independent predictors of Stress, whereas female gender was absorbed by neuroticism in the multivariate model. When controlled for age and gender, ‘brooders’ (low extroversion, high neuroticism, high conscientiousness) were at risk of experiencing more Stress (P = 0.02), whereas ‘hedonists’ (high extroversion, low neuroticism, low conscientiousness) were more protected against Stress (P = 0.001). Conclusions This is the first study to show that a specific combination of personality traits can predict medical School Stress. The combination of high neuroticism and high conscientiousness is considered to be particularly high risk.
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the process of suicidal planning among medical doctors predictors in a longitudinal norwegian sample
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2004Co-Authors: Reidar Tyssen, Erlend Hem, Nina T Gronvold, Per Vaglum, Oivind EkebergAbstract:Abstract Background: The suicidal process is a common underlying perspective on suicidal behaviour, but the process has hardly been empirically studied. This study investigates the process from suicidal thoughts to suicidal planning among physicians; an occupational group with a raised risk of suicide. The process is studied in two ways: First, predictors at medical School of postgraduate suicidal planning are identified. Second, the transition from suicidal thoughts to planning over three to four years is explored. Methods: A nationwide cohort of Norwegian medical students ( N =631) were approached initially in their final semester (T1), and then again in the first (T2) and fourth (T3) postgraduate years. The average observation time was 3.6 years. Results: Twenty-eight participants (6%) reported suicidal planning in the postgraduate years. Adjusted predictors at T1 were vulnerability trait (neuroticism), severe depressive symptoms, and negative life events. Among those with previous suicidal thoughts at T1, 13 (8%) reported suicidal planning at T2 or T3. Adjusted predictors of transition from thoughts to planning were reality weakness trait, severe depressive symptoms, and a low level of perceived medical School Stress. A minority of the postgraduate planners had sought professional care. Limitations: The effect of severe depressive symptoms may be overestimated, and the sample size is relatively small. Conclusions: Common predictors for both postgraduate suicidal planning and transition from thoughts to planning were depressive symptoms and personality traits. Reality weakness was the most decisive trait for aggravation in suicidal ideation, and this personality trait needs further study in suicidal research and clinical awareness.
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factors in medical School that predict postgraduate mental health problems in need of treatment a nationwide and longitudinal study
Medical Education, 2001Co-Authors: Reidar Tyssen, Nina T Gronvold, Per Vaglum, Oivind EkebergAbstract:Context Physicians show an increased prevalence of mental health problems, the first postgraduate years being particularly Stressful. Objectives To study the prevalence of mental health problems during the fourth postgraduate year, and to investigate whether it is already possible to predict such problems at medical School. Subjects A cohort of medical students (n=396) from all Norwegian universities, who were approached in their graduating semester (baseline) and in their fourth postgraduate year. Methods A nationwide and longitudinal postal questionnaire survey, including measures of perceived mental health problems in need of treatment, personality, perceived Stress and skills, and ways of coping. Data were analysed using logistic regression. Results Mental health problems in need of treatment during the fourth postgraduate year were reported by 17·2% (n=66), with no gender difference, possibly because of a higher prevalence among the men compared with the general population. A majority had not sought help. Univariate medical School predictors of mental health problems included: previous mental health problems; not being married/cohabitant; the personality traits ‘vulnerability’ (or neuroticism) and ‘reality weakness’; perceived medical School Stress, and lack of perceived diagnostic skills. In addition, the coping variables avoidance, blamed self and wishful thinking were univariate predictors. Multivariate analysis identified the following adjusted predictors: previous mental health problems; ‘intensity’ (extraversion); perceived medical School Stress, and wishful thinking. Medical School variables were inadequate for predicting which individual students would experience postgraduate mental health deterioration. However, the perceived medical School Stress instrument may be used for selecting a subgroup of students suitable for group-oriented interventions.
Nina T Gronvold - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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personality traits and types predict medical School Stress a six year longitudinal and nationwide study
Medical Education, 2007Co-Authors: Reidar Tyssen, Filip C Dolatowski, Jan Ole Rovik, Ruth F Thorkildsen, Oivind Ekeberg, Erlend Hem, Tore Gude, Nina T Gronvold, Per VaglumAbstract:Objectives Personality types (combinations of traits) that take into account the interplay between traits give a more detailed picture of an individual's character than do single traits. This study examines whether both personality types and traits predict Stress during medical School training. Methods We surveyed Norwegian medical students (n = 421) 1 month after they began medical School (T1), at the mid-point of undergraduate Year 3 (T2), and at the end of undergraduate Year 6 (T3). A total of 236 medical students (56%) responded at all time-points. They were categorised according to Torgersen's personality typology by their combination of high and low scores on the ‘Big Three’ personality traits of extroversion, neuroticism and conscientiousness. We studied the effects of both personality types (spectator, insecure, sceptic, brooder, hedonist, impulsive, entrepreneur and complicated) and traits on Stress during medical School. Results There was a higher level of Stress among female students. The traits of neuroticism (P = 0.002) and conscientiousness (P = 0.03) were independent predictors of Stress, whereas female gender was absorbed by neuroticism in the multivariate model. When controlled for age and gender, ‘brooders’ (low extroversion, high neuroticism, high conscientiousness) were at risk of experiencing more Stress (P = 0.02), whereas ‘hedonists’ (high extroversion, low neuroticism, low conscientiousness) were more protected against Stress (P = 0.001). Conclusions This is the first study to show that a specific combination of personality traits can predict medical School Stress. The combination of high neuroticism and high conscientiousness is considered to be particularly high risk.
