The Experts below are selected from a list of 42 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Stacey Schultz-cherry - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Respiratory transmission of an avian H3N8 influenza Virus isolated from a harbour Seal
Nature Communications, 2014Co-Authors: Erik A. Karlsson, Hon S. Ip, Jeffrey S. Hall, Sun Woo Yoon, Jordan Johnson, Melinda A. Beck, Richard J. Webby, Stacey Schultz-cherryAbstract:Avian influenza Viruses constantly threaten human health as evidenced by the outbreaks of human H7N9 infections. Here, Karlsson et al . show that an avian H3N8 Virus isolated from harbour Seals has the potential to infect, cause disease and transmit in mammalian models of influenza Virus infection. The ongoing human H7N9 influenza infections highlight the threat of emerging avian influenza Viruses. In 2011, an avian H3N8 influenza Virus isolated from moribund New England harbour Seals was shown to have naturally acquired mutations known to increase the transmissibility of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza Viruses. To elucidate the potential human health threat, here we evaluate a panel of avian H3N8 Viruses and find that the harbour Seal Virus displays increased affinity for mammalian receptors, transmits via respiratory droplets in ferrets and replicates in human lung cells. Analysis of a panel of human sera for H3N8 neutralizing antibodies suggests that there is no population-wide immunity to these Viruses. The prevalence of H3N8 Viruses in birds and multiple mammalian species including recent isolations from pigs and evidence that it was a past human pandemic Virus make the need for surveillance and risk analysis of these Viruses of public health importance.
C J Bostock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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molecular and serological studies on the recent Seal Virus epizootics in europe and siberia
Science of The Total Environment, 1992Co-Authors: Thomas Barrett, J Crowther, Albert D M E Osterhaus, Shaila Melkote Subbarao, Jan Groen, L Haas, L V Mamaev, A M Titenko, Ilona Visser, C J BostockAbstract:The Virus epizootics which occurred in Seals in both Europe and Siberia during 1987/1988 were caused by two different morbilliVirus, referred to as phocid distemper Virus (PDV) 1 and 2, respectively. Molecular and serological studies have shown that the European Virus is quite distinct from canine distemper Virus (CDV), its closest relative in the morbilliVirus group. Analysis of tissues obtained from infected Seals from a wide geographical distrubution over Northern Europe showed that the infectious agent (PDV 1) was identical in all cases. Nucleotide sequence analysis of one of the Virus genes suggested that this Virus has evolved away from CDV over a long time period and is most probably an enzootic Virus of marine mammals. In contrast, the Virus (PDV 2) which caused the deaths of many Siberian Seals was indistinguishable, both serologically and at the molecular level, from CDV and must have originated from a land source.
Erik A. Karlsson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Respiratory transmission of an avian H3N8 influenza Virus isolated from a harbour Seal
Nature Communications, 2014Co-Authors: Erik A. Karlsson, Hon S. Ip, Jeffrey S. Hall, Sun Woo Yoon, Jordan Johnson, Melinda A. Beck, Richard J. Webby, Stacey Schultz-cherryAbstract:Avian influenza Viruses constantly threaten human health as evidenced by the outbreaks of human H7N9 infections. Here, Karlsson et al . show that an avian H3N8 Virus isolated from harbour Seals has the potential to infect, cause disease and transmit in mammalian models of influenza Virus infection. The ongoing human H7N9 influenza infections highlight the threat of emerging avian influenza Viruses. In 2011, an avian H3N8 influenza Virus isolated from moribund New England harbour Seals was shown to have naturally acquired mutations known to increase the transmissibility of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza Viruses. To elucidate the potential human health threat, here we evaluate a panel of avian H3N8 Viruses and find that the harbour Seal Virus displays increased affinity for mammalian receptors, transmits via respiratory droplets in ferrets and replicates in human lung cells. Analysis of a panel of human sera for H3N8 neutralizing antibodies suggests that there is no population-wide immunity to these Viruses. The prevalence of H3N8 Viruses in birds and multiple mammalian species including recent isolations from pigs and evidence that it was a past human pandemic Virus make the need for surveillance and risk analysis of these Viruses of public health importance.
Arnoldus Schytte Blix - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Isolation and partial characterization of a parapoxVirus isolated from a skin lesion of a Weddell Seal.
Virus research, 2020Co-Authors: Morten Tryland, Joern Klein, Erling S. Nordøy, Arnoldus Schytte BlixAbstract:A solitary skin lesion was found on the neck of a Weddell Seal (Leptonychotes weddellii), chemically immobilized in Queen Maud Land (70 degrees 09'S, 05 degrees 22'E) Antarctica 2001. The lesion was elevated and 3cm in diameter, consisting of partly fresh and partly necrotic tissue, and proliferative papilloma-like structures were seen. Electron microscopy on a biopsy from the lesion revealed typical parapoxVirus particles. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR; B2L gene) generated amplicons of approximately 594 base pairs, comparable to Orf-Virus, the prototype parapoxVirus. A comparison of these B2L PCR amplicon DNA sequences with corresponding sequences from other parapoxViruses, showed that the Weddell Seal Virus resembled isolates from grey Seal (Halichoerus grypus) and harbour Seal (Phoca vitulina) more than parapoxVirus from red deer (Cervus elaphus), sheep, cattle and Japanese serows (Capricornis crispus). It is thus concluded that the Weddell Seal parapoxVirus belong to the tentative Seal parapoxVirus species. Since parapox and orthopoxViruses may cause similar clinical diseases, we suggest that the term Sealpox should be restricted to the clinical disease, whereas Seal parapoxVirus should be used when caused by a parapoxVirus, rather than the general term "Sealpox Virus". This is the first verified case of parapoxVirus infection in a Weddell Seal, and also the first report of any such infections in the Antarctic.
