The Experts below are selected from a list of 618 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Minkyu Song - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • in situ surface protection of lithium metal anode in lithium Selenium Disulfide batteries with ionic liquid based electrolytes
    Nano Energy, 2020
    Co-Authors: Panpan Dong, Xiahui Zhang, Younghwan Cha, Jungin Lee, Minkyu Song
    Abstract:

    Abstract Selenium Disulfide (SeS2)–based composites have received much attention as a promising cathode material for high-energy lithium metal batteries due to their higher theoretical capacity (1342 mAh g−1) than that of Selenium (675 mAh g−1) and less severe shuttle effect than that of sulfur. However, Li–SeS2 batteries still suffer from two main challenges: (1) the development of stabilized lithium metal anodes maintaining the functional interface during cycling and (2) the high-performance SeS2 cathodes allowing long cycle life with good rate capability. Herein, we report a dense, stable LiF-rich, and conductive Li3N-rich protection layer formed in situ on lithium metal surface by the co-presence of pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquid and LiNO3 in the electrolyte. Such unique protective layer led to little morphological changes of lithium anode over cycling and effectively mitigated the growth of lithium dendrites and the unwanted side reactions with soluble cathode intermediates. The protected lithium metal anode also showed good cycling stability of repeated plating/stripping over 400 h at a practical current density of 2 mA cm−2, which is important for the safe operation of lithium metal batteries. When paired with 3D interconnected hierarchical SeS2 cathodes, Li–SeS2 battery showed good cycling performance over 500 cycles with much improved Coulombic efficiency (>98.9%) with the capacity decay of less than 0.08% per cycle after stabilization. These findings suggest a promise of stabilized lithium metal anode through the in situ formation of protective layer coupled with functional cathode design, taking one step closer toward the development of high-energy Li metal batteries with long cycle life.

  • controlled synthesis of sulfur rich polymeric Selenium sulfides as promising electrode materials for long life high rate lithium metal batteries
    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018
    Co-Authors: Panpan Dong, Xiahui Zhang, Younghwan Cha, Jungin Lee, Kee Sung Han, Minkyu Song
    Abstract:

    High-energy lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries still suffer from unsatisfactory cycle life and poor rate capability caused by the polysulfides shuttle and insulating nature of S cathodes. Here, we report our findings in the controlled synthesis of Selenium (Se)-containing S-rich co-polymers of various compositions as novel cathode materials through a facile inverse vulcanization of S with Selenium Disulfide (SeS2) and 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (DIB) as co-monomers. Nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that divinyl functional groups of DIB were chemically cross-linked with S/SeS2 chain radicals through a ring-opening polymerization. The newly formed bonds of C–S, C–Se, and S–Se in novel S–SeS2–DIB co-polymers effectively alleviate the shuttle effects of polysulfides/polyselenides. Furthermore, various electrochemical techniques confirm the positive roles of Se-containing co-polymers in enhancing the electrode reaction kinetics and the formation of stable solid electrolyt...

  • Controlled Synthesis of Sulfur-Rich Polymeric Selenium Sulfides as Promising Electrode Materials for Long-Life, High-Rate Lithium Metal Batteries
    2018
    Co-Authors: Panpan Dong, Xiahui Zhang, Younghwan Cha, Jungin Lee, Kee Sung Han, Minkyu Song
    Abstract:

