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Mark Button - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The “New” Private Security Industry, the Private Policing of Cyberspace and the Regulatory Questions:
    Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 2019
    Co-Authors: Mark Button
    Abstract:

    This article explores the growth of the “new” private Security Industry and private policing arrangements, policing cyberspace. It argues there has been a significant change in policing which is eq...

  • The ‘three-pillars model of regulation’: a fusion of governance models for private Security
    Security Journal, 2019
    Co-Authors: Peter Stiernstedt, Mark Button, Timothy James Prenzler, Rick Sarre
    Abstract:

    The growth in size, role and authority of private Security has triggered a variety of regulatory reactions. These have stimulated a growing academic debate on preferred regulatory models. This paper summarizes the key existing models of regulation. It then provides a critique of the observations of Loader and White (Regul Gov 11(2):166–184, 2017 ) on the existing models. It critically examines their proposed model and outlines how we believe that private Security regulation can be enhanced by setting out ‘three-pillars’ of effective regulation. The literature and research points towards the need for a regulatory pillar that enhances the wider private Security sector, a distributive pillar that addresses Security inequality and lastly a responsibility pillar designed to align the private Security Industry with the public interest.

  • The evolution of Security Industry regulation in the European Union
    International journal of comparative and applied criminal justice, 2016
    Co-Authors: Mark Button, Peter Stiernstedt
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACTThe European private Security sector has grown from a handful of small companies at the end of the Second World War into a multibillion Euro Industry with thousands of firms and millions of Security staff. In Europe, the demands for Security is not just expressed notionally but also officially in The European Agenda on Security stating the European Union (EU) aims to ensure that people live in an area of freedom, Security, and justice. This article will begin by exploring the role of private Security in society. It will then move on to consider the main phases in the development of private Security regulation in Europe. Following on from this, some of the main areas of policy development will be considered, such as European bodies, initiatives, and standards. Finally, the article will explore some of the potential options for the future in better regulating the European private Security sector. From a historical perspective, the evolution of private Security regulation can be divided into three ph...

  • Security officers and policing powers culture and control in the governance of private space
    2013
    Co-Authors: Mark Button
    Abstract:

    This volume examines how and to what extent Security officers make use of legal tools. The work identifies these tools and draws on two case-study sites to illustrate how Security officers make use of them as well as how they fit in broader Security systems to secure compliance. The study also examines the occupational culture of Security officers and links them into the broader systems of Security that operate to police nodes of governance. The book provides insights for researchers and policy-makers seeking to develop policy for the expanding private Security Industry.

  • The Private Security Industry Act 2001 and the Security management gap in the United Kingdom
    Security Journal, 2011
    Co-Authors: Mark Button
    Abstract:

    The passing of the Private Security Industry Act 2001 introduced regulation to much of the private Security Industry in England and Wales. This legislation has, however, only provided partial regulation, with several areas of the private Security Industry subject to no or limited control. This article examines the gaps in the regulation of those who manage Security departments and companies. It illustrates some of the weaknesses in not fully regulating the management of Security and how this gap may have implications for the ultimate success of the legislation in transforming this sector, particularly in failing to change the culture of the Security Industry. The article concludes with a model for regulating Security managers, which could be used to enhance the UK regulatory system, but which could also be utilised in other jurisdictions where there is no or minimal regulation of Security managers.

Nirmala Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Internet of Things (IoT): Security challenges, business opportunities & reference architecture for E-commerce
    Green Computing and Internet of Things (ICGCIoT), 2015 International Conference on, 2015
    Co-Authors: Sachchidanand Singh, Nirmala Singh
    Abstract:

    The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a diverse technology and usage with unprecedented business opportunities and risks. The Internet of Things is changing the dynamics of Security Industry & reshaping it. It allows data to be transferred seamlessly among physical devices to the Internet. The growth of number of intelligent devices will create a network rich with information that allows supply chains to assemble and communicate in new ways. The technology research firm Gartner predicts that there will be 26 billion installed units on the Internet of Things (IoT) by 2020[1]. This paper explains the concept of Internet of Things (IoT), its characteristics, explain Security challenges, technology adoption trends & suggests a reference architecture for E-commerce enterprise.

