The Experts below are selected from a list of 157413 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Nina Tynkkynen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The “Russian Issue” in transnational governance of the Baltic Sea Environment: Analysis of drivers and constraints of Russia's participation
Marine Policy, 2018Co-Authors: Nina TynkkynenAbstract:Abstract This paper aims to increase understanding on Russia's governance of the Baltic Sea Environment in general, and the drivers and constraints of Russia's participation in the HELCOM cooperation in particular. The drivers and constraints of Russian implementation of the Baltic Sea Action Plan are analyzed as a case study. The findings indicate that the main regulatory framework is in place but financing is still inadequate. While the main drivers of implementation of the BSAP relate to the physical factors, such as poor condition of the wastewater treatment facilities, the main constraints of the implementation are economic and politico-administrative in character.
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The Baltic Sea Environment and the European Union: Analysis of governance barriers
Marine Policy, 2017Co-Authors: Nina TynkkynenAbstract:Abstract The EU enlargement brought the Baltic Sea into the sphere of EU Environmental policymaking, making the Sea, with the exception of Russia, an EU inland Sea. Yet, the state of the Baltic Sea Environment is deteriorating at an alarming pace. This paper describes the evolution of the EU governance of the Baltic Sea Environment, focussing on governance barriers. The findings demonstrate how the choice of analytical lens influences the construction of governance barriers and the respective intervention strategies. Such understanding can help policy practitioners in their Search for successful measures to improve the governance situation in the Baltic Sea region.
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Russia and the Baltic Sea: frames and spaces of Environmental problems
Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2014Co-Authors: Nina TynkkynenAbstract:The Baltic Sea is among the most polluted Seas in the world, yet its protection in regional cooperation is often referred to as a success story of international Environmental politics. Like other coastal countries, Russia is closely committed to the Baltic Sea Environmental cooperation, although it does not have a specific “Baltic Sea Environmental policy,” and the Baltic Sea Environment is low on the list of political priorities. Based on interviews and media material, this paper analyzes Russian framings of the Baltic Sea Environment by focusing on problem definitions and scale frames which affect management options. The analysis reveals that while Russian framings underscore the problems of untreated wastewater and risks connected to maritime activities, local-scale problems such as the construction of dams and landfills are not widely raised as issues related to the marine Environment. Also, the spatial scales of the Baltic Sea Environment are framed in terms of the entire Sea. Consequently, the domin...
Yue Pan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stress Corrosion Cracking of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel with Simulated Welding Microstructures in Simulated Sea Environment at Different Depths
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2020Co-Authors: Longfei Song, Zhiyong Liu, Yue PanAbstract:The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of 2205 duplex stainless steels (DSSs) with different microstructures in simulated Sea Environments were studied by electrochemical measurements, electron backscattered diffraction and slow strain rate tensile tests. Heat treatments were used to obtain different microstructures. The DSSs were held at 1350 and 850 °C for 30 min and then quenched in the water. The results showed that the DSSs had a higher SCC susceptibility in simulated shallow Sea Environment than in the simulated deep-Sea Environment. Electrochemical mechanism of the SCC process was controlled by Environment factors (temperature, hydrostatic pressure and dissolved oxygen content). The mechanisms of SCC changed from anodic dissolution in the simulated shallow Sea Environment to hydrogen embrittlement in the simulated deep-Sea Environment. Moreover, the quenched DSSs, especially the steel held at 850 °C, were more vulnerable to SCC than as-received steel in the simulated Sea Environment due to the deterioration of the microstructure.
Fuhui Wang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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modeling the corrosion behavior of ni cr mo v high strength steel in the simulated deep Sea Environments using design of experiment and artificial neural network
Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2019Co-Authors: Yuchen Liu, Tao Zhang, Shujiang Geng, Fuhui WangAbstract:Abstract Corrosion in complex coupling Environments is an important issue in corrosion field, because it is difficult to take into account a large number of Environment factors and their interactions. Design of Experiment (DOE) can present a methodology to deal with this difficulty, although DOE is not commonly spread in corrosion field. Thus, modeling corrosion of Ni-Cr-Mo-V steel in deep Sea Environment was performed in order to provide example demonstrating the advantage of DOE. In addition, an artificial neural network mapping using back-propagation method was developed for Ni-Cr-Mo-V steel such that the ANN model can be used to predict polarization curves under different complex Sea Environments without experimentation. Furthermore, roles of Environment factors on corrosion of Ni-Cr-Mo-V steel in deep Sea Environment were discussed.