    High-energy lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries still suffer from unsatisfactory cycle life and poor rate capability caused by the polysulfides shuttle and insulating nature of S cathodes. Here, we report our findings in the controlled synthesis of Selenium (Se)-containing S-rich co-polymers of various compositions as novel cathode materials through a facile inverse vulcanization of S with Selenium Disulfide (SeS2) and 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (DIB) as co-monomers. Nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that divinyl functional groups of DIB were chemically cross-linked with S/SeS2 chain radicals through a ring-opening polymerization. The newly formed bonds of C–S, C–Se, and S–Se in novel S–SeS2–DIB co-polymers effectively alleviate the shuttle effects of polysulfides/polyselenides. Furthermore, various electrochemical techniques confirm the positive roles of Se-containing co-polymers in enhancing the electrode reaction kinetics and the formation of stable solid electrolyte interphase layer with low charge-transfer resistance, leading to improved high-rate performances. The as-synthesized co-polymer was then infiltrated into well-interconnected, porous nanocarbon networks (Ketjenblack EC600JD, KB600) to provide effective paths for the fast electron transport. Due to the synergistic combination of chemical and physical confinement of the reaction intermediates during cycling, good reversibility for 500 cycles with a low decay rate of 0.0549% per cycle was achieved at 1000 mA g–1. These encouraging results suggest that the combination of chemical incorporation of SeS2 into S-rich co-polymer and the physical confinement of carbon networks is a promising strategy for advancing Li/S batteries and their viability for practical applications

Panpan Dong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • in situ surface protection of lithium metal anode in lithium Selenium Disulfide batteries with ionic liquid based electrolytes
    Nano Energy, 2020
    Co-Authors: Panpan Dong, Xiahui Zhang, Younghwan Cha, Jungin Lee, Minkyu Song
    Abstract:

    Abstract Selenium Disulfide (SeS2)–based composites have received much attention as a promising cathode material for high-energy lithium metal batteries due to their higher theoretical capacity (1342 mAh g−1) than that of Selenium (675 mAh g−1) and less severe shuttle effect than that of sulfur. However, Li–SeS2 batteries still suffer from two main challenges: (1) the development of stabilized lithium metal anodes maintaining the functional interface during cycling and (2) the high-performance SeS2 cathodes allowing long cycle life with good rate capability. Herein, we report a dense, stable LiF-rich, and conductive Li3N-rich protection layer formed in situ on lithium metal surface by the co-presence of pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquid and LiNO3 in the electrolyte. Such unique protective layer led to little morphological changes of lithium anode over cycling and effectively mitigated the growth of lithium dendrites and the unwanted side reactions with soluble cathode intermediates. The protected lithium metal anode also showed good cycling stability of repeated plating/stripping over 400 h at a practical current density of 2 mA cm−2, which is important for the safe operation of lithium metal batteries. When paired with 3D interconnected hierarchical SeS2 cathodes, Li–SeS2 battery showed good cycling performance over 500 cycles with much improved Coulombic efficiency (>98.9%) with the capacity decay of less than 0.08% per cycle after stabilization. These findings suggest a promise of stabilized lithium metal anode through the in situ formation of protective layer coupled with functional cathode design, taking one step closer toward the development of high-energy Li metal batteries with long cycle life.

  • controlled synthesis of sulfur rich polymeric Selenium sulfides as promising electrode materials for long life high rate lithium metal batteries
    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018
    Co-Authors: Panpan Dong, Xiahui Zhang, Younghwan Cha, Jungin Lee, Kee Sung Han, Minkyu Song
    Abstract:

    High-energy lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries still suffer from unsatisfactory cycle life and poor rate capability caused by the polysulfides shuttle and insulating nature of S cathodes. Here, we report our findings in the controlled synthesis of Selenium (Se)-containing S-rich co-polymers of various compositions as novel cathode materials through a facile inverse vulcanization of S with Selenium Disulfide (SeS2) and 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (DIB) as co-monomers. Nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that divinyl functional groups of DIB were chemically cross-linked with S/SeS2 chain radicals through a ring-opening polymerization. The newly formed bonds of C–S, C–Se, and S–Se in novel S–SeS2–DIB co-polymers effectively alleviate the shuttle effects of polysulfides/polyselenides. Furthermore, various electrochemical techniques confirm the positive roles of Se-containing co-polymers in enhancing the electrode reaction kinetics and the formation of stable solid electrolyt...

