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John H. Himmelman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Swimming away or clamming up: the use of phasic and tonic adductor muscles during escape responses varies with shell morphology in scallops
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2012Co-Authors: Isabelle Tremblay, Helga Guderley, John H. HimmelmanAbstract:SUMMARY The simple locomotor system of scallops facilitates the study of muscle use during locomotion. We compared five Species of scallops with different shell morphologies to see whether shell morphology and muscle use change in parallel or whether muscle use can compensate for morphological constraints. Force recordings during escape responses revealed that the use of tonic and phasic contractions varied markedly among Species. The active Species, Amusium balloti , Placopecten magellanicus and Pecten fumatus , made more phasic contractions than the more Sedentary Species, Mimachlamys asperrima and Crassadoma gigantea . Tonic contractions varied considerably among these Species, with the two more Sedentary Species often starting their response to the predator with a tonic contraction and the more active Species using shorter tonic contractions between series of phasic contractions. Placopecten magellanicus made extensive use of short tonic contractions. Pecten fumatus mounted an intense series of phasic contractions at the start of its response, perhaps to overcome the constraints of its unfavourable shell morphology. Valve closure by the more Sedentary Species suggests that their shell morphology protects them against predation, whereas swimming by the more active Species relies upon intense phasic contractions together with favourable shell characteristics.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Swimming away or clamming up: the use of phasic and tonic adductor muscles during escape responses varies with shell morphology in scallops
2012Co-Authors: Isabelle Tremblay, Helga Guderley, John H. HimmelmanAbstract:SUMMARY The simple locomotor system of scallops facilitates the study of muscle use during locomotion. We compared five Species of scallops with different shell morphologies to see whether shell morphology and muscle use change in parallel or whether muscle use can compensate for morphological constraints. Force recordings during escape responses revealed that the use of tonic and phasic contractions varied markedly among Species. The active Species, Amusium balloti, Placopecten magellanicus and Pecten fumatus, made more phasic contractions than the more Sedentary Species, Mimachlamys asperrima and Crassadoma gigantea. Tonic contractions varied considerably among these Species, with the two more Sedentary Species often starting their response to the predator with a tonic contraction and the more active Species using shorter tonic contractions between series of phasic contractions. Placopecten magellanicus made extensive use of short tonic contractions. Pecten fumatus mounted an intense series of phasic contractions at the start of its response, perhaps to overcome the constraints of its unfavourable shell morphology. Valve closure by the more Sedentary Species suggests that their shell morphology protects them against predation, whereas swimming by the more active Species relies upon intense phasic contractions together with favourable shell characteristics.
Isabelle Tremblay - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Swimming away or clamming up: the use of phasic and tonic adductor muscles during escape responses varies with shell morphology in scallops
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2012Co-Authors: Isabelle Tremblay, Helga Guderley, John H. HimmelmanAbstract:SUMMARY The simple locomotor system of scallops facilitates the study of muscle use during locomotion. We compared five Species of scallops with different shell morphologies to see whether shell morphology and muscle use change in parallel or whether muscle use can compensate for morphological constraints. Force recordings during escape responses revealed that the use of tonic and phasic contractions varied markedly among Species. The active Species, Amusium balloti , Placopecten magellanicus and Pecten fumatus , made more phasic contractions than the more Sedentary Species, Mimachlamys asperrima and Crassadoma gigantea . Tonic contractions varied considerably among these Species, with the two more Sedentary Species often starting their response to the predator with a tonic contraction and the more active Species using shorter tonic contractions between series of phasic contractions. Placopecten magellanicus made extensive use of short tonic contractions. Pecten fumatus mounted an intense series of phasic contractions at the start of its response, perhaps to overcome the constraints of its unfavourable shell morphology. Valve closure by the more Sedentary Species suggests that their shell morphology protects them against predation, whereas swimming by the more active Species relies upon intense phasic contractions together with favourable shell characteristics.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Swimming away or clamming up: the use of phasic and tonic adductor muscles during escape responses varies with shell morphology in scallops
2012Co-Authors: Isabelle Tremblay, Helga Guderley, John H. HimmelmanAbstract:SUMMARY The simple locomotor system of scallops facilitates the study of muscle use during locomotion. We compared five Species of scallops with different shell morphologies to see whether shell morphology and muscle use change in parallel or whether muscle use can compensate for morphological constraints. Force recordings during escape responses revealed that the use of tonic and phasic contractions varied markedly among Species. The active Species, Amusium balloti, Placopecten magellanicus and Pecten fumatus, made more phasic contractions than the more Sedentary Species, Mimachlamys asperrima and Crassadoma gigantea. Tonic contractions varied considerably among these Species, with the two more Sedentary Species often starting their response to the predator with a tonic contraction and the more active Species using shorter tonic contractions between series of phasic contractions. Placopecten magellanicus made extensive use of short tonic contractions. Pecten fumatus mounted an intense series of phasic contractions at the start of its response, perhaps to overcome the constraints of its unfavourable shell morphology. Valve closure by the more Sedentary Species suggests that their shell morphology protects them against predation, whereas swimming by the more active Species relies upon intense phasic contractions together with favourable shell characteristics.