  • Internet of Things (IoT): Security challenges, business opportunities and reference architecture for E-commerce
    2015 Intenational Conference on Green Computing and Internet of Things (ICGCIoT). IEEE., 2015
    Co-Authors: Sachchidanand Singh, Nirmala Singh
    Abstract:

    The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a diverse technology and usage with unprecedented business opportunities and risks. The Internet of Things is changing the dynamics of Security Industry & reshaping it. It allows data to be transferred seamlessly among physical devices to the Internet. The growth of number of intelligent devices will create a network rich with information that allows supply chains to assemble and communicate in new ways. The technology research firm Gartner predicts that there will be 26 billion installed units on the Internet of Things (IoT) by 2020[1]. This paper explains the concept of Internet of Things (IoT), its characteristics, explain Security challenges, technology adoption trends & suggests a reference architecture for E-commerce enterprise.

P.j. Visser - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Notes on the funding of the regulation of the private Security Industry : aantekeninge
    2020
    Co-Authors: P.j. Visser
    Abstract:

    The purpose of this contribution is to describe and evaluate some of the legal provisions providing for the funding of the Private Security Industry Regulatory Authority (the authority). The authority is tasked with the regulation of the private Security Industry in terms of the Private Security Industry Regulation Act 56 of 2001 (the act). The authority is a semi-autonomous statutory body which is not part of any department of state. There is no express provision for funding it from the National Revenue Fund (as contemplated in s 11 of the Public Finance Management Act 1 of 1999). The authority has to ensure its own funding (s 16 of the act).

  • A note on aspects of the emergence of an independent regulator for the private Security Industry in South Africa : aantekeninge
    2020
    Co-Authors: P.j. Visser
    Abstract:

    The Private Security Industry Regulatory Authority ("the Authority") is the semi-autonomous, independent statutory body which currently undertakes the regulation of the private Security Industry in South Africa in terms of the Private Security Industry Regulation Act 56 of 2001. This situation is the result of a period of legislative initiatives and reform spanning more than 20 years (see generally Grant "Private policing" 1989 Acta Juridica 92-117; Geldenhuys Sekuriteitsreg (1992) 181 et seq; Irish "Policing for profit: the future of South Africa's private Security Industry" in ISS Monograph Series (1999) 36-40; Berg "The private Security Industry in South Africa: a review of applicable legislation" 2003 SACR 178-196; Siebrits Regulation of the Private Security Industry (2001 dissertation SA) 69 et seq; Visser "Some thoughts on the reform of the law in terms of which the private Security Industry in South Africa is regulated" 2000 Obiter 307-324; "Proposed changes regarding the nature and composition of the regulator of the private Security Industry" 2001 De Jure 358-363; "Legal changes in the regulation of the private Security Industry" 2004 Strategic Review for Southern Africa 1-22).

  • Certain duties of employers in the private Security Industry toward Security officers in their employ : aantekeninge
    2020
    Co-Authors: P.j. Visser
    Abstract:

    The basic objects of regulating the private Security Industry are to protect the national and the public interest by ensuring a legitimate private Security Industry (s 3 of the Private Security Industry Regulation Act 56 of 2001). One of the further objects relevant for the purposes of this note, is the promotion, maintenance and protection of the status and interests of the occupation of Security service provider (s 3(h) of the act). The concept "Security service provider" includes "Security officer" (s 1(1) of the act).

  • Legal Changes in the Regulation of the Private Security Industry in South Africa
    The Strategic Review for Southern Africa, 2004
    Co-Authors: P.j. Visser
    Abstract:

    ABSTRACT This article examines certain legal changes affecting the manner in which the state regulates the vast private Security Industry in South Africa. Certain important changes were introduced in 2002 and have brought South Africa in line with some foreign jurisdictions (such as Spain, France, Brazil and Argentina) where there are strict laws regarding the regulation of private Security. It is evident that the new regulatory model has considerably improved regulation of the Security Industry to promote and protect the national and the public interest. However, regulatory resources remain an obstacle to achieve all the objectives of regulation, there is opposition to regulation, and it is still too early to come to definitive conclusions as to the full impact of the new regulatory model. 1. INTRODUCTION South Africa has one of the largest private Security industries in the world. Currently it consists of approximately 260 000 active registered Security officers and more than 4 100 Security businesses. It goes without saying that this Industry, which is estimated to be worth R14 000 million per year, plays a vital role in ensuring safety and Security through the delivery of a wide range of Security services and products. The private Security Industry outnumbers the South African Police Service (SAPS) and the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) in terms of human resources. It also wields considerable de facto power. These facts do not only highlight the strategic and economic roles of private Security but also provide a basic reason why it should be subject to proper regulation: it is obviously of importance to ensure that the Industry does not pose a threat to the public or the national interest and that it acts in terms of certain minimum professional standards. The tendency internationally is for the private Security Industry to grow and for more sophisticated regulatory models to be devised to deal with this phenomenon. (1) The general norm in constitutional and democratic states is to allow the Security Industry to function and expand, but to subject it to proper state regulation. (2) There is as yet no general theory on the long-term goals of the private Security Industry and the role that it should be allowed to play in relation to public policing. The general practice is for the Security Industry to undertake more and more functions regarding safety and Security that are traditionally within the jurisdiction of the state. Crime levels, as well as perceptions and fear of crime, have fuelled the exponential growth of the private Security Industry in South Africa. The Industry has generally grown at a rate of almost 12 per cent per annum in terms of human resources. Regulation of the Security Industry in South Africa commenced in 1990 with the establishment of the Security Officers' Board in terms of the Security Officers Act, 1987 (Act No 92 of 1987). This legislation provided for a limited definition of the concept 'Security service' in that, for example, the following were not included in the scope of regulation: in-house or internal Security services; the provision of Security training; the making of Security services available to third parties other than consumers; the installation of Security equipment; and the occupational activities of locksmiths and private investigators. It is important to note that representatives of the Security Industry were appointed by the Minister of Safety and Security to serve on the governing board of the Security Officers' Board and could thus influence the shape and manner in which regulation was undertaken. However, during 1995 the South African government (hereinafter referred to as 'the Government') took some initiatives to reform the way in which the Security Industry was to be regulated in future. It was felt, for example, that the scope of regulation was not wide enough, that too many Security services fell outside the ambit of regulation, and that the depth of regulation was insufficient since the regulatory body did not have enough statutory powers to exercise proper control over all relevant aspects. …

Sachchidanand Singh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Internet of Things (IoT): Security challenges, business opportunities & reference architecture for E-commerce
    Green Computing and Internet of Things (ICGCIoT), 2015 International Conference on, 2015
    Co-Authors: Sachchidanand Singh, Nirmala Singh
    Abstract:

    The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a diverse technology and usage with unprecedented business opportunities and risks. The Internet of Things is changing the dynamics of Security Industry & reshaping it. It allows data to be transferred seamlessly among physical devices to the Internet. The growth of number of intelligent devices will create a network rich with information that allows supply chains to assemble and communicate in new ways. The technology research firm Gartner predicts that there will be 26 billion installed units on the Internet of Things (IoT) by 2020[1]. This paper explains the concept of Internet of Things (IoT), its characteristics, explain Security challenges, technology adoption trends & suggests a reference architecture for E-commerce enterprise.

  • Internet of Things (IoT): Security challenges, business opportunities and reference architecture for E-commerce
    2015 Intenational Conference on Green Computing and Internet of Things (ICGCIoT). IEEE., 2015
    Co-Authors: Sachchidanand Singh, Nirmala Singh
    Abstract:

    The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a diverse technology and usage with unprecedented business opportunities and risks. The Internet of Things is changing the dynamics of Security Industry & reshaping it. It allows data to be transferred seamlessly among physical devices to the Internet. The growth of number of intelligent devices will create a network rich with information that allows supply chains to assemble and communicate in new ways. The technology research firm Gartner predicts that there will be 26 billion installed units on the Internet of Things (IoT) by 2020[1]. This paper explains the concept of Internet of Things (IoT), its characteristics, explain Security challenges, technology adoption trends & suggests a reference architecture for E-commerce enterprise.