  • Controlled Synthesis of Sulfur-Rich Polymeric Selenium Sulfides as Promising Electrode Materials for Long-Life, High-Rate Lithium Metal Batteries
    2018
    Co-Authors: Panpan Dong, Xiahui Zhang, Younghwan Cha, Jungin Lee, Kee Sung Han, Minkyu Song
    Abstract:

    High-energy lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries still suffer from unsatisfactory cycle life and poor rate capability caused by the polysulfides shuttle and insulating nature of S cathodes. Here, we report our findings in the controlled synthesis of Selenium (Se)-containing S-rich co-polymers of various compositions as novel cathode materials through a facile inverse vulcanization of S with Selenium Disulfide (SeS2) and 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (DIB) as co-monomers. Nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that divinyl functional groups of DIB were chemically cross-linked with S/SeS2 chain radicals through a ring-opening polymerization. The newly formed bonds of C–S, C–Se, and S–Se in novel S–SeS2–DIB co-polymers effectively alleviate the shuttle effects of polysulfides/polyselenides. Furthermore, various electrochemical techniques confirm the positive roles of Se-containing co-polymers in enhancing the electrode reaction kinetics and the formation of stable solid electrolyte interphase layer with low charge-transfer resistance, leading to improved high-rate performances. The as-synthesized co-polymer was then infiltrated into well-interconnected, porous nanocarbon networks (Ketjenblack EC600JD, KB600) to provide effective paths for the fast electron transport. Due to the synergistic combination of chemical and physical confinement of the reaction intermediates during cycling, good reversibility for 500 cycles with a low decay rate of 0.0549% per cycle was achieved at 1000 mA g–1. These encouraging results suggest that the combination of chemical incorporation of SeS2 into S-rich co-polymer and the physical confinement of carbon networks is a promising strategy for advancing Li/S batteries and their viability for practical applications

Xiahui Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • in situ surface protection of lithium metal anode in lithium Selenium Disulfide batteries with ionic liquid based electrolytes
    Nano Energy, 2020
    Co-Authors: Panpan Dong, Xiahui Zhang, Younghwan Cha, Jungin Lee, Minkyu Song
    Abstract:

    Abstract Selenium Disulfide (SeS2)–based composites have received much attention as a promising cathode material for high-energy lithium metal batteries due to their higher theoretical capacity (1342 mAh g−1) than that of Selenium (675 mAh g−1) and less severe shuttle effect than that of sulfur. However, Li–SeS2 batteries still suffer from two main challenges: (1) the development of stabilized lithium metal anodes maintaining the functional interface during cycling and (2) the high-performance SeS2 cathodes allowing long cycle life with good rate capability. Herein, we report a dense, stable LiF-rich, and conductive Li3N-rich protection layer formed in situ on lithium metal surface by the co-presence of pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquid and LiNO3 in the electrolyte. Such unique protective layer led to little morphological changes of lithium anode over cycling and effectively mitigated the growth of lithium dendrites and the unwanted side reactions with soluble cathode intermediates. The protected lithium metal anode also showed good cycling stability of repeated plating/stripping over 400 h at a practical current density of 2 mA cm−2, which is important for the safe operation of lithium metal batteries. When paired with 3D interconnected hierarchical SeS2 cathodes, Li–SeS2 battery showed good cycling performance over 500 cycles with much improved Coulombic efficiency (>98.9%) with the capacity decay of less than 0.08% per cycle after stabilization. These findings suggest a promise of stabilized lithium metal anode through the in situ formation of protective layer coupled with functional cathode design, taking one step closer toward the development of high-energy Li metal batteries with long cycle life.

  • controlled synthesis of sulfur rich polymeric Selenium sulfides as promising electrode materials for long life high rate lithium metal batteries
    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018
    Co-Authors: Panpan Dong, Xiahui Zhang, Younghwan Cha, Jungin Lee, Kee Sung Han, Minkyu Song
    Abstract:

    High-energy lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries still suffer from unsatisfactory cycle life and poor rate capability caused by the polysulfides shuttle and insulating nature of S cathodes. Here, we report our findings in the controlled synthesis of Selenium (Se)-containing S-rich co-polymers of various compositions as novel cathode materials through a facile inverse vulcanization of S with Selenium Disulfide (SeS2) and 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (DIB) as co-monomers. Nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that divinyl functional groups of DIB were chemically cross-linked with S/SeS2 chain radicals through a ring-opening polymerization. The newly formed bonds of C–S, C–Se, and S–Se in novel S–SeS2–DIB co-polymers effectively alleviate the shuttle effects of polysulfides/polyselenides. Furthermore, various electrochemical techniques confirm the positive roles of Se-containing co-polymers in enhancing the electrode reaction kinetics and the formation of stable solid electrolyt...

