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Sefa Altikat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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peformances of various furrow openers covering components and forward speeds of no till Seeders for sowing of winter wheat
Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2013Co-Authors: Ahmet Celik, Sefa AltikatAbstract:ABSTRACT In the no-till method, seeds are placed in rows opened by furrow openers that can work under stubble field conditions, and are covered with soil and plant residue using covering components. Furrow openers and their properties are extremely effective in sowing seeds at certain depths and intra-row distances for various emergence and growth conditions. The performance of furrow openers depends on the sowing depth uniformity, the inter-row and intra-row seed distribution uniformity and the percentage of seed emergence. The purpose of this study is to determine effects of no-till Seeders with different furrow opener types, covering components and forward speeds on certain important physical properties of the soil, stubble and seed distribution, and seed emergence of winter wheat. Three different types of no-till Seeders; disc (NS-1), narrow hoe (NS-2), and chisel type furrow openers (NS-3), two different types of covering components; chain and spring type, and two forward speeds; FS-1 (2.7 km h -1 ) and FS-2 (5.4 km h -1 ) were used to achieve the purpose of this study. The no-till seeder with a disc type furrow opener achieved better stubble distribution on the soil surface, seed distribution, and percentage of seed emergence in comparison to no-till Seeders with narrow hoe and chisel type openers. The best coverage rate of stubble on the soil surface, seed distribution, and percentage of seed emergence were obtained at a forward speed of 2.7 km h -1 . While the spring type covering component increased the inter-row and intra-row seed distribution uniformity and percentage of seed emergence in comparison to the chain type covering component, it decreased the mean emergence time.
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effects of various no till Seeders and stubble conditions on sowing performance and seed emergence of common vetch
Soil & Tillage Research, 2013Co-Authors: Sefa Altikat, Ahmet Celik, Zinnur GozubuyukAbstract:Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the effects of no-till Seeders with different furrow openers, stubble heights and positions on soil bulk density, cone index, sowing performance and seed emergence of common vetch seed. Three different types of no-till Seeders (hoe, disc and wing hoe type openers) were used on two different stubble heights (short and long) and two different stubble positions (standing and flat). Obtained results concluded that the no-till Seeders with hoe-type furrow opener provided better sowing performance and seed emergence in comparison to the no-till Seeders with disc- and wing hoe-type furrow openers. The highest emergence percentage in the study was obtained using no-till seeder with hoe-type furrow openers (77.13%). The minimum dry bulk density (1.18 and 1.23 Mg m−3 in 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm soil layers, respectively) and penetration resistance (0.75 MPa and 0.81 MPa in 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm soil layers, respectively) values of soil were observed at the plot sowing using no-till seeder with wing hoe type furrow opener. In addition to these, the best results of sowing performance and seed emergence were observed at the plots with short and standing stubble conditions. The emergence percentage decreased with the increase in the stubble height (76.15% and 69.31% at 12 cm and 24 cm stubble heights, respectively).
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effects of different no till Seeders and tractor forward speeds on the soil physical properties and seed emergence of summer vetch and winter wheat
Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2012Co-Authors: Sefa Altikat, Ahmet CelikAbstract:The aim of this study is to determine the effects of different no-till Seeders, tractor forward speeds on some physical properties of soil and seed emergence of summer vetch and winter wheat. In the research, three different types of no-till Seeders with hoe (NS1), disc (NS2) and wing hoe (NS3) type openers were used on the four different tractor forward speeds ( 0.75 m s -1 , 1.25 m s -1 ,1.75 m s -1 and 2.25 m s -1 ). Moldboard plow, disk harrow and float were used at conventional tillage (CT). The aim of this study is to determine the effects of different no-till Seeders and tractor forward speeds on some of soil physical properties and seed emergence of summer vetch and winter wheat. In the research, three different types no-till Seeders with hoe (NS-1), single disc (NS-2) and winged hoe (NS-3) type openers were used with four different tractor forward speeds (0.75 m s-1, 1.25 m s-1,1.75 m s-1 and 2.25 m s-1). According to obtained results, the no-till Seeders with hoe type furrow opener (NS-1) provided better soil physical properties than the other two no-till Seeders. However, tractor forward speeds had no effect on physical properties of soil for both summer vetch and winter wheat. No-till Seeders had a significant effect on the mean emergence time (MET) and percentage of emergence (PE) while tractor forward speeds had no effect on these values in both summer vetch and winter wheat. The highest PE was observed at the plots sown with NS-1 seeder in both summer vetch and winter wheat.
