The Experts below are selected from a list of 969 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
John A O Ojewole - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Sclerocarya birrea a rich hochst marula anacardiaceae a review of its phytochemistry pharmacology and toxicology and its ethnomedicinal uses
Phytotherapy Research, 2010Co-Authors: John A O Ojewole, Tariro Mawoza, Witness D H Chiwororo, Peter M O OwiraAbstract:A plethora of ethnotherapeutic properties and pharmacological actions have been attributed to Sclerocarya birrea (family: Anacardiaceae). It is one of the most highly valued indigenous trees of southern Africa. Reports in biomedical literature have indicated the presence of medicinally-important chemical constituents in the plant, notably: polyphenols, tannins, coumarins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, phytosterols, and so forth. Pharmacological studies by various groups of investigators have shown that S. birrea possesses antidiarrhoeal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, antinociceptive and antioxidant properties, thus lending pharmacological support to the plant's folkloric, ethnotherapeutic uses in South African traditional medicine. In view of the immense medicinal importance of the plant, this review aimed at compiling all currently available information on S. birrea's chemical constituents, as well as its ethnomedicinal, pharmacological and toxicological properties. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
-
Sclerocarya birrea a rich hochst marula anacardiaceae a review of its phytochemistry pharmacology and toxicology and its ethnomedicinal uses
Phytotherapy Research, 2010Co-Authors: John A O Ojewole, Tariro Mawoza, Witness D H Chiwororo, Peter M O OwiraAbstract:A plethora of ethnotherapeutic properties and pharmacological actions have been attributed to Sclerocarya birrea (family: Anacardiaceae). It is one of the most highly valued indigenous trees of southern Africa. Reports in biomedical literature have indicated the presence of medicinally-important chemical constituents in the plant, notably: polyphenols, tannins, coumarins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, phytosterols, and so forth. Pharmacological studies by various groups of investigators have shown that S. birrea possesses antidiarrhoeal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, antinociceptive and antioxidant properties, thus lending pharmacological support to the plant's folkloric, ethnotherapeutic uses in South African traditional medicine. In view of the immense medicinal importance of the plant, this review aimed at compiling all currently available information on S. birrea's chemical constituents, as well as its ethnomedicinal, pharmacological and toxicological properties.
-
anticonvulsant effect of Sclerocarya birrea a rich hochst subsp caffra sond kokwaro anacardiaceae stem bark aqueous extract in mice
Journal of Natural Medicines, 2006Co-Authors: John A O OjewoleAbstract:Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro (family: Anacardiaceae) is traditionally used in South African folk medicine for the treatment, management and control of a variety of human ailments, including childhood convulsions and epilepsy. In the present study, we have investigated the anticonvulsant activity of the plant’s stem-bark aqueous extract (SBE) against pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-, picrotoxin (PCT)-, and bicuculline (BCL)-induced seizures in mice. Phenobarbital and diazepam were used as reference anticonvulsant drugs for comparison. Like the reference anticonvulsant agents used, S. birrea SBE (100–800 mg/kg p.o.) significantly (P 0.05). The plant extract also depressed the central nervous system. In conclusion, the findings of the present experimental animal study indicate that S. birrea SBE possesses anticonvulsant activity, thus lending pharmacological support to the suggested folkloric, ethnomedical uses of the plant extract in the management, control, and treatment of childhood convulsions and epilepsy in some rural communities of South Africa.
-
vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects of Sclerocarya birrea a rich hochst anacardiaceae stem bark aqueous extract in rats
Cardiovascular journal of South Africa : official journal for Southern Africa Cardiac Society [and] South African Society of Cardiac Practitioners, 2006Co-Authors: John A O OjewoleAbstract:The vasorelaxant and hypotensive effects of Sclerocarya birrea stem bark aqueous extract have been examined in rat experimental paradigms. Cumulative additions of S birrea stem bark aqueous extract (SBE 12.5-200 mg/ml) to the bath fluid induced concentration-dependent relaxations of endothelium-containing normotensive Wistar rat isolated aortic rings pre-contracted with noradrenaline (NA). The vasorelaxant effect of SBE on endothelium-containing isolated aortic rings was annulled by removal of the functional endothelium (in endothelium-denuded normotensive Wistar rat isolated aortic rings), or by pretreatment of the endothelium-containing isolated aortic rings with N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Bolus intravenous administrations of the plant extract (SBE 25-400 mg/kg iv) caused transient, dose-dependent and significant (p < 0.05-0.001) reductions in systemic arterial blood pressure and heart rates of anaesthetised normotensive and hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive rats. The findings of this experimental animal study suggest that S birrea stem bark aqueous extract relaxes normotensive Wistar rat aortic vascular smooth muscle via endothelium-dependent nitric oxide (NO); and that the hypotensive effect of the plant extract is likely to be mediated, at least in part, through nitric oxide synthase activation and subsequent nitric oxide release.