Timothy James Prenzler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The Security Industry and crime prevention
    2020
    Co-Authors: Timothy James Prenzler, Rick Sarre
    Abstract:

    The first part of this chapter briefly examines the functions, history and contemporary dimensions of the Security Industry internationally and in Australia. It appears that the number of Security operatives now outnumbers police in many locations. Certainly, Security technology can be said to be pervasive in people's everyday lives. The growth of the Industry has brought with it a set of issues around equity, amenity and misconduct; and these challenges are examined in this chapter along with a 'smart regulation' model to minimise problems. The chapter also examines how the Industry prevents crime and contributes to justice by the exercise of legal authority and the application of specific situational techniques, including target hardening and formal surveillance. The chapter concludes with a brief review of evidence regarding the role of the Industry in the current downward trend in international crime rates.

  • The ‘three-pillars model of regulation’: a fusion of governance models for private Security
    Security Journal, 2019
    Co-Authors: Peter Stiernstedt, Mark Button, Timothy James Prenzler, Rick Sarre
    Abstract:

    The growth in size, role and authority of private Security has triggered a variety of regulatory reactions. These have stimulated a growing academic debate on preferred regulatory models. This paper summarizes the key existing models of regulation. It then provides a critique of the observations of Loader and White (Regul Gov 11(2):166–184, 2017 ) on the existing models. It critically examines their proposed model and outlines how we believe that private Security regulation can be enhanced by setting out ‘three-pillars’ of effective regulation. The literature and research points towards the need for a regulatory pillar that enhances the wider private Security sector, a distributive pillar that addresses Security inequality and lastly a responsibility pillar designed to align the private Security Industry with the public interest.

  • The Evolution of Security Industry Regulation in Australia: A Critique
    International Journal for Crime Justice and Social Democracy, 2012
    Co-Authors: Timothy James Prenzler, Rick Sarre
    Abstract:

    This paper charts the main changes in Security Industry regulation in Australia from the 1980s to the present time, and provides a critique of the regulatory framework and the change process. Change has largely been driven by recurring conduct scandals, with governments obliged to introduce increasingly more stringent integrity checks and competency standards in an attempt to diminish widespread concerns about the Industry. Despite the lack of strategic planning, a significant learning process is evident and a clear model of best practice has emerged. Recent inquiries show that Australia still does not have an optimal system for managing the Industry but change has been in the right direction, with scope for fine‐tuning to ensure more responsive and effective regulation.

  • Recent inquiries into the private Security Industry in Australia: Implications for regulation
    Security Journal, 2012
    Co-Authors: Timothy James Prenzler, Alastair Milroy
    Abstract:

    The private Security Industry has come under increasing scrutiny in line with growth in the number of Security providers and increasing dependence on private providers for crime prevention, including at critical infrastructure sites. Inquiries and research have shown the Industry is vulnerable to misconduct and many jurisdictions have enlarged licensing requirements to guard against abuses. This article reports on recent inquiries into the Industry in Australia, conducted by the Australian Crime Commission, the New South Wales Independent Commission against Corruption and the Fair Work Ombudsman. Using a variety of novel investigative techniques, the inquiries revealed a diverse range of problems, including criminal activity and infiltration by organised crime, corruption in Security guard training and the exploitation of Security staff through under-award payments. The extent of the misconduct obliges an upwards revision of the risk profile for the Industry and demonstrates the importance of a more proactive and complex approach to regulation.

  • Developments in the Australian Private Security Industry
    2008
    Co-Authors: Timothy James Prenzler, Rick Sarre, Karen Earle
    Abstract:

    Police necessarily retain the major role in enforcing the law after crimes have been committed and offenders have been apprehended. However, given that public sector policing draws heavily on equipment and personnel services supplied by private providers, and that public police officers have many offenders handed over to them by the private sector, private Security could be considered 'the primary protective resource' (Pastor 2003, p. 44). Despite this, there is very little information publicly available on the range, size and scope of Security industries in Australia and there is no comprehensive study of the growth of these industries, the functions of their different components, how they relate to each other and the effectiveness of different regulatory strategies. This paper reports on current aspects of the Security Industry in Australia as part of a wider study of these issues more generally.