The Experts below are selected from a list of 501771 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Rabia Najmi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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low vaccination in rural sindh pakistan a case of refusal ignorance or access
Vaccine, 2020Co-Authors: Durenaz Jamal, Shehla Zaidi, Sara Husain, David W Orr, Atif Riaz, Asif A Farrukhi, Rabia NajmiAbstract:Abstract Introduction Pakistan is suffering from low routine childhood immunization (RI) coverage, meriting a systematic examination of community acceptance and barriers towards vaccination with a view to inform responsive strategies. We examine community perspectives on RI for children 0–23 months of age, unveiling community beliefs, Health systems barriers and willingness to actively seek immunization services. Methods A qualitative study was conducted in the rural under-resourced district of Tando Muhammad Khan of Pakistan’s Sindh province. 12 focus group discussions were conducted to probe immunization perceptions and experience: 6 with female caregivers of children Results Caregivers were either indifferent to vaccination or had an unmet need to know more, with few reporting outright refusals to vaccinate. Caregiver beliefs were characterized by a lack of awareness and a confusion of RI with Polio and a fear of side effects. Religious beliefs were not major considerations. Second, Health systems issues of hurried and infrequent vaccination encounters, driven by LHWs’ poor capability to handle the vaccine counter-narrative, interrupted vaccine delivery to villages. These challenges were exacerbated by interruptions due to the Polio campaigns. Third, time and public transport constrained access to the Extended Program on Immunization centers. However, female caregivers usually took decisions on vaccination without recourse to male household members, with child’s Health viewed to be the main concern. Conclusions An ineffective vaccination narrative, low LHW capability and prioritization of RI, intermittent outreach vaccination encounters, and overshadowing of RI activities by Polio campaigns limit the uptake of childhood RI services. We contend that critical attention is required for post-immunization messaging, client-centric services, positive immunization experiences and the availability of vaccination encounters.
Durenaz Jamal - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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low vaccination in rural sindh pakistan a case of refusal ignorance or access
Vaccine, 2020Co-Authors: Durenaz Jamal, Shehla Zaidi, Sara Husain, David W Orr, Atif Riaz, Asif A Farrukhi, Rabia NajmiAbstract:Abstract Introduction Pakistan is suffering from low routine childhood immunization (RI) coverage, meriting a systematic examination of community acceptance and barriers towards vaccination with a view to inform responsive strategies. We examine community perspectives on RI for children 0–23 months of age, unveiling community beliefs, Health systems barriers and willingness to actively seek immunization services. Methods A qualitative study was conducted in the rural under-resourced district of Tando Muhammad Khan of Pakistan’s Sindh province. 12 focus group discussions were conducted to probe immunization perceptions and experience: 6 with female caregivers of children Results Caregivers were either indifferent to vaccination or had an unmet need to know more, with few reporting outright refusals to vaccinate. Caregiver beliefs were characterized by a lack of awareness and a confusion of RI with Polio and a fear of side effects. Religious beliefs were not major considerations. Second, Health systems issues of hurried and infrequent vaccination encounters, driven by LHWs’ poor capability to handle the vaccine counter-narrative, interrupted vaccine delivery to villages. These challenges were exacerbated by interruptions due to the Polio campaigns. Third, time and public transport constrained access to the Extended Program on Immunization centers. However, female caregivers usually took decisions on vaccination without recourse to male household members, with child’s Health viewed to be the main concern. Conclusions An ineffective vaccination narrative, low LHW capability and prioritization of RI, intermittent outreach vaccination encounters, and overshadowing of RI activities by Polio campaigns limit the uptake of childhood RI services. We contend that critical attention is required for post-immunization messaging, client-centric services, positive immunization experiences and the availability of vaccination encounters.
Caroline Herr - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Association of sociodemographic and environmental factors with the mental Health status among preschool children-Results from a cross-sectional study in Bavaria, Germany.
