The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Odile Juliette Lim Tung - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Organic Food Certification in South Africa: A Private Sector Mechanism in Need of State Regulation?
Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal, 2016Co-Authors: Odile Juliette Lim TungAbstract:Organic production targets the development of a sustainable cultivation system and a variety of high-quality products with emphasis on environmental protection, biodiversity and high standards of animal protection. In South Africa, the organic sector pioneered private practices and systems in small informal groups to guide the public and private sectors on environmental and sustainability issues. A private certification system for organic products is applicable in the country consisting of network certification and third-party certification in collaboration with foreign and locally-based certification organisations. Local producers also use self-declaratory vendor claims associated with organic labels. A State auditor mechanism is nonetheless applicable with respect to the use of the term “free range” on labels for meat products. South African National Standards (SANS 1369) on Organic Agricultural Production and Processing (OAPP) have been drafted by the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) but the final version has not yet been made public. There is presently no specific legislation on organic products in the country but draft Regulations (under the Agricultural Product Standards Act) on the control and sale of organic products which have not yet been promulgated. With mainly a private organic food certification system, to what extent do South African organic food products respect rules of organic production? This paper looks into the organic food Regulation in South Africa and examines how far this private sector mechanism for organic food certification is in need of State Regulation.
-
organic food certification in south africa a private sector mechanism in need of State Regulation
Social Science Research Network, 2016Co-Authors: Odile Juliette Lim TungAbstract:Organic production targets the development of a sustainable cultivation system and a variety of high-quality products with an emphasis on environmental protection and high standards of animal protection. In South Africa the organic sector pioneered private practices and systems in small informal groups to guide the public and private sectors on environmental and sustainability issues. A private certification system for organic products is applicable in the country, consisting of network certification and third-party certification in collaboration with foreign and locally-based certification organisations. Local producers also use self-declaratory vendor claims associated with organic labels. A State auditor mechanism is nonetheless applicable with respect to the use of the term "free range" on labels for meat products. South African National Standards (SANS 1369) on Organic Agricultural Production and Processing (OAPP) have been drafted by the South African Bureau of Standards (SABS) but the final version has not yet been made public. There is currently no specific legislation on organic products in the country, while draft Regulations on the control and sale of organic products are yet to be promulgated. This paper looks into organic food Regulation in South Africa and examines how far this private sector mechanism for organic food certification is in need of State Regulation.
Hassan K Khalil - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
on the steady State error of a nonlinear regulator
International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, 2012Co-Authors: Hassan K KhalilAbstract:SUMMARY This paper proves a new property of the nonlinear regulators that proposed in two previous papers by the second author with co-workers. In both papers, the steady-State control is immersed into a linear internal model. In general, the model produces the sinusoidal signals generated by an exosystem, as well as a number of their harmonics, which are induced by the system's nonlinearities. When the internal model does not account for all harmonics or when the model's characteristic frequencies are not exactly those of the exosystem, there will be an error between the steady-State control needed to achieve zero steady-State Regulation error and the steady-State control produced by the internal model. If the norm of this error is bounded by a constant δ, it has been shown that the steady-State Regulation error will be of the order O(δ). In this paper, we prove a shaper result where the steady-State Regulation error is shown to be of the order O(μδ), where μ is a design parameter of a continuously implemented sliding mode controller. Therefore, the Regulation error can be reduced by decreasing μ. This result allows us to trade off the accuracy of the internal model versus the value of μ as means of reducing the Regulation error.Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
-
on the steady State error of a nonlinear regulator
Conference on Decision and Control, 2010Co-Authors: Hassan K KhalilAbstract:This paper proves a new property of the nonlinear regulators of [4] and [7]. In both papers the steady-State control is immersed into a linear internal model. In general, the model produces the sinusoidal signals generated by an exosystem, as well as a number of their harmonics, which are induced by the system's nonlinearities. When the internal model does not account for all harmonics, there will be an error between the steady-State control needed to achieve zero steady-State Regulation error and the steady-State control produced by the internal model. If the norm of this error is bounded by a constant δ, it is shown in [4] and [7] that the steady-State Regulation error will be of the order O(δ). In this paper we prove a shaper result where the steady-State Regulation error is shown to be of the order O(μδ), where μ is a design parameter of the continuously-implemented sliding mode controller of [4] and [7]. Therefore, the Regulation error can be reduced by decreasing μ. This result allows us to tradeoff the dimension of the internal model versus the value of μ as means of reducing the Regulation error.