-
evaluation of the analgesic anti inflammatory and anti diabetic properties of Sclerocarya birrea a rich hochst stem bark aqueous extract in mice and rats
Phytotherapy Research, 2004Co-Authors: John A O OjewoleAbstract:In order to appraise some of the ethnomedical uses of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst., subspecies caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro [family: Anacardiaceae], the present study was undertaken to investigate the analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic properties of the plant's stem-bark aqueous extract in experimental models of pain, inflammation and diabetes mellitus. The analgesic effect of Sclerocarya birrea stem-bark aqueous extract was evaluated in mice, while its anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic effects were investigated in rats. Diclofenac (DIC, 100 mg/kg p. o.) and chlorpropamide (250 mg/kg p. o.) were used respectively as reference analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic agents for comparison. Like diclofenac (DIC, 100 mg/kg p. o.), Sclerocarya birrea stem-bark aqueous extract (SBE, 100-800 mg/kg p. o.) produced dose-dependent, significant protection (p < 0.05-0.001) against electrical heat-induced pain. The plant extract (SBE, 25-800 mg/kg p. o.) also produced dose- and time-related, sustained and significant reductions (p < 0.05-0.001) in the fresh egg albumin-induced acute inflammation of the rat hind paw oedema. However, the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the plant's extract were found to be approximately 10-15 times less than that of diclofenac. In one set of experiments involving hypoglycaemic/antidiabetic evaluation of the plant's extract, graded doses of Sclerocarya birrea stem-bark aqueous extract (SBE, 25-800 mg/kg p. o.) were separately administered to groups of fasted normal and fasted diabetic rats. In another set of experiments, a single dose of the plant's aqueous extract (SBE, 800 mg/kg p. o.) was used. The hypoglycaemic effect of this single dose of Sclerocarya birrea stem-bark aqueous extract (SBE, 800 mg/kg p. o.) was compared with that of chlorpropamide (250 mg/kg p. o.) in both fasted normal and fasted streptozotocin (STZ)-treated diabetic rats. Following acute treatment, relatively moderate to high doses of Sclerocarya birrea stem-bark aqueous extract (SBE, 25-800 mg/kg p. o.) produced dose-dependent, significant reductions (p < 0.05-0.001) in the blood glucose concentrations of both fasted normal and fasted diabetic rats. Chlorpropamide (250 mg/kg p. o.) also produced significant reductions (p < 0.05-0.001) in the blood glucose concentrations of the fasted normal and fasted diabetic rats. Administration of the single dose of Sclerocarya birrea stem-bark aqueous extract (SBE, 800 mg/kg p. o.) significantly reduced (p < 0.01-0.001) the blood glucose levels of both fasted normal (normoglycaemic) and fasted STZ-treated, diabetic rats. The results of this experimental animal study indicate that Sclerocarya birrea stem-bark aqueous extract possesses analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycaemic properties. These experimental findings lend pharmacological support to the suggested folkloric uses of the plant's stem-bark in the management and/or control of pain, inflammatory conditions, and adult-onset, type-2 diabetes mellitus in some communities of South Africa.
Nunziatina De Tommasi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
chemical composition and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds from wild and cultivated Sclerocarya birrea anacardiaceae leaves
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Alessandra Braca, Matteo Politi, Rokia Sanogo, Haby Sanou, Ivano Morelli, Cosimo Pizza, Nunziatina De TommasiAbstract:A quantitative study of the phenolic constituents of wild and cultivated leaves of Sclerocarya birrea (Anacardiaceae) was carried out by HPLC-UV/PDA and LC-MS. Phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract of wild plants led to the isolation of one new flavonol glycoside, quercetin 3-O-α-l-(5‘ ‘-galloyl)-arabinofuranoside (1), and eight known phenolic compounds; two epicatechin derivatives were also isolated from the same extract of the cultivated species. The antioxidant activity of all isolated compounds was determined by measuring free radical scavenging effects using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay and the coupled oxidation of β-carotene and linoleic acid (autoxidation assay). Keywords: Sclerocarya birrea; phenolic compounds; HPLC-UV/PDA; LC-MS; NMR; antioxidant activity
-
chemical composition and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds from wild and cultivated Sclerocarya birrea anacardiaceae leaves
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Alessandra Braca, Matteo Politi, Rokia Sanogo, Haby Sanou, Ivano Morelli, Cosimo Pizza, Nunziatina De TommasiAbstract:A quantitative study of the phenolic constituents of wild and cultivated leaves of Sclerocarya birrea(Anacardiaceae) was carried out by HPLC-UV/PDA and LC-MS. Phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract of wild plants led to the isolation of one new flavonol glycoside, quercetin 3-O-alpha-l-(5' '-galloyl)-arabinofuranoside (1), and eight known phenolic compounds; two epicatechin derivatives were also isolated from the same extract of the cultivated species. The antioxidant activity of all isolated compounds was determined by measuring free radical scavenging effects using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay and the coupled oxidation of beta-carotene and linoleic acid (autoxidation assay).