International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 2016Co-Authors: Angelika Zach, Nicole Meyer, Lana Hendrowarsito, Stefanie Kolb, Gabriele Bolte, Uta Nennstiel-ratzel, Nikolaos I Stilianakis, Caroline HerrAbstract:It has been reported that a great proportion of mental Health disorders have an origin in early childhood. In order to evaluate factors possibly associated with children's Health, the Health monitoring units have been established since 2004 in six study regions in Bavaria, Germany. The Second Health monitoring survey, implemented in 2005-06, focuses on the mental Health status of preschool children. The goal of this study is (1) to examine the association of sociodemographic and environmental factors with mental Health and (2) to analyze the applicability of the results of the Health monitoring units to all preschool children in Bavaria by calculating weighting factors. Data on 6206 preschool children are available. Logistic regression analysis is applied to analyze possible associations with mental Health. A weighting method is applied to correct for deviances compared to the whole population of preschool children in Bavaria (N=132,783). 11% of preschool children show mental Health problems. Regarding different indicators of sociodemographic status, low household income [unadjusted OR 3.34, 95% CI: 2.23-4.98] shows the strongest association of mental Health problems. Non-accessibility of green space [unadjusted OR 2.74, 95% CI: 1.87-4.00] is also strongly associated with mental Health. The results of the unweighted and weighted analysis are similar. Our findings suggest that sociodemographic status and factors in the living environment show associations with mental Health of children. Based on the results of the unweighted and weighted analyses, the Second Health monitoring analysis shows little deviances compared to data of all Bavarian preschool children. Therefore, the results can be compared to all Bavarian preschool children. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
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Association of sociodemographic and environmental factors with the mental Health status among preschool children—Results from a cross-sectional study in Bavaria, Germany
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 2016Co-Authors: Angelika Zach, Nicole Meyer, Lana Hendrowarsito, Stefanie Kolb, Gabriele Bolte, Uta Nennstiel-ratzel, Nikolaos I Stilianakis, Caroline HerrAbstract:Abstract Aim It has been reported that a great proportion of mental Health disorders have an origin in early childhood. In order to evaluate factors possibly associated with children’s Health, the Health monitoring units have been established since 2004 in six study regions in Bavaria, Germany. The Second Health monitoring survey, implemented in 2005–06, focuses on the mental Health status of preschool children. The goal of this study is (1) to examine the association of sociodemographic and environmental factors with mental Health and (2) to analyze the applicability of the results of the Health monitoring units to all preschool children in Bavaria by calculating weighting factors. Methods Data on 6206 preschool children are available. Logistic regression analysis is applied to analyze possible associations with mental Health. A weighting method is applied to correct for deviances compared to the whole population of preschool children in Bavaria (N = 132,783). Results 11% of preschool children show mental Health problems. Regarding different indicators of sociodemographic status, low household income [unadjusted OR 3.34, 95% CI: 2.23–4.98] shows the strongest association of mental Health problems. Non-accessibility of green space [unadjusted OR 2.74, 95% CI: 1.87–4.00] is also strongly associated with mental Health. The results of the unweighted and weighted analysis are similar. Conclusion Our findings suggest that sociodemographic status and factors in the living environment show associations with mental Health of children. Based on the results of the unweighted and weighted analyses, the Second Health monitoring analysis shows little deviances compared to data of all Bavarian preschool children. Therefore, the results can be compared to all Bavarian preschool children.
Kay-tee Khaw - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The association of cycling with all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer mortality: findings from the population-based EPIC-Norfolk cohort
BMJ open, 2013Co-Authors: Shannon Sahlqvist, Robert Luben, Kay-tee Khaw, Anna Goodman, Rebecca K. Simmons, Nick Cavill, Charlie Foster, Nicholas J. Wareham, David OgilvieAbstract:Objectives: To investigate associations between modest levels of total and domain-specific (commuting, other utility, recreational) cycling and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Design: Population-based cohort study (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study-Norfolk). Setting: Participants were recruited from general practices in the east of England and attended Health examinations between 1993 and 1997 and again between 1998 and 2000. At the first Health assessment, participants reported their average weekly duration of cycling for all purposes using a simple measure of physical activity. At the Second Health assessment, participants reported a more detailed breakdown of their weekly cycling behaviour using the EPAQ2 physical activity questionnaire. Participants: Adults aged 40–79 years at the first Health assessment. Primary outcome measure: All participants were followed for mortality (all-cause, cardiovascular and cancer) until March 2011. Results: There were 22 450 participants with complete data at the first Health assessment, of whom 4398 died during follow-up; and 13 346 participants with complete data at the Second Health assessment, of whom 1670 died during follow-up. Preliminary analyses using exposure data from the first Health assessment showed that cycling for at least 60 min/week in total was associated with a 9% reduced risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84 to 0.99). Using the more precise measures of cycling available from the Second Health assessment, all types of cycling were associated with greater total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity; however, there was little evidence of an association between overall or domain-specific cycling and mortality. Conclusions: Cycling, in particular for utility purposes, was associated with greater moderate-to-vigorous and total physical activity. While this study provides tentative evidence that modest levels of cycling may reduce the risk of mortality, further research is required to confirm how much cycling is sufficient to induce Health benefits.