Victor Sreeram - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
linear quadratic Regulation for discrete time antilinear systems an anti riccati matrix equation approach
Journal of The Franklin Institute-engineering and Applied Mathematics, 2016Co-Authors: Aiguo Wu, Yangyang Qian, Victor SreeramAbstract:Abstract In this paper, the linear quadratic Regulation problem is investigated for discrete-time antilinear systems. Two cases are considered: finite time State Regulation and infinite time State Regulation. First, the discrete minimum principle is generalized to the complex domain. By using the discrete minimum principle and dynamic programming, necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the unique optimal control are obtained for the finite time Regulation problem in terms of the so-called anti-Riccati matrix equation. Besides, the optimal value of the performance index under the optimal control is provided. Furthermore, the optimal Regulation problem on an infinite interval is investigated under the assumption that the considered time-invariant antilinear system is controllable. The resulted closed-loop system under the optimal control turns out to be asymptotically stable.
Pierre Cahuc - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
can policy interact with culture minimum wage and the quality of labor relations
National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008Co-Authors: Philippe Aghion, Yann Algan, Pierre CahucAbstract:Can public policy interfere with culture, such as beliefs and norms of cooperation? We investigate his question by evaluating the interactions between the State and the Civil Society, focusing on the labor market. International data shows a negative correlation between union density and the quality of labor relations on one hand, and State Regulation of the minimum wage on the other hand. To explain this relation, we develop a model of learning of the quality of labor relations. State Regulation crowds out the possibility for workers to experiment negotiation and learn about the true cooperative nature of participants in the labor market. This crowding out effect can give rise to multiple equilibria: a "good" equilibrium characterized by strong beliefs in cooperation, leading to high union density and low State Regulation; and a "bad" equilibrium, characterized by distrustful labor relations, low union density and strong State Regulation of the minimum wage. We then use surveys on social attitudes and unionization behavior to document the relation between minimum wage legislation and the beliefs about the scope of cooperation in the labor market.
-
can policy influence culture minimum wage and the quality of labor relations
2008 Meeting Papers, 2008Co-Authors: Philippe Aghion, Yann Algan, Pierre CahucAbstract:Can public policy affect culture, such as beliefs and norms of cooperation? We investigate this question by evaluating how State Regulation of minimum wage interacts with unionization behavior and social dialogue. International data shows a negative correlation between union density and the quality of labor relations on one hand, and State Regulation of the minimum wage on the other hand. To explain this relation, we develop a model of learning of the quality of labor relations. State Regulation crowds out the possibility for workers to experiment negotiation and learn about the true cooperative nature of participants in the labor market. This crowding out effect can give rise to multiple equilibria: a “good” equilibrium characterized by strong beliefs in cooperation, leading to high union density and low State Regulation; and a “bad” equilibrium, characterized by distrustful labor relations, low union density and strong State Regulation of the minimum wage. We then use surveys on social attitudes and unionization behavior to document that minimum wage legislation and union density do affect beliefs about the scope of cooperation in the labor market.
John Pickles - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
State Regulation economic reform and worker rights the contingent effects of china s labour contract law
Journal of Contemporary Asia, 2015Co-Authors: John PicklesAbstract:AbstractIn 2007/2008 the Labour Contract Law was introduced and enacted in China. Responses to the law have varied enormously. For many, it represented a major change in the conditions under which workers and employers can enter into contracts and, as a result, it has been seen as an important step in empowering workers to shape their conditions of work. For others, the law lacked teeth and was not implemented. In practice, the law has had different effects within and among different types of firms depending on their ownership structure, product mix, market orientation, size and geographical location. The differences are particularly clear among private sector firms and between and among private and public sector enterprises. This article outlines the conditions and terms of the 1995 Labour Law and how the 2008 Labour Contract Law changes these, particularly for global buyers sourcing from China and for workers and enterprises in China. In particular, it assesses the differential impacts of the new law on...
-
china s new labour contract law State Regulation and worker rights in global production networks
2011Co-Authors: John PicklesAbstract:Abstract In 2007/2008, the new Labour Contract Law was enacted in China. This law has substantially changed the conditions under which workers and employers can enter into contracts and has had important effects on the ability of workers to shape their conditions of work. This paper outlines the conditions and terms of the 1995 Labour Law and how the new law changes these. It details the legal requirements of the new law and then assesses the consequences of these changes for global buyers sourcing from China and for workers and enterprises in China. In particular, it assesses the differential impacts of the new law on permanent and temporary workers in State-owned and private enterprises, and between private- and public-sector employees.