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farkli tip gomucu ayak ve kapatma duzenine sahip dogrudan ekim makinalarinin farkli ilerleme hizlarinda kullanilmasinin toprak yuzey puruzlulugune etkisi effects of different furrow openers covering components and forward speeds in no till Seeders on
2011Co-Authors: Sefa AltikatAbstract:Even they have little effect on the soil, no-till Seeders cause considerable surface roughness. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of no-till Seeders having different types of furrow openers and covering components at different forward speeds on soil surface roughness. For this purpose, 3 different types of no-till seed- ers having disk, hoe and chisel type openers were tested with 2 different covering components (chain and spring type coverers) at 2 different tractor forward speeds (2.7 and 5.4 km h -1 ). Data obtained from the experiment showed that the no-till seeder having chisel type opener provided the most rough soil surface than the disk and hoe type Seeders. The best results in terms of soil surface roughness were ob- tained at 2.7 km h -1 tractor forward speed and spring type covering component comparison with 5.4 km h -1 and the
Ahmet Celik - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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peformances of various furrow openers covering components and forward speeds of no till Seeders for sowing of winter wheat
Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2013Co-Authors: Ahmet Celik, Sefa AltikatAbstract:ABSTRACT In the no-till method, seeds are placed in rows opened by furrow openers that can work under stubble field conditions, and are covered with soil and plant residue using covering components. Furrow openers and their properties are extremely effective in sowing seeds at certain depths and intra-row distances for various emergence and growth conditions. The performance of furrow openers depends on the sowing depth uniformity, the inter-row and intra-row seed distribution uniformity and the percentage of seed emergence. The purpose of this study is to determine effects of no-till Seeders with different furrow opener types, covering components and forward speeds on certain important physical properties of the soil, stubble and seed distribution, and seed emergence of winter wheat. Three different types of no-till Seeders; disc (NS-1), narrow hoe (NS-2), and chisel type furrow openers (NS-3), two different types of covering components; chain and spring type, and two forward speeds; FS-1 (2.7 km h -1 ) and FS-2 (5.4 km h -1 ) were used to achieve the purpose of this study. The no-till seeder with a disc type furrow opener achieved better stubble distribution on the soil surface, seed distribution, and percentage of seed emergence in comparison to no-till Seeders with narrow hoe and chisel type openers. The best coverage rate of stubble on the soil surface, seed distribution, and percentage of seed emergence were obtained at a forward speed of 2.7 km h -1 . While the spring type covering component increased the inter-row and intra-row seed distribution uniformity and percentage of seed emergence in comparison to the chain type covering component, it decreased the mean emergence time.
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effects of various no till Seeders and stubble conditions on sowing performance and seed emergence of common vetch
Soil & Tillage Research, 2013Co-Authors: Sefa Altikat, Ahmet Celik, Zinnur GozubuyukAbstract:Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the effects of no-till Seeders with different furrow openers, stubble heights and positions on soil bulk density, cone index, sowing performance and seed emergence of common vetch seed. Three different types of no-till Seeders (hoe, disc and wing hoe type openers) were used on two different stubble heights (short and long) and two different stubble positions (standing and flat). Obtained results concluded that the no-till Seeders with hoe-type furrow opener provided better sowing performance and seed emergence in comparison to the no-till Seeders with disc- and wing hoe-type furrow openers. The highest emergence percentage in the study was obtained using no-till seeder with hoe-type furrow openers (77.13%). The minimum dry bulk density (1.18 and 1.23 Mg m−3 in 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm soil layers, respectively) and penetration resistance (0.75 MPa and 0.81 MPa in 0–5 cm and 5–10 cm soil layers, respectively) values of soil were observed at the plot sowing using no-till seeder with wing hoe type furrow opener. In addition to these, the best results of sowing performance and seed emergence were observed at the plots with short and standing stubble conditions. The emergence percentage decreased with the increase in the stubble height (76.15% and 69.31% at 12 cm and 24 cm stubble heights, respectively).
