The Experts below are selected from a list of 306 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jenny Bergström - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the efficiency of india s patent layering regime section 3 d from Scientific Terminology to patenting implications
IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 2015Co-Authors: Jenny BergströmAbstract:Amidst the controversy about promoting innovation through patents while maintaining access to medicines, India's 2005 Patents (Amendment) Act on patent layering offers a novel attempt at entering a middle path. Genuine advance is to be filtered from “evergreening” by requiring new forms of known substances to display enhanced therapeutic efficacy in order to be patentable. For this purpose, substance derivatives are presumed to be the same as the original known substance. While this heightened patentability standard for incremental innovation has been widely discussed from economic, political and legal standpoints, it has not yet been fully considered on natural Scientific grounds. In this article, the Sec. 3(d) criteria “enhanced therapeutic efficacy” and the negative presumption on substance derivatives will be explored on the Scientific basis of drug development in order to assess the regime's efficiency. This analysis reveals that “therapeutic” and “efficacy” are not entirely suitable as patentability criteria, while the presumption may entail undesired effects. Section 3(d) as it stands offers a novel approach to limiting evergreening and endorsing some incremental innovation, but much can be gained from a closer congruence between natural and legal Scientific Terminology in the pharmaceutical patenting context. A few interpretive adaptations are proposed to further fine-tune it to this end.
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The Efficiency of India's Patent Layering Regime – Section 3(d) from Scientific Terminology to Patenting Implications
IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 2015Co-Authors: Jenny BergströmAbstract:Amidst the controversy about promoting innovation through patents while maintaining access to medicines, India's 2005 Patents (Amendment) Act on patent layering offers a novel attempt at entering a middle path. Genuine advance is to be filtered from “evergreening” by requiring new forms of known substances to display enhanced therapeutic efficacy in order to be patentable. For this purpose, substance derivatives are presumed to be the same as the original known substance. While this heightened patentability standard for incremental innovation has been widely discussed from economic, political and legal standpoints, it has not yet been fully considered on natural Scientific grounds. In this article, the Sec. 3(d) criteria “enhanced therapeutic efficacy” and the negative presumption on substance derivatives will be explored on the Scientific basis of drug development in order to assess the regime's efficiency. This analysis reveals that “therapeutic” and “efficacy” are not entirely suitable as patentability criteria, while the presumption may entail undesired effects. Section 3(d) as it stands offers a novel approach to limiting evergreening and endorsing some incremental innovation, but much can be gained from a closer congruence between natural and legal Scientific Terminology in the pharmaceutical patenting context. A few interpretive adaptations are proposed to further fine-tune it to this end.
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The Efficiency of India's Patent Layering Regime – Section 3(d) from Scientific Terminology to Patenting Implications
IIC - International Review of Intellectual Property and Competition Law, 2015Co-Authors: Jenny BergströmAbstract:Amidst the controversy about promoting innovation through patents while maintaining access to medicines, India's 2005 Patents (Amendment) Act on patent layering offers a novel attempt at entering a middle path. Genuine advance is to be filtered from “evergreening” by requiring new forms of known substances to display enhanced therapeutic efficacy in order to be patentable. For this purpose, substance derivatives are presumed to be the same as the original known substance. While this heightened patentability standard for incremental innovation has been widely discussed from economic, political and legal standpoints, it has not yet been fully considered on natural Scientific grounds. In this article, the Sec. 3(d) criteria “enhanced therapeutic efficacy” and the negative presumption on substance derivatives will be explored on the Scientific basis of drug development in order to assess the regime's efficiency. This analysis reveals that “therapeutic” and “efficacy” are not entirely suitable as patentability criteria, while the presumption may entail undesired effects. Section 3(d) as it stands offers a novel approach to limiting evergreening and endorsing some incremental innovation, but much can be gained from a closer congruence between natural and legal Scientific Terminology in the pharmaceutical patenting context. A few interpretive adaptations are proposed to further fine-tune it to this end.
