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B F Nowak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mucous cell responses to contaminants and parasites in shorthorn Sculpins myoxocephalus scorpius from a former lead zinc mine in west greenland
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Mai Dang, Megan Stride, B F Nowak, Christian Sonne, Karin Pittman, Sophia V. Hansson, Lis Bach, Jens SondergaardAbstract:Previous studies of Sculpins from the former lead (Pb) - zinc (Zn) mine near Maarmorilik, West Greenland, have shown that these fish are affected by heavy metal exposure from the mine. In this study, we applied mucosal mapping (a stereological method for mucosal quantification in fish) to uncover interactions between the host, parasites and heavy metal exposure (Pb and Zn) in shorthorn Sculpins from the Maarmorilik mining site at a gradient of 3 stations. Skin and gill mucosal epithelia of shorthorn Sculpins were significantly affected and reflected the exposure to environmental heavy metals and parasites. Size of skin mucous cells was significantly smallest in the Sculpin from the station 3 where heavy metal contamination was lowest and the skin parasite load was highest. Gill filament mucous cells were largest and densest in fish from station 1 which was the most contaminated site. In gill lamellae the density of mucous cell followed a toxicity gradient and was significantly highest at the most contaminated station and significantly lowest at the least contaminated station. The persistent presence of toxic Pb and Zn levels in the sediment at the most contaminated station may have induced a small but measurable reduction in the surface area available for respiration and may have affected diffusion distance. The strong correlation between size of filamentous mucous cells and Pb concentrations in liver suggests that these cells can play an active role in reducing the somatic load of Pb in Sculpin. We suggest that mucosal mapping can be used to assess effects of contaminant and parasite exposure in future environmental field studies.
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Comparison of heavy metals, parasites and histopathology in Sculpins (Myoxocephalus spp.) from two sites at a lead-zinc mine in North East Greenland
'Elsevier BV', 2018Co-Authors: Rd Norregaard, B F Nowak, Bach L, Sondergaard J, Dang M, Gustavson K, Aastrup P, Geertz-hansen O, Ps Leifsson, Sonne CAbstract:The former lead-zinc mine at Mestersvig, Greenland, continues to contaminate the surrounding environment despite its operations ceasing over 50 years ago. Elevated concentrations of heavy metals are found in water, sediment and biota in the terrestrial, freshwater and marine environments. To shed light on the present contamination and its potential effects on local fish we investigated gill and liver histology of Sculpins (Myoxocephalus spp.) around the former mining area. Two species of Sculpins were caught; shorthorn Sculpins (M. scorpius; n = 16) and fourhorn Sculpins (M. quadricornis; n = 17) at a contaminated site, Nyhavn, and shorthorn Sculpins (M. scorpius; n = 25) at the reference site. In a previous study we found histopathological changes in the tissues of the Sculpins, and we suspected this to be related to elevated heavy metal tissue concentrations. Concentrations of Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se and Zn were significantly higher in Sculpins at Nyhavn compared to the reference site. Reference NOED and LOEC thresholds for biochemistry, tissue lesions, growth, survival and reproduction for hepatic Hg, As, Cd and Pb from the ERED database were exceeded in both Sculpin species. Histopathological investigations of the Sculpins gills revealed significant increases in the prevalence of hyperplastic epithelium, inflammation, intensity of neutral and total mucus cells and chloride cells along with an increased infection of colonial Peritricha. At the contaminated Nyhavn site, fourhorn Sculpins had a significantly higher prevalence of chondroplastic tissue and intensity of neutral, mixed and total mucus cells in the gills compared to the shorthorn Sculpins. The data indicate that both Sculpin species could be useful indicator species for environmental monitoring of metal pollution in Arctic areas. However, confounding effects of gender and species should be investigated further. Effects on other biomarkers as well as baseline measurements should be included in future environmental monitoring efforts around mining activities in Greenland
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metal residues histopathology and presence of parasites in the liver and gills of fourhorn Sculpin myoxocephalus quadricornis and shorthorn Sculpin myoxocephalus scorpius near a former lead zinc mine in east greenland
Environmental Research, 2017Co-Authors: Mai Dang, Christian Sonne, Lis Bach, Jens Sondergaard, Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard, Kim Gustavson, Peter Aastrup, B F NowakAbstract:Fourhorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) and shorthorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) have been considered suitable local bioindicators for environmental monitoring studies in the Arctic. Because these species share many characteristics, data from the two species have previously been pooled when assessing marine metal contamination. A chemical and histological study was conducted on fourhorn and shorthorn Sculpins collected around a contaminated lead-zinc mine at East Greenland to investigate whether there were any differences in the residues of metals, histopathology and parasites in liver and gills between the two Sculpin species. The results demonstrated that concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) were significantly higher in the fourhorn Sculpins (p<0.001) while there were no significant differences for arsenic (As) or cadmium (Cd). Furthermore, density of blood vessel fibrosis (p=0.028), prevalence and density of chondroplasia (p=0.002 and p=0.005, respectively), number of mucin-containing mucous cells (p<0.001) and chloride cells (p<0.001) and mean intensity of colonial Peritricha (p<0.001) were significantly higher in fourhorn Sculpin. Based on these results we suggest that pooling the two species when conducting environmental assessments is not recommended as it can lead to incorrect conclusions. We propose that a larger study investigating the biological effects of zinc-lead mining in Greenland is needed.