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effects of different no till Seeders and tractor forward speeds on the soil physical properties and seed emergence of summer vetch and winter wheat
Tarim Bilimleri Dergisi-journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2012Co-Authors: Sefa Altikat, Ahmet CelikAbstract:The aim of this study is to determine the effects of different no-till Seeders, tractor forward speeds on some physical properties of soil and seed emergence of summer vetch and winter wheat. In the research, three different types of no-till Seeders with hoe (NS1), disc (NS2) and wing hoe (NS3) type openers were used on the four different tractor forward speeds ( 0.75 m s -1 , 1.25 m s -1 ,1.75 m s -1 and 2.25 m s -1 ). Moldboard plow, disk harrow and float were used at conventional tillage (CT). The aim of this study is to determine the effects of different no-till Seeders and tractor forward speeds on some of soil physical properties and seed emergence of summer vetch and winter wheat. In the research, three different types no-till Seeders with hoe (NS-1), single disc (NS-2) and winged hoe (NS-3) type openers were used with four different tractor forward speeds (0.75 m s-1, 1.25 m s-1,1.75 m s-1 and 2.25 m s-1). According to obtained results, the no-till Seeders with hoe type furrow opener (NS-1) provided better soil physical properties than the other two no-till Seeders. However, tractor forward speeds had no effect on physical properties of soil for both summer vetch and winter wheat. No-till Seeders had a significant effect on the mean emergence time (MET) and percentage of emergence (PE) while tractor forward speeds had no effect on these values in both summer vetch and winter wheat. The highest PE was observed at the plots sown with NS-1 seeder in both summer vetch and winter wheat.
Uwe Roesler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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impact of different management measures on the colonization of broiler chickens with esbl and pampc producing escherichia coli in an experimental seeder bird model
PLOS ONE, 2021Co-Authors: Caroline Robe, Roswitha Merle, Anika Friese, Sebastian Guenther, Katrin Daehre, Uwe RoeslerAbstract:The colonization of broilers with extended-spectrum β-lactamase- (ESBL-) and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase- (pAmpC-) producing Enterobacteriaceae has been extensively studied. However, only limited data on intervention strategies to reduce the colonization throughout the fattening period are available. To investigate practically relevant management measures for their potential to reduce colonization, a recently published seeder-bird colonization model was used. Groups of 90 broilers (breed Ross 308) were housed in pens under conventional conditions (stocking of 39 kg/m2, no enrichment, water and feed ad libitum). Tested measures were investigated in separate trials and included (I) an increased amount of litter in the pen, (II) the reduction of stocking density to 25 kg/m2, and (III) the use of an alternative broiler breed (Rowan x Ranger). One-fifth of ESBL- and pAmpC- negative broilers (n = 18) per group were orally co-inoculated with two E. coli strains on the third day of the trial (seeder). One CTX-M-15-positive E. coli strain (ST410) and one CMY-2 and mcr-1-positive E. coli strain (ST10) were simultaneously administered in a dosage of 102 cfu. Colonization of all Seeders and 28 non-inoculated broilers (sentinel) was assessed via cloacal swabs during the trials and a final necropsy at a target weight of two kilograms (= d 36 (control, I-II), d 47 (III)). None of the applied intervention measures reduced the colonization of the broilers with both the ESBL- and the pAmpC- producing E. coli strains. A strain-dependent reduction of colonization for the ESBL- producing E. coli strain of ST410 by 2 log units was apparent by the reduction of stocking density to 25 kg/m2. Consequently, the tested management measures had a negligible effect on the ESBL- and pAmpC- colonization of broilers. Therefore, intervention strategies should focus on the prevention of ESBL- and pAmpC- colonization, rather than an attempt to reduce an already existing colonization.
Fernando Ojeda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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underground starch storage in erica species of the cape floristic region differences between Seeders and resprouters
New Phytologist, 1999Co-Authors: Tina L. Bell, Fernando OjedaAbstract:Concentrations of starch in roots of seeder species of Erica from the Cape Floristic Region, South Africa were found to be considerably less than in resprouters. Shoot starch was highly variable but mean values were similar in both seeder and resprouter species of Erica. Three distinct patterns of starch storage in roots were recognized. All seeder species fell within definitions of Categories 1 (narrow major and minor parenchymatous rays, one to two cells wide with no inter-ray storage) or 2 (thick major rays up to seven cells wide and thin minor rays with small amounts of inter-ray storage) whereas resprouter species were consistently within Categories 2 or 3 (broad major and minor rays, up to eight cells wide and conspicuous inter-ray starch storage). Results are discussed in light of similar studies of the related Epacridaceae. ‘Mixed’ species (i.e. with seeder or resprouter individuals present, often in distinct populations) were always classified as belonging to Category 2. Studies of populations of three ‘mixed’ species confirmed that seeder forms had consistently lower amounts of root starch than resprouters. Rays of xylem parenchyma were the main sites for starch storage in roots of both Seeders and resprouters and greater proportions of cross-sectional area of roots were consistently devoted to such storage tissues in resprouter forms of the three ‘mixed’ species. Analyses of a number of seeder and resprouter Erica coccinea populations showed that differences in amounts of realised and potential root starch storage are best explained by the effect of regeneration behaviour rather than by among-population variability.