  • Controlled Synthesis of Sulfur-Rich Polymeric Selenium Sulfides as Promising Electrode Materials for Long-Life, High-Rate Lithium Metal Batteries
    2018
    Co-Authors: Panpan Dong, Xiahui Zhang, Younghwan Cha, Jungin Lee, Kee Sung Han, Minkyu Song
    Abstract:

    High-energy lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries still suffer from unsatisfactory cycle life and poor rate capability caused by the polysulfides shuttle and insulating nature of S cathodes. Here, we report our findings in the controlled synthesis of Selenium (Se)-containing S-rich co-polymers of various compositions as novel cathode materials through a facile inverse vulcanization of S with Selenium Disulfide (SeS2) and 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (DIB) as co-monomers. Nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that divinyl functional groups of DIB were chemically cross-linked with S/SeS2 chain radicals through a ring-opening polymerization. The newly formed bonds of C–S, C–Se, and S–Se in novel S–SeS2–DIB co-polymers effectively alleviate the shuttle effects of polysulfides/polyselenides. Furthermore, various electrochemical techniques confirm the positive roles of Se-containing co-polymers in enhancing the electrode reaction kinetics and the formation of stable solid electrolyte interphase layer with low charge-transfer resistance, leading to improved high-rate performances. The as-synthesized co-polymer was then infiltrated into well-interconnected, porous nanocarbon networks (Ketjenblack EC600JD, KB600) to provide effective paths for the fast electron transport. Due to the synergistic combination of chemical and physical confinement of the reaction intermediates during cycling, good reversibility for 500 cycles with a low decay rate of 0.0549% per cycle was achieved at 1000 mA g–1. These encouraging results suggest that the combination of chemical incorporation of SeS2 into S-rich co-polymer and the physical confinement of carbon networks is a promising strategy for advancing Li/S batteries and their viability for practical applications

Younghwan Cha - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • in situ surface protection of lithium metal anode in lithium Selenium Disulfide batteries with ionic liquid based electrolytes
    Nano Energy, 2020
    Co-Authors: Panpan Dong, Xiahui Zhang, Younghwan Cha, Jungin Lee, Minkyu Song
    Abstract:

    Abstract Selenium Disulfide (SeS2)–based composites have received much attention as a promising cathode material for high-energy lithium metal batteries due to their higher theoretical capacity (1342 mAh g−1) than that of Selenium (675 mAh g−1) and less severe shuttle effect than that of sulfur. However, Li–SeS2 batteries still suffer from two main challenges: (1) the development of stabilized lithium metal anodes maintaining the functional interface during cycling and (2) the high-performance SeS2 cathodes allowing long cycle life with good rate capability. Herein, we report a dense, stable LiF-rich, and conductive Li3N-rich protection layer formed in situ on lithium metal surface by the co-presence of pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquid and LiNO3 in the electrolyte. Such unique protective layer led to little morphological changes of lithium anode over cycling and effectively mitigated the growth of lithium dendrites and the unwanted side reactions with soluble cathode intermediates. The protected lithium metal anode also showed good cycling stability of repeated plating/stripping over 400 h at a practical current density of 2 mA cm−2, which is important for the safe operation of lithium metal batteries. When paired with 3D interconnected hierarchical SeS2 cathodes, Li–SeS2 battery showed good cycling performance over 500 cycles with much improved Coulombic efficiency (>98.9%) with the capacity decay of less than 0.08% per cycle after stabilization. These findings suggest a promise of stabilized lithium metal anode through the in situ formation of protective layer coupled with functional cathode design, taking one step closer toward the development of high-energy Li metal batteries with long cycle life.