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the process of suicidal planning among medical doctors predictors in a longitudinal norwegian sample
Journal of Affective Disorders, 2004Co-Authors: Reidar Tyssen, Erlend Hem, Nina T Gronvold, Per Vaglum, Oivind EkebergAbstract:Abstract Background: The suicidal process is a common underlying perspective on suicidal behaviour, but the process has hardly been empirically studied. This study investigates the process from suicidal thoughts to suicidal planning among physicians; an occupational group with a raised risk of suicide. The process is studied in two ways: First, predictors at medical School of postgraduate suicidal planning are identified. Second, the transition from suicidal thoughts to planning over three to four years is explored. Methods: A nationwide cohort of Norwegian medical students ( N =631) were approached initially in their final semester (T1), and then again in the first (T2) and fourth (T3) postgraduate years. The average observation time was 3.6 years. Results: Twenty-eight participants (6%) reported suicidal planning in the postgraduate years. Adjusted predictors at T1 were vulnerability trait (neuroticism), severe depressive symptoms, and negative life events. Among those with previous suicidal thoughts at T1, 13 (8%) reported suicidal planning at T2 or T3. Adjusted predictors of transition from thoughts to planning were reality weakness trait, severe depressive symptoms, and a low level of perceived medical School Stress. A minority of the postgraduate planners had sought professional care. Limitations: The effect of severe depressive symptoms may be overestimated, and the sample size is relatively small. Conclusions: Common predictors for both postgraduate suicidal planning and transition from thoughts to planning were depressive symptoms and personality traits. Reality weakness was the most decisive trait for aggravation in suicidal ideation, and this personality trait needs further study in suicidal research and clinical awareness.
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factors in medical School that predict postgraduate mental health problems in need of treatment a nationwide and longitudinal study
Medical Education, 2001Co-Authors: Reidar Tyssen, Nina T Gronvold, Per Vaglum, Oivind EkebergAbstract:Context Physicians show an increased prevalence of mental health problems, the first postgraduate years being particularly Stressful. Objectives To study the prevalence of mental health problems during the fourth postgraduate year, and to investigate whether it is already possible to predict such problems at medical School. Subjects A cohort of medical students (n=396) from all Norwegian universities, who were approached in their graduating semester (baseline) and in their fourth postgraduate year. Methods A nationwide and longitudinal postal questionnaire survey, including measures of perceived mental health problems in need of treatment, personality, perceived Stress and skills, and ways of coping. Data were analysed using logistic regression. Results Mental health problems in need of treatment during the fourth postgraduate year were reported by 17·2% (n=66), with no gender difference, possibly because of a higher prevalence among the men compared with the general population. A majority had not sought help. Univariate medical School predictors of mental health problems included: previous mental health problems; not being married/cohabitant; the personality traits ‘vulnerability’ (or neuroticism) and ‘reality weakness’; perceived medical School Stress, and lack of perceived diagnostic skills. In addition, the coping variables avoidance, blamed self and wishful thinking were univariate predictors. Multivariate analysis identified the following adjusted predictors: previous mental health problems; ‘intensity’ (extraversion); perceived medical School Stress, and wishful thinking. Medical School variables were inadequate for predicting which individual students would experience postgraduate mental health deterioration. However, the perceived medical School Stress instrument may be used for selecting a subgroup of students suitable for group-oriented interventions.
Scott E Huebner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the big two personality traits and adolescents complete mental health the mediation role of perceived School Stress
School Psychology Quarterly, 2019Co-Authors: Lili Tian, Siyi Jiang, Scott E HuebnerAbstract:Based on Greenspoon and Saklofske's (2001) dual-factor model of mental health, we defined adolescents' mental health as comprised of two distinguishable factors: positive and negative mental health. We tested the direct relations between the Eysenck's (1967) Big Two personality traits (Extraversion and Neuroticism) and positive and negative mental health, and explored the mediation effects of perceived School Stress in accounting for the relations. Direct and indirect relations were estimated by using structural equation modeling with data from 1,009 Chinese adolescents in a 3-wave study. Results indicated that (a) adolescents' levels of neuroticism showed a positive relation to negative mental health and a negative relation to positive mental health, whereas levels of extraversion showed a negative relation to negative mental health and a positive relation to positive mental health; and (b) adolescents' perceived School Stress (PSS) mediated the relation between neuroticism and mental health but not the relation between extraversion and mental health. The findings suggest that School professionals should consider adolescents' personality traits and School-based Stress when planning and delivering mental health services. The findings of the relations between extraversion and PSS are also discussed in light of the face culture in China. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).