Mai Dang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mucous cell responses to contaminants and parasites in shorthorn Sculpins myoxocephalus scorpius from a former lead zinc mine in west greenland
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Mai Dang, Megan Stride, B F Nowak, Christian Sonne, Karin Pittman, Sophia V. Hansson, Lis Bach, Jens SondergaardAbstract:Previous studies of Sculpins from the former lead (Pb) - zinc (Zn) mine near Maarmorilik, West Greenland, have shown that these fish are affected by heavy metal exposure from the mine. In this study, we applied mucosal mapping (a stereological method for mucosal quantification in fish) to uncover interactions between the host, parasites and heavy metal exposure (Pb and Zn) in shorthorn Sculpins from the Maarmorilik mining site at a gradient of 3 stations. Skin and gill mucosal epithelia of shorthorn Sculpins were significantly affected and reflected the exposure to environmental heavy metals and parasites. Size of skin mucous cells was significantly smallest in the Sculpin from the station 3 where heavy metal contamination was lowest and the skin parasite load was highest. Gill filament mucous cells were largest and densest in fish from station 1 which was the most contaminated site. In gill lamellae the density of mucous cell followed a toxicity gradient and was significantly highest at the most contaminated station and significantly lowest at the least contaminated station. The persistent presence of toxic Pb and Zn levels in the sediment at the most contaminated station may have induced a small but measurable reduction in the surface area available for respiration and may have affected diffusion distance. The strong correlation between size of filamentous mucous cells and Pb concentrations in liver suggests that these cells can play an active role in reducing the somatic load of Pb in Sculpin. We suggest that mucosal mapping can be used to assess effects of contaminant and parasite exposure in future environmental field studies.
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Histology of Sculpin spp . in east Greenland. I. Histological measures
Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Ninna Verland, Mai Dang, Lis Bach, Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard, Henrik M. Kaarsholm, Rune Dietz, Pall S. Leifsson, Barbara Nowak, Christian SonneAbstract:There is inadequate morphological nomenclature and definition of organ pathology when using wild fish in biomonitoring of environmental pollution. The aim of this investigation was to provide a guide that assesses histology of Shorthorn (Myoxocephalus scorpius) and Fourhorn (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) Sculpins obtained from a study using these two fish species as bioindicator organisms to evaluate environmental impact attributed to a dumpsite located in East Greenland. Specific histopathological lesions were quantified on the basis of Bernet et al. and all lesions were photomicrographed, evaluated, and placed into specific categories of five reaction patterns. These were circulatory disturbances, regressive changes, progressive alterations, inflammation, and tumors based on anatomical location, type, and severity. This method is postulated to enable an objective assessment of the histological integrity of fish gills and liver; thus, making it possible to compare Sculpin pathology and reaction patterns at different locations. Data suggest that this updated histological guide might be used for identification and quantification of histological lesions when applying Sculpins in biomonitoring programs in Greenland and other Arctic regions.