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Association of depression with peripheral leukocyte counts in EPIC-Norfolk—role of sex and cigarette smoking
Journal of psychosomatic research, 2003Co-Authors: Paul G. Surtees, Nicholas W.j. Wainwright, Nicholas E. Day, Robert Luben, Carol Brayne, Kay-tee KhawAbstract:Abstract Objective: To investigate the associations among depression, smoking behaviour and enumerative measures of immunity in a population-based cohort study. Methods: Participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk, England, aged 40–80 years, were identified through age–sex general practice registers. After exclusions for prevalent conditions, white blood cell (WBC) counts and a measure of depressive episode history were available from 11,367 participants and, after a mean interval of 44 months, from 11,857 at a Second Health check. The measure of depression was completed between Health checks. Results: Observed associations between leukocyte counts and depression for men were weakened following adjustment for cigarette smoking. There was an incremental elevation in age–smoking adjusted mean WBC count by recency of depression such that there was a 3.1% ( P =.03) and 5.6% ( P =.0004) difference across depression history subgroups (never, lifetime, current) at the first and Second Health checks, respectively. No age–smoking adjusted associations were observed for women. Conclusion: Following adjustment for age and cigarette smoking, these data provide evidence for an association between major depressive disorder and leukocyte counts for men, but not for women.
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Inflammatory dispositions: a population-based study of the association between hostility and peripheral leukocyte counts
Personality and Individual Differences, 2003Co-Authors: Paul G. Surtees, Nicholas W.j. Wainwright, Robert Luben, Carol Brayne, Kay-tee Khaw, Nicholas E. DayAbstract:Abstract This study tests the hypothesis that high hostility is associated with increased peripheral blood leukocyte count. Hostility and peripheral blood leukocyte count have been independently associated with cardiovascular and all cause mortality but their association has not been reported in a population-based sample. Participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk (EPIC-Norfolk), aged 40–80 years, were identified through age–sex general practice registers. White blood cell counts and a measure of hostility were available from 11,367 participants and, after a mean interval of 44 months, from 11,857 at a Second Health check. The measure of hostility was completed between Health checks. Age-adjusted associations were found between hostility and lymphocyte counts assessed at both Health checks. Sex differences in these associations were not observed. There was an incremental elevation in mean lymphocyte cell counts with increasing hostility such that there was a 4.6% difference between top and bottom quintiles of hostility at the first (P
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adverse experience in childhood as a developmental risk factor for altered immune status in adulthood
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 2003Co-Authors: Paul G. Surtees, Nicholas W.j. Wainwright, Robert Luben, Carol Brayne, Nicholas P J Day, Kay-tee KhawAbstract:Compelling evidence is now available that adverse childhood experiences are associated with adult pathology. However, understanding of the pathways and mechanisms underlying these associations is limited. Participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition in Norfolk, UK (EPIC-Norfolk), aged 40 to 80 years, provided an opportunity to investigate the hypothesis that adverse experience in childhood is associated with peripheral leukocyte count in adulthood in the context of a large-scale population-based cohort study. White blood cell counts were available from 11,367 participants and, after a mean interval of 44 months, from 11,857 at a Second Health check. A self-completion questionnaire that included the assessment of adverse experience during childhood was administered during the interval between Health checks. Associations were observed between early adverse experiences and lymphocyte counts at both Health checks. Lifestyle factors accounted for about half of this association. Caution is needed in the interpretation of these findings that require replication but they may be seen to aid understanding of the mechanisms through which early environmental exposures act.
Asif A Farrukhi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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low vaccination in rural sindh pakistan a case of refusal ignorance or access
Vaccine, 2020Co-Authors: Durenaz Jamal, Shehla Zaidi, Sara Husain, David W Orr, Atif Riaz, Asif A Farrukhi, Rabia NajmiAbstract:Abstract Introduction Pakistan is suffering from low routine childhood immunization (RI) coverage, meriting a systematic examination of community acceptance and barriers towards vaccination with a view to inform responsive strategies. We examine community perspectives on RI for children 0–23 months of age, unveiling community beliefs, Health systems barriers and willingness to actively seek immunization services. Methods A qualitative study was conducted in the rural under-resourced district of Tando Muhammad Khan of Pakistan’s Sindh province. 12 focus group discussions were conducted to probe immunization perceptions and experience: 6 with female caregivers of children Results Caregivers were either indifferent to vaccination or had an unmet need to know more, with few reporting outright refusals to vaccinate. Caregiver beliefs were characterized by a lack of awareness and a confusion of RI with Polio and a fear of side effects. Religious beliefs were not major considerations. Second, Health systems issues of hurried and infrequent vaccination encounters, driven by LHWs’ poor capability to handle the vaccine counter-narrative, interrupted vaccine delivery to villages. These challenges were exacerbated by interruptions due to the Polio campaigns. Third, time and public transport constrained access to the Extended Program on Immunization centers. However, female caregivers usually took decisions on vaccination without recourse to male household members, with child’s Health viewed to be the main concern. Conclusions An ineffective vaccination narrative, low LHW capability and prioritization of RI, intermittent outreach vaccination encounters, and overshadowing of RI activities by Polio campaigns limit the uptake of childhood RI services. We contend that critical attention is required for post-immunization messaging, client-centric services, positive immunization experiences and the availability of vaccination encounters.