Helga Guderley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Swimming away or clamming up: the use of phasic and tonic adductor muscles during escape responses varies with shell morphology in scallops
Journal of Experimental Biology, 2012Co-Authors: Isabelle Tremblay, Helga Guderley, John H. HimmelmanAbstract:SUMMARY The simple locomotor system of scallops facilitates the study of muscle use during locomotion. We compared five Species of scallops with different shell morphologies to see whether shell morphology and muscle use change in parallel or whether muscle use can compensate for morphological constraints. Force recordings during escape responses revealed that the use of tonic and phasic contractions varied markedly among Species. The active Species, Amusium balloti , Placopecten magellanicus and Pecten fumatus , made more phasic contractions than the more Sedentary Species, Mimachlamys asperrima and Crassadoma gigantea . Tonic contractions varied considerably among these Species, with the two more Sedentary Species often starting their response to the predator with a tonic contraction and the more active Species using shorter tonic contractions between series of phasic contractions. Placopecten magellanicus made extensive use of short tonic contractions. Pecten fumatus mounted an intense series of phasic contractions at the start of its response, perhaps to overcome the constraints of its unfavourable shell morphology. Valve closure by the more Sedentary Species suggests that their shell morphology protects them against predation, whereas swimming by the more active Species relies upon intense phasic contractions together with favourable shell characteristics.
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RESEARCH ARTICLE Swimming away or clamming up: the use of phasic and tonic adductor muscles during escape responses varies with shell morphology in scallops
2012Co-Authors: Isabelle Tremblay, Helga Guderley, John H. HimmelmanAbstract:SUMMARY The simple locomotor system of scallops facilitates the study of muscle use during locomotion. We compared five Species of scallops with different shell morphologies to see whether shell morphology and muscle use change in parallel or whether muscle use can compensate for morphological constraints. Force recordings during escape responses revealed that the use of tonic and phasic contractions varied markedly among Species. The active Species, Amusium balloti, Placopecten magellanicus and Pecten fumatus, made more phasic contractions than the more Sedentary Species, Mimachlamys asperrima and Crassadoma gigantea. Tonic contractions varied considerably among these Species, with the two more Sedentary Species often starting their response to the predator with a tonic contraction and the more active Species using shorter tonic contractions between series of phasic contractions. Placopecten magellanicus made extensive use of short tonic contractions. Pecten fumatus mounted an intense series of phasic contractions at the start of its response, perhaps to overcome the constraints of its unfavourable shell morphology. Valve closure by the more Sedentary Species suggests that their shell morphology protects them against predation, whereas swimming by the more active Species relies upon intense phasic contractions together with favourable shell characteristics.
Joanna Mossop - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The relationship between the continental shelf regime and a new international instrument for protecting marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction
2020Co-Authors: Joanna MossopAbstract:© International Council for the Exploration of the Sea 2017. All rights reserved. States have acknowledged that the new internationally legally binding instrument (ILBI) for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction must take account of the interests of coastal states with continental shelves that extend beyond 200 nautical miles. This article argues that the ILBI should go beyond repeating the existing legal position as set out in international treaties and customary international law. In particular, the concept of Sedentary Species is unhelpful in the context of a legal regime governing the use of marine genetic resources. The article makes a number of suggestions for possible inclusions in the ILBI to clarify the relationship between the continental shelf regime and the regime for biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction.
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The Relationship between the Continental Shelf Regime and a New International Instrument for Protecting Marine Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
ICES Journal of Marine Science, 2017Co-Authors: Joanna MossopAbstract:This is the pre-acceptance version of a paper that has subsequently been published: (2018) 75 ICES Journal of Marine Science 444-450. The published version is available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx111. States have acknowledged that the new internationally legally binding instrument (ILBI) for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction must take account of the interests of coastal states in continental shelves that extend beyond 200 nautical miles. This article argues that the ILBI should go beyond repeating the existing legal position as set out in international treaties and customary international law. In particular, the concept of Sedentary Species is unhelpful in the context of a legal regime governing the use of marine genetic resources. The article makes a number of suggestions for possible inclusions in the ILBI to clarify the relationship between the continental shelf regime and the regime for biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction.
Trevor J C Beebee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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genetic substructuring as a result of barriers to gene flow in urban rana temporaria common frog populations implications for biodiversity conservation
Heredity, 1997Co-Authors: Susan P Hitchings, Trevor J C BeebeeAbstract:The ability to maintain small populations in quasi-natural settings is an issue of considerable importance in biodiversity conservation. The genetic structure of urban common frog (Rana temporaria) populations was determined by allozyme electrophoresis and used to evaluate the effects of restricted intersite migration. Despite the lack of any absolute barrier to movement between ponds, substantial genetic differentiation was found between sites separated by an average of only 2.3 km. Genetic distances between these town ponds correlated positively with geographical distances and were almost twice as great as those found between rural sites separated by an average of 41 km. Measures of genetic diversity and fitness were always lowest in the town, where the degree of subpopulation differentiation (F-ST = 0.388) was high. Population decline was not evident in the town, but molecular and fitness data indicated the presence of genetic drift and inbreeding depression. The long-term survival of artificially restricted populations, particularly of relatively Sedentary Species, may require molecular monitoring, if genetic diversity is not to be lost by chance when facets of the Species niche prove to be poorly understood.