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metal residues histopathology and presence of parasites in the liver and gills of fourhorn Sculpin myoxocephalus quadricornis and shorthorn Sculpin myoxocephalus scorpius near a former lead zinc mine in east greenland
Environmental Research, 2017Co-Authors: Mai Dang, Christian Sonne, Lis Bach, Jens Sondergaard, Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard, Kim Gustavson, Peter Aastrup, B F NowakAbstract:Fourhorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) and shorthorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) have been considered suitable local bioindicators for environmental monitoring studies in the Arctic. Because these species share many characteristics, data from the two species have previously been pooled when assessing marine metal contamination. A chemical and histological study was conducted on fourhorn and shorthorn Sculpins collected around a contaminated lead-zinc mine at East Greenland to investigate whether there were any differences in the residues of metals, histopathology and parasites in liver and gills between the two Sculpin species. The results demonstrated that concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) were significantly higher in the fourhorn Sculpins (p<0.001) while there were no significant differences for arsenic (As) or cadmium (Cd). Furthermore, density of blood vessel fibrosis (p=0.028), prevalence and density of chondroplasia (p=0.002 and p=0.005, respectively), number of mucin-containing mucous cells (p<0.001) and chloride cells (p<0.001) and mean intensity of colonial Peritricha (p<0.001) were significantly higher in fourhorn Sculpin. Based on these results we suggest that pooling the two species when conducting environmental assessments is not recommended as it can lead to incorrect conclusions. We propose that a larger study investigating the biological effects of zinc-lead mining in Greenland is needed.
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Metal residues, histopathology and presence of parasites in the liver and gills of fourhorn Sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) and shorthorn Sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) near a former lead-zinc mine in East Greenland
Environmental research, 2016Co-Authors: Mai Dang, Christian Sonne, Lis Bach, Jens Sondergaard, Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard, Kim Gustavson, Peter Aastrup, Barbara F. NowakAbstract:Fourhorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) and shorthorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) have been considered suitable local bioindicators for environmental monitoring studies in the Arctic. Because these species share many characteristics, data from the two species have previously been pooled when assessing marine metal contamination. A chemical and histological study was conducted on fourhorn and shorthorn Sculpins collected around a contaminated lead-zinc mine at East Greenland to investigate whether there were any differences in the residues of metals, histopathology and parasites in liver and gills between the two Sculpin species. The results demonstrated that concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) were significantly higher in the fourhorn Sculpins (p
Lis Bach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mucous cell responses to contaminants and parasites in shorthorn Sculpins myoxocephalus scorpius from a former lead zinc mine in west greenland
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Mai Dang, Megan Stride, B F Nowak, Christian Sonne, Karin Pittman, Sophia V. Hansson, Lis Bach, Jens SondergaardAbstract:Previous studies of Sculpins from the former lead (Pb) - zinc (Zn) mine near Maarmorilik, West Greenland, have shown that these fish are affected by heavy metal exposure from the mine. In this study, we applied mucosal mapping (a stereological method for mucosal quantification in fish) to uncover interactions between the host, parasites and heavy metal exposure (Pb and Zn) in shorthorn Sculpins from the Maarmorilik mining site at a gradient of 3 stations. Skin and gill mucosal epithelia of shorthorn Sculpins were significantly affected and reflected the exposure to environmental heavy metals and parasites. Size of skin mucous cells was significantly smallest in the Sculpin from the station 3 where heavy metal contamination was lowest and the skin parasite load was highest. Gill filament mucous cells were largest and densest in fish from station 1 which was the most contaminated site. In gill lamellae the density of mucous cell followed a toxicity gradient and was significantly highest at the most contaminated station and significantly lowest at the least contaminated station. The persistent presence of toxic Pb and Zn levels in the sediment at the most contaminated station may have induced a small but measurable reduction in the surface area available for respiration and may have affected diffusion distance. The strong correlation between size of filamentous mucous cells and Pb concentrations in liver suggests that these cells can play an active role in reducing the somatic load of Pb in Sculpin. We suggest that mucosal mapping can be used to assess effects of contaminant and parasite exposure in future environmental field studies.
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Histology of Sculpin spp . in east Greenland. I. Histological measures
Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Ninna Verland, Mai Dang, Lis Bach, Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard, Henrik M. Kaarsholm, Rune Dietz, Pall S. Leifsson, Barbara Nowak, Christian SonneAbstract:There is inadequate morphological nomenclature and definition of organ pathology when using wild fish in biomonitoring of environmental pollution. The aim of this investigation was to provide a guide that assesses histology of Shorthorn (Myoxocephalus scorpius) and Fourhorn (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) Sculpins obtained from a study using these two fish species as bioindicator organisms to evaluate environmental impact attributed to a dumpsite located in East Greenland. Specific histopathological lesions were quantified on the basis of Bernet et al. and all lesions were photomicrographed, evaluated, and placed into specific categories of five reaction patterns. These were circulatory disturbances, regressive changes, progressive alterations, inflammation, and tumors based on anatomical location, type, and severity. This method is postulated to enable an objective assessment of the histological integrity of fish gills and liver; thus, making it possible to compare Sculpin pathology and reaction patterns at different locations. Data suggest that this updated histological guide might be used for identification and quantification of histological lesions when applying Sculpins in biomonitoring programs in Greenland and other Arctic regions.