Maria Pieters - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comparison of the sensitivity of laryngeal swabs and deep tracheal catheters for detection of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in experimentally and naturally infected pigs early and late after infection
Veterinary Microbiology, 2020Co-Authors: Amanda Sponheim, Eduardo Fano, Julio Alvarez, Ethan Schmaling, Scott Dee, Dan Hanson, Thomas Wetzell, Maria PietersAbstract:Detection of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection in live pigs is a critical component to measure the success of disease control or elimination strategies. However, in vivo diagnosis of M. hyopneumoniae is difficult and the imperfect sensitivity of diagnostic tools has been deemed as one of the main challenges. Here, the sensitivity of laryngeal swabs and deep tracheal catheters for detection of M. hyopneumoniae early and late after infection was determined using inoculation status as a gold standard in experimentally infected pigs and a Bayesian approach in naturally infected pigs. Three-hundred and twenty 8-week old seeder pigs were intra-tracheally inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae strain 232 and immediately placed with 1920 contact pigs to achieve a 1:6 seeder-to-contact ratio. A subset of Seeders and contacts were longitudinally sampled at 7, 28, 97, and 113 days post-inoculation (dpi) and at 28, 56, 84, and 113 days post-exposure (dpe), respectively, using laryngeal swabs and deep tracheal catheters. Samples were tested for M. hyopneumoniae by a species-specific real-time PCR. The sensitivity of deep tracheal catheters was higher than the one obtained in laryngeal swabs at all samplings (Seeders: 36% higher than laryngeal swabs at 7 dpi, 29% higher at 97 dpi, and 44% higher at 113 dpi; contacts: 51% higher at 56 dpe, 42% higher at 84 dpe, and 32% higher at 113 dpe). Our study indicates that deep tracheal catheters were a more sensitive sample than laryngeal swabs. The sensitivity of both sample types varied over time and by exposure method, and these factors should be considered when designing diagnostic strategies.
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a model to investigate the optimal seeder to naive ratio for successful natural mycoplasma hyopneumoniae gilt exposure prior to entering the breeding herd
Veterinary Microbiology, 2016Co-Authors: Luiza R Roos, Eduardo Fano, Nitipong Homwong, Brian Payne, Maria PietersAbstract:Due to the significance of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae as a swine respiratory pathogen, acclimation measures are taken into consideration when obtaining replacement gilts from negative sources to be introduced to endemically infected herds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the optimum seeder-to-naive gilt ratio in a 4-week period for successful natural exposure to M. hyopneumoniae. Sixty gilts were divided in two groups, 21 2-week old seeder gilts were inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae, and 39 aged-matched naive gilts were exposed to the Seeders during a 4-week period. The exposure was set by dividing the gilts into six groups of 10 with different ratios of seeder-to-naive, from 1:9 until 6 Seeders and 4 naive gilts. Laryngeal swabs, oral fluids and blood samples were collected from all gilts prior to, during and after inoculation and exposure. Infection in Seeders was confirmed by development of clinical signs, seroconversion post-inoculation, and detection of M. hyopneumoniae genetic material. Naive were considered positive after 4 weeks if M. hyopneumoniae was detected on bronchial swab or fixed lung tissue. As result, 33% (3/9) naive gilts were positive in the 1:9 ratio, 75% (6/8) in 2:8, 28% (2/7) in 3:7, 33% (2/6) in 4:6, 80% (4/5) in 5:5 and 100% (4/4) in the 6:4 ratio. The estimated transmission rate (β) and expected probability of infection (ψ) were 1.28 per pig/week and 0.6, respectively. In this study, six Seeders were required in a group of 10 gilts for successful exposure to M. hyopneumoniae in a 4-week exposure period.