Roland N Ndip - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
the acetone extract of Sclerocarya birrea anacardiaceae possesses antiproliferative and apoptotic potential against human breast cancer cell lines mcf 7
The Scientific World Journal, 2013Co-Authors: Nicoline F Tanih, Roland N NdipAbstract:Interesting antimicrobial data from the stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea, which support its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases, have been delineated. The current study was aimed to further study some pharmacological and toxicological properties of the plant to scientifically justify its use. Anticancer activity of water and acetone extracts of S. birrea was evaluated on three different cell lines, HT-29, HeLa, and MCF-7 using the cell titre blue viability assay in 96-well plates. Apoptosis was evaluated using the acridine orange and propidium iodide staining method, while morphological structure of treated cells was examined using SEM. The acetone extract exhibited remarkable antiproliferative activities on MCF-7 cell lines at dose- and time-dependent manners (24 h and 48 h of incubation). The extract also exerted apoptotic programmed cell death in MCF-7 cells with significant effect on the DNA. Morphological examination also displayed apoptotic characteristics in the treated cells, including clumping, condensation, and culminating to budding of the cells to produce membrane-bound fragmentation, as well as formation of apoptotic bodies. The acetone extract of S. birrea possesses antiproliferative and apoptotic potential against MCF-7-treated cells and could be further exploited as a potential lead in anticancer therapy.
-
evaluation of the acetone and aqueous extracts of mature stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea for antioxidant and antimicrobial properties
Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2012Co-Authors: Nicoline F Tanih, Roland N NdipAbstract:We assayed the antimicrobial activity of acetone and aqueous extracts of the stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea on some selected bacteria and fungi species including; Streptococcus pyogenes, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella typhimurium, Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida glabrata, Trichosporon mucoides, and Candida krusei using both agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays. Based on the levels of activity, the acetone extract was examined for total polyphenolic content, radical scavenging and antioxidant activities. Total phenols of the extract were determined spectrophotometrically. The antioxidant activity was determined by the DPPH, ABTS and reducing power. All the bacteria and fungi species were susceptible to the plant extracts. The acetone extract was the most active for the bacterial species with MIC (0.156–0.625 mg/mL) while the aqueous extract was the most active for the fungi species with MIC (0.3125–1.25 mg/mL). The polyphenolic compounds were found as 27.2 mg/g tannic acid equivalent, 25.2 mg/g quercetin equivalent, 9.1 mg/g quercetin equivalent for phenols, flavonoid and flavonols respectively. The acetone extract exhibited a remarkable ability to scavenge radicals, strong reducing ability and a potential source of natural antioxidants. Both the acetone and aqueous extracts of S. birrea may provide a target for drug discovery.
-
preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro anti helicobacter pylori activity of acetone and aqueous extracts of the stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea anacardiaceae
Archives of Medical Research, 2011Co-Authors: Collise Njume, Roland N Ndip, A J AfolayanAbstract:Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance and other problems associated with combination therapy have generated a considerable interest in the search for alternative therapeutic agents. In order to identify novel sources of such agents, the antimicrobial activity of five solvent extracts of the stem bark of Sclerocarya birrea was investigated against 30 clinical strains of H . pylori and a reference strain NCTC 11638 using standard microbiological techniques. Metronidazole and amoxicillin were included in these experiments as positive control antibiotics. The active phytocomponents were detected by TLC and indirect bioautography. All the extracts exhibited anti- H . pylori activity with zone diameters of inhibition between 0 and 21 mm. The acetone and aqueous extracts showed potent anti- H . pylori activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC 90 ) values ranging from 0.06–2.50 mg/mL, whereas those for the control antibiotics ranged from 0.001–5.0 mg/mL. The acetone extract was highly bactericidal at 1.2 mg/mL with complete elimination of the organisms within 18 h. The activity of both acetone and aqueous extracts was better than metronidazole ( p R f ≤0.62 with >90% inhibition. These results demonstrate that the acetone and aqueous extracts of S . birrea may contain compounds with therapeutic activity; therefore, they may represent potential sources of new anti- H . pylori regimen.