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metal residues histopathology and presence of parasites in the liver and gills of fourhorn Sculpin myoxocephalus quadricornis and shorthorn Sculpin myoxocephalus scorpius near a former lead zinc mine in east greenland
Environmental Research, 2017Co-Authors: Mai Dang, Christian Sonne, Lis Bach, Jens Sondergaard, Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard, Kim Gustavson, Peter Aastrup, B F NowakAbstract:Fourhorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) and shorthorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) have been considered suitable local bioindicators for environmental monitoring studies in the Arctic. Because these species share many characteristics, data from the two species have previously been pooled when assessing marine metal contamination. A chemical and histological study was conducted on fourhorn and shorthorn Sculpins collected around a contaminated lead-zinc mine at East Greenland to investigate whether there were any differences in the residues of metals, histopathology and parasites in liver and gills between the two Sculpin species. The results demonstrated that concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) were significantly higher in the fourhorn Sculpins (p<0.001) while there were no significant differences for arsenic (As) or cadmium (Cd). Furthermore, density of blood vessel fibrosis (p=0.028), prevalence and density of chondroplasia (p=0.002 and p=0.005, respectively), number of mucin-containing mucous cells (p<0.001) and chloride cells (p<0.001) and mean intensity of colonial Peritricha (p<0.001) were significantly higher in fourhorn Sculpin. Based on these results we suggest that pooling the two species when conducting environmental assessments is not recommended as it can lead to incorrect conclusions. We propose that a larger study investigating the biological effects of zinc-lead mining in Greenland is needed.
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Metal residues, histopathology and presence of parasites in the liver and gills of fourhorn Sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) and shorthorn Sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) near a former lead-zinc mine in East Greenland
Environmental research, 2016Co-Authors: Mai Dang, Christian Sonne, Lis Bach, Jens Sondergaard, Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard, Kim Gustavson, Peter Aastrup, Barbara F. NowakAbstract:Fourhorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) and shorthorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) have been considered suitable local bioindicators for environmental monitoring studies in the Arctic. Because these species share many characteristics, data from the two species have previously been pooled when assessing marine metal contamination. A chemical and histological study was conducted on fourhorn and shorthorn Sculpins collected around a contaminated lead-zinc mine at East Greenland to investigate whether there were any differences in the residues of metals, histopathology and parasites in liver and gills between the two Sculpin species. The results demonstrated that concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) were significantly higher in the fourhorn Sculpins (p
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otolith chemistry of common Sculpins myoxocephalus scorpius in a mining polluted greenlandic fiord black angel lead zinc mine west greenland
Water Air and Soil Pollution, 2015Co-Authors: Jens Sondergaard, Christian Sonne, Lis Bach, Kim Gustavson, Norman M Halden, Anders MosbechAbstract:Sculpins are widely used as key species for monitoring heavy metal pollution near arctic mine sites. Typically, metal concentrations in liver and muscle tissue have been used as a proxy for metal exposure but such analyses lack temporal information of uptake and accumulation. Otoliths (ear bones) are considered metabolically stable and can potentially contain a complete record of the fish’s metal exposure history. To investigate the otolith chemistry of Sculpins and the potential of these as records of metal exposure, common Sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) were collected at five sites near a former Pb–Zn mine in West Greenland. Otoliths were analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for 12 elements of which Mg, Mn, Sr, Ba, and Pb were detected. The highest Pb concentrations were found within the otoliths from the most Pb-polluted sites near the mine (up to 0.6 ppm), and decreasing concentrations were observed in a gradient away from the mine. Notably, Pb and Sr variations were closely correlated and showed an annual oscillatory pattern with peaks consistently found in the winter zones. It is not clear to what the extent high winter-time accumulation of Pb in the otoliths is due to high winter-time exposure of Pb through diet or water and/or to physiological processes such as growth in the Sculpins. The study indicates that LA-ICP-MS analyses of Sculpin otoliths have the potential to become a valuable method for assessing time-resolved metal loading near mine sites but also that more studies are required to investigate the links between metal sources, pathways, and processes affecting otolith metal deposition.