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Isolation and partial characterization of a parapoxVirus isolated from a skin lesion of a Weddell Seal
Virus Research, 2005Co-Authors: Morten Tryland, Joern Klein, Erling S. Nordøy, Arnoldus Schytte BlixAbstract:Abstract A solitary skin lesion was found on the neck of a Weddell Seal ( Leptonychotes weddellii ), chemically immobilized in Queen Maud Land (70°09′S, 05°22′E) Antarctica 2001. The lesion was elevated and 3 cm in diameter, consisting of partly fresh and partly necrotic tissue, and proliferative papilloma-like structures were seen. Electron microscopy on a biopsy from the lesion revealed typical parapoxVirus particles. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR; B2L gene) generated amplicons of approximately 594 base pairs, comparable to Orf-Virus, the prototype parapoxVirus. A comparison of these B2L PCR amplicon DNA sequences with corresponding sequences from other parapoxViruses, showed that the Weddell Seal Virus resembled isolates from grey Seal ( Halichoerus grypus ) and harbour Seal ( Phoca vitulina ) more than parapoxVirus from red deer ( Cervus elaphus ), sheep, cattle and Japanese serows ( Capricornis crispus ). It is thus concluded that the Weddell Seal parapoxVirus belong to the tentative Seal parapoxVirus species. Since parapox and orthopoxViruses may cause similar clinical diseases, we suggest that the term Sealpox should be restricted to the clinical disease, whereas Seal parapoxVirus should be used when caused by a parapoxVirus, rather than the general term “Sealpox Virus”. This is the first verified case of parapoxVirus infection in a Weddell Seal, and also the first report of any such infections in the Antarctic.
James J. Campanella - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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A phylogenomic study of the genus AlphaVirus employing whole genome comparison: Research Articles
Comparative and Functional Genomics, 2005Co-Authors: Aimée J. Luers, Sandra D. Adams, John V. Smalley, James J. CampanellaAbstract:The phylogenetics of the genus AlphaVirus have historically been characterized using partial gene, single gene or partial proteomic data. We have mined cDNA and amino acid sequences from GenBank for all fully sequenced and some partially sequenced alphaViruses and generated phylogenomic analyses of the genus AlphaVirus genus, employing capsid encoding structural regions, non-structural coding regions and complete viral genomes. Our studies support the presence of the previously reported recombination event that produced the Western Equine Encephalitis clade, and confirm many of the patterns of geographic radiation and divergence of the multiple species. Our data suggest that the Salmon Pancreatic Disease Virus and Sleeping Disease Virus are sufficiently divergent to form a separate clade from the other alphaViruses. Also, unlike previously reported studies employing limited sequence data for correlation of phylogeny, our results indicate that the Barmah Forest Virus and Middelburg Virus appear to be members of the Semliki Forest clade. Additionally, our analysis indicates that the Southern Elephant Seal Virus is part of the Semliki Forest clade, although still phylogenetically distant from all known members of the genus AlphaVirus. Finally, we demonstrate that the whole Rubella viral genome provides an ideal outgroup for phylogenomic studies of the genus AlphaVirus. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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A Phylogenomic Study of the Genus AlphaVirus Employing Whole Genome Comparison
Comparative and Functional Genomics, 2005Co-Authors: Aimée J. Luers, Sandra D. Adams, John V. Smalley, James J. CampanellaAbstract:The phylogenetics of the genus AlphaVirus have historically been characterized using partial gene, single gene or partial proteomic data. We have mined cDNA and amino acid sequences from GenBank for all fully sequenced and some partially sequenced alphaViruses and generated phylogenomic analyses of the genus AlphaVirus genus, employing capsid encoding structural regions, non-structural coding regions and complete viral genomes. Our studies support the presence of the previously reported recombination event that produced the Western Equine Encephalitis clade, and confirm many of the patterns of geographic radiation and divergence of the multiple species. Our data suggest that the Salmon Pancreatic Disease Virus and Sleeping Disease Virus are sufficiently divergent to form a separate clade from the other alphaViruses. Also, unlike previously reported studies employing limited sequence data for correlation of phylogeny, our results indicate that the Barmah Forest Virus and Middelburg Virus appear to be members of the Semliki Forest clade. Additionally, our analysis indicates that the Southern Elephant Seal Virus is part of the Semliki Forest clade, although still phylogenetically distant from all known members of the genus AlphaVirus. Finally, we demonstrate that the whole Rubella viral genome provides an ideal outgroup for phylogenomic studies of the genus AlphaVirus.