Peter M O Owira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Sclerocarya birrea a rich hochst marula anacardiaceae a review of its phytochemistry pharmacology and toxicology and its ethnomedicinal uses
Phytotherapy Research, 2010Co-Authors: John A O Ojewole, Tariro Mawoza, Witness D H Chiwororo, Peter M O OwiraAbstract:A plethora of ethnotherapeutic properties and pharmacological actions have been attributed to Sclerocarya birrea (family: Anacardiaceae). It is one of the most highly valued indigenous trees of southern Africa. Reports in biomedical literature have indicated the presence of medicinally-important chemical constituents in the plant, notably: polyphenols, tannins, coumarins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, phytosterols, and so forth. Pharmacological studies by various groups of investigators have shown that S. birrea possesses antidiarrhoeal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, antinociceptive and antioxidant properties, thus lending pharmacological support to the plant's folkloric, ethnotherapeutic uses in South African traditional medicine. In view of the immense medicinal importance of the plant, this review aimed at compiling all currently available information on S. birrea's chemical constituents, as well as its ethnomedicinal, pharmacological and toxicological properties. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
-
Sclerocarya birrea a rich hochst marula anacardiaceae a review of its phytochemistry pharmacology and toxicology and its ethnomedicinal uses
Phytotherapy Research, 2010Co-Authors: John A O Ojewole, Tariro Mawoza, Witness D H Chiwororo, Peter M O OwiraAbstract:A plethora of ethnotherapeutic properties and pharmacological actions have been attributed to Sclerocarya birrea (family: Anacardiaceae). It is one of the most highly valued indigenous trees of southern Africa. Reports in biomedical literature have indicated the presence of medicinally-important chemical constituents in the plant, notably: polyphenols, tannins, coumarins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, phytosterols, and so forth. Pharmacological studies by various groups of investigators have shown that S. birrea possesses antidiarrhoeal, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiplasmodial, antihypertensive, anticonvulsant, antinociceptive and antioxidant properties, thus lending pharmacological support to the plant's folkloric, ethnotherapeutic uses in South African traditional medicine. In view of the immense medicinal importance of the plant, this review aimed at compiling all currently available information on S. birrea's chemical constituents, as well as its ethnomedicinal, pharmacological and toxicological properties.
Alessandra Braca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
chemical composition and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds from wild and cultivated Sclerocarya birrea anacardiaceae leaves
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Alessandra Braca, Matteo Politi, Rokia Sanogo, Haby Sanou, Ivano Morelli, Cosimo Pizza, Nunziatina De TommasiAbstract:A quantitative study of the phenolic constituents of wild and cultivated leaves of Sclerocarya birrea (Anacardiaceae) was carried out by HPLC-UV/PDA and LC-MS. Phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract of wild plants led to the isolation of one new flavonol glycoside, quercetin 3-O-α-l-(5‘ ‘-galloyl)-arabinofuranoside (1), and eight known phenolic compounds; two epicatechin derivatives were also isolated from the same extract of the cultivated species. The antioxidant activity of all isolated compounds was determined by measuring free radical scavenging effects using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay and the coupled oxidation of β-carotene and linoleic acid (autoxidation assay). Keywords: Sclerocarya birrea; phenolic compounds; HPLC-UV/PDA; LC-MS; NMR; antioxidant activity
-
chemical composition and antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds from wild and cultivated Sclerocarya birrea anacardiaceae leaves
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2003Co-Authors: Alessandra Braca, Matteo Politi, Rokia Sanogo, Haby Sanou, Ivano Morelli, Cosimo Pizza, Nunziatina De TommasiAbstract:A quantitative study of the phenolic constituents of wild and cultivated leaves of Sclerocarya birrea(Anacardiaceae) was carried out by HPLC-UV/PDA and LC-MS. Phytochemical analysis of the methanol extract of wild plants led to the isolation of one new flavonol glycoside, quercetin 3-O-alpha-l-(5' '-galloyl)-arabinofuranoside (1), and eight known phenolic compounds; two epicatechin derivatives were also isolated from the same extract of the cultivated species. The antioxidant activity of all isolated compounds was determined by measuring free radical scavenging effects using the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay and the coupled oxidation of beta-carotene and linoleic acid (autoxidation assay).