  • controlled synthesis of sulfur rich polymeric Selenium sulfides as promising electrode materials for long life high rate lithium metal batteries
    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018
    Co-Authors: Panpan Dong, Xiahui Zhang, Younghwan Cha, Jungin Lee, Kee Sung Han, Minkyu Song
    Abstract:

    High-energy lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries still suffer from unsatisfactory cycle life and poor rate capability caused by the polysulfides shuttle and insulating nature of S cathodes. Here, we report our findings in the controlled synthesis of Selenium (Se)-containing S-rich co-polymers of various compositions as novel cathode materials through a facile inverse vulcanization of S with Selenium Disulfide (SeS2) and 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (DIB) as co-monomers. Nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that divinyl functional groups of DIB were chemically cross-linked with S/SeS2 chain radicals through a ring-opening polymerization. The newly formed bonds of C–S, C–Se, and S–Se in novel S–SeS2–DIB co-polymers effectively alleviate the shuttle effects of polysulfides/polyselenides. Furthermore, various electrochemical techniques confirm the positive roles of Se-containing co-polymers in enhancing the electrode reaction kinetics and the formation of stable solid electrolyt...

  • Controlled Synthesis of Sulfur-Rich Polymeric Selenium Sulfides as Promising Electrode Materials for Long-Life, High-Rate Lithium Metal Batteries
    2018
    Co-Authors: Panpan Dong, Xiahui Zhang, Younghwan Cha, Jungin Lee, Kee Sung Han, Minkyu Song
    Abstract:

    High-energy lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries still suffer from unsatisfactory cycle life and poor rate capability caused by the polysulfides shuttle and insulating nature of S cathodes. Here, we report our findings in the controlled synthesis of Selenium (Se)-containing S-rich co-polymers of various compositions as novel cathode materials through a facile inverse vulcanization of S with Selenium Disulfide (SeS2) and 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (DIB) as co-monomers. Nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that divinyl functional groups of DIB were chemically cross-linked with S/SeS2 chain radicals through a ring-opening polymerization. The newly formed bonds of C–S, C–Se, and S–Se in novel S–SeS2–DIB co-polymers effectively alleviate the shuttle effects of polysulfides/polyselenides. Furthermore, various electrochemical techniques confirm the positive roles of Se-containing co-polymers in enhancing the electrode reaction kinetics and the formation of stable solid electrolyte interphase layer with low charge-transfer resistance, leading to improved high-rate performances. The as-synthesized co-polymer was then infiltrated into well-interconnected, porous nanocarbon networks (Ketjenblack EC600JD, KB600) to provide effective paths for the fast electron transport. Due to the synergistic combination of chemical and physical confinement of the reaction intermediates during cycling, good reversibility for 500 cycles with a low decay rate of 0.0549% per cycle was achieved at 1000 mA g–1. These encouraging results suggest that the combination of chemical incorporation of SeS2 into S-rich co-polymer and the physical confinement of carbon networks is a promising strategy for advancing Li/S batteries and their viability for practical applications

Jungin Lee - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • in situ surface protection of lithium metal anode in lithium Selenium Disulfide batteries with ionic liquid based electrolytes
    Nano Energy, 2020
    Co-Authors: Panpan Dong, Xiahui Zhang, Younghwan Cha, Jungin Lee, Minkyu Song
    Abstract:

    Abstract Selenium Disulfide (SeS2)–based composites have received much attention as a promising cathode material for high-energy lithium metal batteries due to their higher theoretical capacity (1342 mAh g−1) than that of Selenium (675 mAh g−1) and less severe shuttle effect than that of sulfur. However, Li–SeS2 batteries still suffer from two main challenges: (1) the development of stabilized lithium metal anodes maintaining the functional interface during cycling and (2) the high-performance SeS2 cathodes allowing long cycle life with good rate capability. Herein, we report a dense, stable LiF-rich, and conductive Li3N-rich protection layer formed in situ on lithium metal surface by the co-presence of pyrrolidinium-based ionic liquid and LiNO3 in the electrolyte. Such unique protective layer led to little morphological changes of lithium anode over cycling and effectively mitigated the growth of lithium dendrites and the unwanted side reactions with soluble cathode intermediates. The protected lithium metal anode also showed good cycling stability of repeated plating/stripping over 400 h at a practical current density of 2 mA cm−2, which is important for the safe operation of lithium metal batteries. When paired with 3D interconnected hierarchical SeS2 cathodes, Li–SeS2 battery showed good cycling performance over 500 cycles with much improved Coulombic efficiency (>98.9%) with the capacity decay of less than 0.08% per cycle after stabilization. These findings suggest a promise of stabilized lithium metal anode through the in situ formation of protective layer coupled with functional cathode design, taking one step closer toward the development of high-energy Li metal batteries with long cycle life.

  • controlled synthesis of sulfur rich polymeric Selenium sulfides as promising electrode materials for long life high rate lithium metal batteries
    ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018
    Co-Authors: Panpan Dong, Xiahui Zhang, Younghwan Cha, Jungin Lee, Kee Sung Han, Minkyu Song
    Abstract:

    High-energy lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries still suffer from unsatisfactory cycle life and poor rate capability caused by the polysulfides shuttle and insulating nature of S cathodes. Here, we report our findings in the controlled synthesis of Selenium (Se)-containing S-rich co-polymers of various compositions as novel cathode materials through a facile inverse vulcanization of S with Selenium Disulfide (SeS2) and 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (DIB) as co-monomers. Nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that divinyl functional groups of DIB were chemically cross-linked with S/SeS2 chain radicals through a ring-opening polymerization. The newly formed bonds of C–S, C–Se, and S–Se in novel S–SeS2–DIB co-polymers effectively alleviate the shuttle effects of polysulfides/polyselenides. Furthermore, various electrochemical techniques confirm the positive roles of Se-containing co-polymers in enhancing the electrode reaction kinetics and the formation of stable solid electrolyt...

  • Controlled Synthesis of Sulfur-Rich Polymeric Selenium Sulfides as Promising Electrode Materials for Long-Life, High-Rate Lithium Metal Batteries
    2018
    Co-Authors: Panpan Dong, Xiahui Zhang, Younghwan Cha, Jungin Lee, Kee Sung Han, Minkyu Song
    Abstract:

    High-energy lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries still suffer from unsatisfactory cycle life and poor rate capability caused by the polysulfides shuttle and insulating nature of S cathodes. Here, we report our findings in the controlled synthesis of Selenium (Se)-containing S-rich co-polymers of various compositions as novel cathode materials through a facile inverse vulcanization of S with Selenium Disulfide (SeS2) and 1,3-diisopropenylbenzene (DIB) as co-monomers. Nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that divinyl functional groups of DIB were chemically cross-linked with S/SeS2 chain radicals through a ring-opening polymerization. The newly formed bonds of C–S, C–Se, and S–Se in novel S–SeS2–DIB co-polymers effectively alleviate the shuttle effects of polysulfides/polyselenides. Furthermore, various electrochemical techniques confirm the positive roles of Se-containing co-polymers in enhancing the electrode reaction kinetics and the formation of stable solid electrolyte interphase layer with low charge-transfer resistance, leading to improved high-rate performances. The as-synthesized co-polymer was then infiltrated into well-interconnected, porous nanocarbon networks (Ketjenblack EC600JD, KB600) to provide effective paths for the fast electron transport. Due to the synergistic combination of chemical and physical confinement of the reaction intermediates during cycling, good reversibility for 500 cycles with a low decay rate of 0.0549% per cycle was achieved at 1000 mA g–1. These encouraging results suggest that the combination of chemical incorporation of SeS2 into S-rich co-polymer and the physical confinement of carbon networks is a promising strategy for advancing Li/S batteries and their viability for practical applications