Jens Sondergaard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mucous cell responses to contaminants and parasites in shorthorn Sculpins myoxocephalus scorpius from a former lead zinc mine in west greenland
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Mai Dang, Megan Stride, B F Nowak, Christian Sonne, Karin Pittman, Sophia V. Hansson, Lis Bach, Jens SondergaardAbstract:Previous studies of Sculpins from the former lead (Pb) - zinc (Zn) mine near Maarmorilik, West Greenland, have shown that these fish are affected by heavy metal exposure from the mine. In this study, we applied mucosal mapping (a stereological method for mucosal quantification in fish) to uncover interactions between the host, parasites and heavy metal exposure (Pb and Zn) in shorthorn Sculpins from the Maarmorilik mining site at a gradient of 3 stations. Skin and gill mucosal epithelia of shorthorn Sculpins were significantly affected and reflected the exposure to environmental heavy metals and parasites. Size of skin mucous cells was significantly smallest in the Sculpin from the station 3 where heavy metal contamination was lowest and the skin parasite load was highest. Gill filament mucous cells were largest and densest in fish from station 1 which was the most contaminated site. In gill lamellae the density of mucous cell followed a toxicity gradient and was significantly highest at the most contaminated station and significantly lowest at the least contaminated station. The persistent presence of toxic Pb and Zn levels in the sediment at the most contaminated station may have induced a small but measurable reduction in the surface area available for respiration and may have affected diffusion distance. The strong correlation between size of filamentous mucous cells and Pb concentrations in liver suggests that these cells can play an active role in reducing the somatic load of Pb in Sculpin. We suggest that mucosal mapping can be used to assess effects of contaminant and parasite exposure in future environmental field studies.
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metal residues histopathology and presence of parasites in the liver and gills of fourhorn Sculpin myoxocephalus quadricornis and shorthorn Sculpin myoxocephalus scorpius near a former lead zinc mine in east greenland
Environmental Research, 2017Co-Authors: Mai Dang, Christian Sonne, Lis Bach, Jens Sondergaard, Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard, Kim Gustavson, Peter Aastrup, B F NowakAbstract:Fourhorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) and shorthorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) have been considered suitable local bioindicators for environmental monitoring studies in the Arctic. Because these species share many characteristics, data from the two species have previously been pooled when assessing marine metal contamination. A chemical and histological study was conducted on fourhorn and shorthorn Sculpins collected around a contaminated lead-zinc mine at East Greenland to investigate whether there were any differences in the residues of metals, histopathology and parasites in liver and gills between the two Sculpin species. The results demonstrated that concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) were significantly higher in the fourhorn Sculpins (p<0.001) while there were no significant differences for arsenic (As) or cadmium (Cd). Furthermore, density of blood vessel fibrosis (p=0.028), prevalence and density of chondroplasia (p=0.002 and p=0.005, respectively), number of mucin-containing mucous cells (p<0.001) and chloride cells (p<0.001) and mean intensity of colonial Peritricha (p<0.001) were significantly higher in fourhorn Sculpin. Based on these results we suggest that pooling the two species when conducting environmental assessments is not recommended as it can lead to incorrect conclusions. We propose that a larger study investigating the biological effects of zinc-lead mining in Greenland is needed.