Felix Banda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fueli hatabu issues in the harmonisation and standardisation of kiswahili Scientific Terminology in tanzanian primary schools
Language Culture and Curriculum, 2010Co-Authors: George N. Shumbusho, Felix BandaAbstract:Kiswahili is the medium of instruction in Tanzania for 7 years of primary education and thereafter, English takes over at secondary and tertiary levels. However, there has been a debate about the efficacy of English in Tanzania's education system with some researchers recommending a switch to Kiswahili as a way to ameliorate the situation. By contrast, this paper examines the problems presented by the unharmonised and unstandardised Scientific Terminology used by different textbook writers in Tanzania. The paper concludes by offering some solutions to the problems. More importantly, since Kiswahili is a cross-border language, it is also concluded that Kiswahili harmonisation and standardisation, as well as language planning, should better be conceived as status and corpus planning of Kiswahili across borders.
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‘Fueli’ = ‘hatabu’: issues in the harmonisation and standardisation of Kiswahili Scientific Terminology in Tanzanian primary schools
Language Culture and Curriculum, 2010Co-Authors: George N. Shumbusho, Felix BandaAbstract:Kiswahili is the medium of instruction in Tanzania for 7 years of primary education and thereafter, English takes over at secondary and tertiary levels. However, there has been a debate about the efficacy of English in Tanzania's education system with some researchers recommending a switch to Kiswahili as a way to ameliorate the situation. By contrast, this paper examines the problems presented by the unharmonised and unstandardised Scientific Terminology used by different textbook writers in Tanzania. The paper concludes by offering some solutions to the problems. More importantly, since Kiswahili is a cross-border language, it is also concluded that Kiswahili harmonisation and standardisation, as well as language planning, should better be conceived as status and corpus planning of Kiswahili across borders.
George N. Shumbusho - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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fueli hatabu issues in the harmonisation and standardisation of kiswahili Scientific Terminology in tanzanian primary schools
Language Culture and Curriculum, 2010Co-Authors: George N. Shumbusho, Felix BandaAbstract:Kiswahili is the medium of instruction in Tanzania for 7 years of primary education and thereafter, English takes over at secondary and tertiary levels. However, there has been a debate about the efficacy of English in Tanzania's education system with some researchers recommending a switch to Kiswahili as a way to ameliorate the situation. By contrast, this paper examines the problems presented by the unharmonised and unstandardised Scientific Terminology used by different textbook writers in Tanzania. The paper concludes by offering some solutions to the problems. More importantly, since Kiswahili is a cross-border language, it is also concluded that Kiswahili harmonisation and standardisation, as well as language planning, should better be conceived as status and corpus planning of Kiswahili across borders.
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‘Fueli’ = ‘hatabu’: issues in the harmonisation and standardisation of Kiswahili Scientific Terminology in Tanzanian primary schools
Language Culture and Curriculum, 2010Co-Authors: George N. Shumbusho, Felix BandaAbstract:Kiswahili is the medium of instruction in Tanzania for 7 years of primary education and thereafter, English takes over at secondary and tertiary levels. However, there has been a debate about the efficacy of English in Tanzania's education system with some researchers recommending a switch to Kiswahili as a way to ameliorate the situation. By contrast, this paper examines the problems presented by the unharmonised and unstandardised Scientific Terminology used by different textbook writers in Tanzania. The paper concludes by offering some solutions to the problems. More importantly, since Kiswahili is a cross-border language, it is also concluded that Kiswahili harmonisation and standardisation, as well as language planning, should better be conceived as status and corpus planning of Kiswahili across borders.
Cristina Ribeiro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Terminology on Health Queries: An Analysis by User’s Health Literacy and Topic Familiarity
Current Issues in Libraries Information Science and Related Fields, 2015Co-Authors: Carla Teixeira Lopes, Cristina RibeiroAbstract:Abstract Prior studies have shown that Terminology support can improve health information retrieval but have not taken into account the characteristics of the user performing the search. In this chapter, the impact of translating queries’ terms between lay and medico-Scientific Terminology, in users with different levels of health literacy and topic familiarity, is evaluated. Findings demonstrate that medico-Scientific queries demand more from the users and are mostly aimed at health professionals. In addition, these queries retrieve documents that are less readable and less well understood by users. Despite this, medico-Scientific queries are associated with higher precision in the top-10 retrieved documents results and tend slightly to generate knowledge with less incorrect contents, the researchers concluded that search engines should provide query suggestions with medico-Scientific Terminology, whenever the user is able to digest it, that is, in users above the lowest levels of health literacy and topic familiarity. On the other hand, retrieval systems should provide lay alternative queries in users with inadequate health literacy or in those unfamiliar with a topic. In fact, the quantity of incorrect contents in the knowledge that emerges from a medico-Scientific session tends to decrease with topic familiarity and health literacy. In terms of topic familiarity, the opposite happens with Graded Average Precision. Moreover, users most familiar with a topic tend to have higher motivational relevance with medico-Scientific queries than with lay queries. This work is the first to consider user context features while studying the impact of a query processing technique in several aspects of the retrieval process, including the medical accuracy of the acquired knowledge.