Zhiyong Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Stress Corrosion Cracking of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel with Simulated Welding Microstructures in Simulated Sea Environment at Different Depths
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2020Co-Authors: Longfei Song, Zhiyong Liu, Yue PanAbstract:The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of 2205 duplex stainless steels (DSSs) with different microstructures in simulated Sea Environments were studied by electrochemical measurements, electron backscattered diffraction and slow strain rate tensile tests. Heat treatments were used to obtain different microstructures. The DSSs were held at 1350 and 850 °C for 30 min and then quenched in the water. The results showed that the DSSs had a higher SCC susceptibility in simulated shallow Sea Environment than in the simulated deep-Sea Environment. Electrochemical mechanism of the SCC process was controlled by Environment factors (temperature, hydrostatic pressure and dissolved oxygen content). The mechanisms of SCC changed from anodic dissolution in the simulated shallow Sea Environment to hydrogen embrittlement in the simulated deep-Sea Environment. Moreover, the quenched DSSs, especially the steel held at 850 °C, were more vulnerable to SCC than as-received steel in the simulated Sea Environment due to the deterioration of the microstructure.
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the effect of hydrogen on stress corrosion behavior of x65 steel welded joint in simulated deep Sea Environment
Ocean Engineering, 2016Co-Authors: Hongxia Wan, Zhiyong Liu, Dongdong SongAbstract:In order to investigate stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of X65 pipeline steel and its welded joint area in deep Sea Environment. The simulated methods were used to obtain the welded joint of hardening and softening tissue in heat affected zone (HAZ) by annealing at 1300 °C for 10 min and then, normalized in air and quenched in water respectively; the other was to get 1000 m depths of marine Environment. The effect of hydrogen on SCC behavior of X65 pipeline steel in simulated deep Sea Environment was analyzed by a combination of hydrogen-charging, slow stain rate test (SSRT), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrochemistry. Results demonstrated that with the increasing of charging current density, Fracture of as-received appeared brittle characteristics and normalized and quenched steel generated micro cracks, Hydrogen-charging will enhance the SCC susceptibility of the steel in simulated deep Sea Environment. The corrosion potential of X65 steels was low in deep Sea Environment with hydrogen evolution reaction and showed some SCC sensitivity in deep Sea Environment. Heat treatment altered the microstructure of the steel, resulting in a change of SCC susceptibility. In particular, the quenched steel with a bainite micro-structure which had a higher SCC susceptibility than as-received and normalized steel in deep Sea Environment.
L J Qiao - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hydrostatic pressure effects on stress corrosion cracking of x70 pipeline steel in a simulated deep Sea Environment
International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 2017Co-Authors: Zhaoyi Yang, Bo Kan, L J QiaoAbstract:Abstract The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) properties of X70 pipeline steel in simulated deep-Sea Environments was investigated in a high-pressure vessel with a constant loading device. The results reveal that the threshold stress, σ SCC , for SCC is 0.89σ b , 0.78σ b and 0.68σ b in a 3.5% NaCl solution (pH = 7) of 0.1 MPa, 5 MPa and 10 MPa, respectively. When the 3.5% NaCl solution pH value decreased to 3, σ SCC decreased further to 0.83σ b , 0.68σ b and 0.53σ b , corresponding to 0.1 MPa, 5 MPa and 10 MPa, respectively. These results indicate that the hydrostatic pressure (HP) promotes SCC, particularly in an acidified sodium chloride solution. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy showed that on the sample surface, the HP promoted pitting propagation and linkage, which then initiated microcracks in SCC. The hydrogen concentration was 0.10 ppm, 0.17 ppm and 0.23 ppm after a 200-h immersion in a 3.5% NaCl solution (pH = 7) of 0.1 MPa, 5 MPa and 10 MPa, respectively, revealing that the hydrogen concentration increased approximately linearly with the HP. This result indicated that much more hydrogen was involved in the SCC process in a solution under a higher hydrostatic pressure. The SCC mechanism is controlled by both anodic dissolution and hydrogen-induced cracking in deep-Sea Environment.