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Metal residues, histopathology and presence of parasites in the liver and gills of fourhorn Sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) and shorthorn Sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) near a former lead-zinc mine in East Greenland
Environmental research, 2016Co-Authors: Mai Dang, Christian Sonne, Lis Bach, Jens Sondergaard, Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard, Kim Gustavson, Peter Aastrup, Barbara F. NowakAbstract:Fourhorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) and shorthorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) have been considered suitable local bioindicators for environmental monitoring studies in the Arctic. Because these species share many characteristics, data from the two species have previously been pooled when assessing marine metal contamination. A chemical and histological study was conducted on fourhorn and shorthorn Sculpins collected around a contaminated lead-zinc mine at East Greenland to investigate whether there were any differences in the residues of metals, histopathology and parasites in liver and gills between the two Sculpin species. The results demonstrated that concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) were significantly higher in the fourhorn Sculpins (p
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otolith chemistry of common Sculpins myoxocephalus scorpius in a mining polluted greenlandic fiord black angel lead zinc mine west greenland
Water Air and Soil Pollution, 2015Co-Authors: Jens Sondergaard, Christian Sonne, Lis Bach, Kim Gustavson, Norman M Halden, Anders MosbechAbstract:Sculpins are widely used as key species for monitoring heavy metal pollution near arctic mine sites. Typically, metal concentrations in liver and muscle tissue have been used as a proxy for metal exposure but such analyses lack temporal information of uptake and accumulation. Otoliths (ear bones) are considered metabolically stable and can potentially contain a complete record of the fish’s metal exposure history. To investigate the otolith chemistry of Sculpins and the potential of these as records of metal exposure, common Sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) were collected at five sites near a former Pb–Zn mine in West Greenland. Otoliths were analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for 12 elements of which Mg, Mn, Sr, Ba, and Pb were detected. The highest Pb concentrations were found within the otoliths from the most Pb-polluted sites near the mine (up to 0.6 ppm), and decreasing concentrations were observed in a gradient away from the mine. Notably, Pb and Sr variations were closely correlated and showed an annual oscillatory pattern with peaks consistently found in the winter zones. It is not clear to what the extent high winter-time accumulation of Pb in the otoliths is due to high winter-time exposure of Pb through diet or water and/or to physiological processes such as growth in the Sculpins. The study indicates that LA-ICP-MS analyses of Sculpin otoliths have the potential to become a valuable method for assessing time-resolved metal loading near mine sites but also that more studies are required to investigate the links between metal sources, pathways, and processes affecting otolith metal deposition.
Christian Sonne - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mucous cell responses to contaminants and parasites in shorthorn Sculpins myoxocephalus scorpius from a former lead zinc mine in west greenland
Science of The Total Environment, 2019Co-Authors: Mai Dang, Megan Stride, B F Nowak, Christian Sonne, Karin Pittman, Sophia V. Hansson, Lis Bach, Jens SondergaardAbstract:Previous studies of Sculpins from the former lead (Pb) - zinc (Zn) mine near Maarmorilik, West Greenland, have shown that these fish are affected by heavy metal exposure from the mine. In this study, we applied mucosal mapping (a stereological method for mucosal quantification in fish) to uncover interactions between the host, parasites and heavy metal exposure (Pb and Zn) in shorthorn Sculpins from the Maarmorilik mining site at a gradient of 3 stations. Skin and gill mucosal epithelia of shorthorn Sculpins were significantly affected and reflected the exposure to environmental heavy metals and parasites. Size of skin mucous cells was significantly smallest in the Sculpin from the station 3 where heavy metal contamination was lowest and the skin parasite load was highest. Gill filament mucous cells were largest and densest in fish from station 1 which was the most contaminated site. In gill lamellae the density of mucous cell followed a toxicity gradient and was significantly highest at the most contaminated station and significantly lowest at the least contaminated station. The persistent presence of toxic Pb and Zn levels in the sediment at the most contaminated station may have induced a small but measurable reduction in the surface area available for respiration and may have affected diffusion distance. The strong correlation between size of filamentous mucous cells and Pb concentrations in liver suggests that these cells can play an active role in reducing the somatic load of Pb in Sculpin. We suggest that mucosal mapping can be used to assess effects of contaminant and parasite exposure in future environmental field studies.
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Histology of Sculpin spp . in east Greenland. I. Histological measures
Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry, 2018Co-Authors: Ninna Verland, Mai Dang, Lis Bach, Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard, Henrik M. Kaarsholm, Rune Dietz, Pall S. Leifsson, Barbara Nowak, Christian SonneAbstract:There is inadequate morphological nomenclature and definition of organ pathology when using wild fish in biomonitoring of environmental pollution. The aim of this investigation was to provide a guide that assesses histology of Shorthorn (Myoxocephalus scorpius) and Fourhorn (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) Sculpins obtained from a study using these two fish species as bioindicator organisms to evaluate environmental impact attributed to a dumpsite located in East Greenland. Specific histopathological lesions were quantified on the basis of Bernet et al. and all lesions were photomicrographed, evaluated, and placed into specific categories of five reaction patterns. These were circulatory disturbances, regressive changes, progressive alterations, inflammation, and tumors based on anatomical location, type, and severity. This method is postulated to enable an objective assessment of the histological integrity of fish gills and liver; thus, making it possible to compare Sculpin pathology and reaction patterns at different locations. Data suggest that this updated histological guide might be used for identification and quantification of histological lesions when applying Sculpins in biomonitoring programs in Greenland and other Arctic regions.