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SouthCHI - Query Behavior: The Impact of Health Literacy, Topic Familiarity and Terminology
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2013Co-Authors: Carla Teixeira Lopes, Cristina RibeiroAbstract:We conducted a user study to analyze how health literacy, topic familiarity and the Terminology used in past queries affect query behavior in health searches. We found that users with inadequate health literacy have less success in web searches and show more difficulties in query formulation. These users and the ones not familiar with the topic use medico-Scientific Terminology less often than users with more health literacy and topic familiarity. We conclude that search engines should help these groups of users in query formulation and, since technical documents stimulate the use of medico-Scientific Terminology in query reformulation, mechanisms like query suggestion can have long-term benefits.
Carla Teixeira Lopes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is it a lay or medico-Scientific concept? Automatic classification in two languages
2019 14th Iberian Conference on Information Systems and Technologies (CISTI), 2019Co-Authors: Paulo Miguel Santos, Carla Teixeira LopesAbstract:Searching for health information is the third most popular activity on the Internet. There is evidence that query suggestions in lay and medico-Scientific Terminology improve health information retrieval by who is not a health professional. Developing systems that suggest queries in these terminologies requires knowing if concepts are lay or medico-Scientific. In this paper, we propose and compare approaches to compute the degree of association of a concept to lay and medico-Scientific Terminology. We use different thesauri for this purpose and use the cosine similarity to measure the closeness of concepts with subsets of those thesauri. The evaluation of our approaches uses an existing glossary containing concepts in both terminologies in English and Portuguese and a and a set of queries submitted by users and classified by health professionals as lay or medical-Scientific. We concluded that the best method to classify a concept uses the CHV vocabulary as a subset.
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Effects of Terminology on Health Queries: An Analysis by User’s Health Literacy and Topic Familiarity
Current Issues in Libraries Information Science and Related Fields, 2015Co-Authors: Carla Teixeira Lopes, Cristina RibeiroAbstract:Abstract Prior studies have shown that Terminology support can improve health information retrieval but have not taken into account the characteristics of the user performing the search. In this chapter, the impact of translating queries’ terms between lay and medico-Scientific Terminology, in users with different levels of health literacy and topic familiarity, is evaluated. Findings demonstrate that medico-Scientific queries demand more from the users and are mostly aimed at health professionals. In addition, these queries retrieve documents that are less readable and less well understood by users. Despite this, medico-Scientific queries are associated with higher precision in the top-10 retrieved documents results and tend slightly to generate knowledge with less incorrect contents, the researchers concluded that search engines should provide query suggestions with medico-Scientific Terminology, whenever the user is able to digest it, that is, in users above the lowest levels of health literacy and topic familiarity. On the other hand, retrieval systems should provide lay alternative queries in users with inadequate health literacy or in those unfamiliar with a topic. In fact, the quantity of incorrect contents in the knowledge that emerges from a medico-Scientific session tends to decrease with topic familiarity and health literacy. In terms of topic familiarity, the opposite happens with Graded Average Precision. Moreover, users most familiar with a topic tend to have higher motivational relevance with medico-Scientific queries than with lay queries. This work is the first to consider user context features while studying the impact of a query processing technique in several aspects of the retrieval process, including the medical accuracy of the acquired knowledge.
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SouthCHI - Query Behavior: The Impact of Health Literacy, Topic Familiarity and Terminology
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2013Co-Authors: Carla Teixeira Lopes, Cristina RibeiroAbstract:We conducted a user study to analyze how health literacy, topic familiarity and the Terminology used in past queries affect query behavior in health searches. We found that users with inadequate health literacy have less success in web searches and show more difficulties in query formulation. These users and the ones not familiar with the topic use medico-Scientific Terminology less often than users with more health literacy and topic familiarity. We conclude that search engines should help these groups of users in query formulation and, since technical documents stimulate the use of medico-Scientific Terminology in query reformulation, mechanisms like query suggestion can have long-term benefits.