-
metal residues histopathology and presence of parasites in the liver and gills of fourhorn Sculpin myoxocephalus quadricornis and shorthorn Sculpin myoxocephalus scorpius near a former lead zinc mine in east greenland
Environmental Research, 2017Co-Authors: Mai Dang, Christian Sonne, Lis Bach, Jens Sondergaard, Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard, Kim Gustavson, Peter Aastrup, B F NowakAbstract:Fourhorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) and shorthorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) have been considered suitable local bioindicators for environmental monitoring studies in the Arctic. Because these species share many characteristics, data from the two species have previously been pooled when assessing marine metal contamination. A chemical and histological study was conducted on fourhorn and shorthorn Sculpins collected around a contaminated lead-zinc mine at East Greenland to investigate whether there were any differences in the residues of metals, histopathology and parasites in liver and gills between the two Sculpin species. The results demonstrated that concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) were significantly higher in the fourhorn Sculpins (p<0.001) while there were no significant differences for arsenic (As) or cadmium (Cd). Furthermore, density of blood vessel fibrosis (p=0.028), prevalence and density of chondroplasia (p=0.002 and p=0.005, respectively), number of mucin-containing mucous cells (p<0.001) and chloride cells (p<0.001) and mean intensity of colonial Peritricha (p<0.001) were significantly higher in fourhorn Sculpin. Based on these results we suggest that pooling the two species when conducting environmental assessments is not recommended as it can lead to incorrect conclusions. We propose that a larger study investigating the biological effects of zinc-lead mining in Greenland is needed.
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Metal residues, histopathology and presence of parasites in the liver and gills of fourhorn Sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) and shorthorn Sculpin (Myoxocephalus scorpius) near a former lead-zinc mine in East Greenland
Environmental research, 2016Co-Authors: Mai Dang, Christian Sonne, Lis Bach, Jens Sondergaard, Rasmus Dyrmose Nørregaard, Kim Gustavson, Peter Aastrup, Barbara F. NowakAbstract:Fourhorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus quadricornis) and shorthorn Sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) have been considered suitable local bioindicators for environmental monitoring studies in the Arctic. Because these species share many characteristics, data from the two species have previously been pooled when assessing marine metal contamination. A chemical and histological study was conducted on fourhorn and shorthorn Sculpins collected around a contaminated lead-zinc mine at East Greenland to investigate whether there were any differences in the residues of metals, histopathology and parasites in liver and gills between the two Sculpin species. The results demonstrated that concentrations of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) were significantly higher in the fourhorn Sculpins (p
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otolith chemistry of common Sculpins myoxocephalus scorpius in a mining polluted greenlandic fiord black angel lead zinc mine west greenland
Water Air and Soil Pollution, 2015Co-Authors: Jens Sondergaard, Christian Sonne, Lis Bach, Kim Gustavson, Norman M Halden, Anders MosbechAbstract:Sculpins are widely used as key species for monitoring heavy metal pollution near arctic mine sites. Typically, metal concentrations in liver and muscle tissue have been used as a proxy for metal exposure but such analyses lack temporal information of uptake and accumulation. Otoliths (ear bones) are considered metabolically stable and can potentially contain a complete record of the fish’s metal exposure history. To investigate the otolith chemistry of Sculpins and the potential of these as records of metal exposure, common Sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius) were collected at five sites near a former Pb–Zn mine in West Greenland. Otoliths were analyzed by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) for 12 elements of which Mg, Mn, Sr, Ba, and Pb were detected. The highest Pb concentrations were found within the otoliths from the most Pb-polluted sites near the mine (up to 0.6 ppm), and decreasing concentrations were observed in a gradient away from the mine. Notably, Pb and Sr variations were closely correlated and showed an annual oscillatory pattern with peaks consistently found in the winter zones. It is not clear to what the extent high winter-time accumulation of Pb in the otoliths is due to high winter-time exposure of Pb through diet or water and/or to physiological processes such as growth in the Sculpins. The study indicates that LA-ICP-MS analyses of Sculpin otoliths have the potential to become a valuable method for assessing time-resolved metal loading near mine sites but also that more studies are required to investigate the links between metal sources, pathways, and processes affecting otolith metal deposition.
