The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lucie Germain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the self assembly Approach as a tool for the tissue engineering of a bi lamellar human cornea
Methods of Molecular Biology, 2020Co-Authors: Gaetan Lebel, Lucie Germain, Pascale Desjardins, Camille Couture, Sylvain L GuerinAbstract:Tissue engineering is a flourishing field of regenerative medicine that allows the reconstruction of various tissues of our body, including the cornea. In addition to addressing the growing need for organ transplants, such tissue-engineered substitutes may also serve as good in vitro models for fundamental and preclinical studies. Recent progress in the field of corneal tissue engineering has led to the development of new technologies allowing the reconstruction of a human bi-lamellar cornea. One unique feature of this model is the complete absence of exogenous material. Indeed, these human corneal equivalents are exclusively composed of untransformed human corneal fibroblasts (hCFs) entangled in their own extracellular matrix, as well as untransformed human corneal epithelial cells (hCECs), both of which isolated from donor corneas. The reconstructed human bi-lamellar cornea thereby exhibits a well-organized stroma as well as a well-differentiated epithelium. This chapter describes the methods used for the isolation and culture of hCFs, the production and assembly of hCFs stromal sheets, the seeding of hCECs, and the maturation of the tissue-engineered cornea.
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progress in developing a living human tissue engineered tri leaflet heart valve assembled from tissue produced by the self assembly Approach
Acta Biomaterialia, 2014Co-Authors: Jean Dube, François A. Auger, Robert Gauvin, Jeanmichel Bourget, Hugues Lafrance, Charles J Roberge, Lucie GermainAbstract:The aortic heart valve is constantly subjected to pulsatile flow and pressure gradients which, associated with cardiovascular risk factors and abnormal hemodynamics (i.e. altered wall shear stress), can cause stenosis and calcification of the leaflets and result in valve malfunction and impaired circulation. Available options for valve replacement include homograft, allogenic or xenogenic graft as well as the implantation of a mechanical valve. A tissue-engineered heart valve containing living autologous cells would represent an alternative option, particularly for pediatric patients, but still needs to be developed. The present study was designed to demonstrate the feasibility of using a living tissue sheet produced by the Self-Assembly method, to replace the bovine pericardium currently used for the reconstruction of a stented human heart valve. In this study, human fibroblasts were cultured in the presence of sodium ascorbate to produce tissue sheets. These sheets were superimposed to create a thick construct. Tissue pieces were cut from these constructs and assembled together on a stent, based on techniques used for commercially available replacement valves. Histology and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the fibroblasts were embedded in a dense extracellular matrix produced in vitro. The mechanical properties measured were consistent with the fact that the engineered tissue was resistant and could be cut, sutured and assembled on a wire frame typically used in bioprosthetic valve assembly. After a culture period in vitro, the construct was cohesive and did not disrupt or disassemble. The tissue engineered heart valve was stimulated in a pulsatile flow bioreactor and was able to sustain multiple duty cycles. This prototype of a tissue-engineered heart valve containing cells embedded in their own extracellular matrix and sewn on a wire frame has the potential to be strong enough to support physiological stress. The next step will be to test this valve extensively in a bioreactor and at a later date, in a large animal model in order to assess in vivo patency of the graft.
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reconstruction of a human cornea by the self assembly Approach of tissue engineering using the three native cell types
Molecular Vision, 2010Co-Authors: Stephanie Proulx, François A. Auger, J Uwamaliya, Patrick Carrier, A Deschambeault, C Audet, Claude J Giasson, Sylvain L Guerin, Lucie GermainAbstract:Purpose The purpose of this study was to produce and characterize human tissue-engineered corneas reconstructed using all three corneal cell types (epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells) by the Self-Assembly Approach. Methods Fibroblasts cultured in medium containing serum and ascorbic acid secreted their own extracellular matrix and formed sheets that were superposed to reconstruct a stromal tissue. Endothelial and epithelial cells were seeded on each side of the reconstructed stroma. After culturing at the air-liquid interface, the engineered corneas were fixed for histology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunofluorescence labeling of epithelial keratins, basement membrane components, Na+/K+-ATPase α1, and collagen type I was also performed. Results Epithelial and endothelial cells adhered to the reconstructed stroma. After 10 days at the air-liquid interface, the corneal epithelial cells stratified (4 to 5 cell layers) and differentiated into well defined basal and wing cells that also expressed Na+/K+-ATPase α1 protein, keratin 3/12, and basic keratins. Basal epithelial cells from the reconstructed epithelium formed many hemidesmosomes and secreted a well defined basement membrane rich in laminin V and collagen VII. Endothelial cells formed a monolayer of tightly-packed cells and also expressed the function related protein Na+/K+-ATPase α1. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of producing a complete tissue-engineered human cornea, similar to native corneas, using untransformed fibroblasts, epithelial and endothelial cells, without the need for exogenous biomaterial.
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reconstruction of a human cornea by the self assembly Approach of tissue engineering using the three native cell types
Molecular Vision, 2010Co-Authors: Stephanie Proulx, François A. Auger, J Uwamaliya, Patrick Carrier, A Deschambeault, C Audet, Claude J Giasson, Sylvain L Guerin, Lucie GermainAbstract:Ecoled’Optometrie, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, CanadaPurpose: The purpose of this study was to produce and characterize human tissue-engineered corneas reconstructed usingall three corneal cell types (epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells) by the Self-Assembly Approach.Methods: Fibroblasts cultured in medium containing serum and ascorbic acid secreted their own extracellular matrix andformed sheets that were superposed to reconstruct a stromal tissue. Endothelial and epithelial cells were seeded on eachside of the reconstructed stroma. After culturing at the air-liquid interface, the engineered corneas were fixed for histologyand transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunofluorescence labeling of epithelial keratins, basement membranecomponents, Na
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tissue engineered vascular adventitia with vasa vasorum improves graft integration and vascularization through inosculation
Tissue Engineering Part A, 2010Co-Authors: Maxime Guillemette, Lucie Germain, Robert Gauvin, Cindy Perron, Raymond Labbe, François A. AugerAbstract:Tissue-engineered blood vessel is one of the most promising living substitutes for coronary and peripheral artery bypass graft surgery. However, one of the main limitations in tissue engineering is vascularization of the construct before implantation. Such a vascularization could play an important role in graft perfusion and host integration of tissue-engineered vascular adventitia. Using our Self-Assembly Approach, we developed a method to vascularize tissue-engineered blood vessel constructs by coculturing endothelial cells in a fibroblast-laden tissue sheet. After subcutaneous implantation, enhancement of graft integration within the surrounding environment was noted after 48 h and an important improvement in blood circulation of the grafted tissue at 1 week postimplantation. The distinctive branching structure of end arteries characterizing the in vivo adventitial vasa vasorum has also been observed in long-term postimplantation follow-up. After a 90-day implantation period, hybrid vessels containing ...
François A. Auger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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progress in developing a living human tissue engineered tri leaflet heart valve assembled from tissue produced by the self assembly Approach
Acta Biomaterialia, 2014Co-Authors: Jean Dube, François A. Auger, Robert Gauvin, Jeanmichel Bourget, Hugues Lafrance, Charles J Roberge, Lucie GermainAbstract:The aortic heart valve is constantly subjected to pulsatile flow and pressure gradients which, associated with cardiovascular risk factors and abnormal hemodynamics (i.e. altered wall shear stress), can cause stenosis and calcification of the leaflets and result in valve malfunction and impaired circulation. Available options for valve replacement include homograft, allogenic or xenogenic graft as well as the implantation of a mechanical valve. A tissue-engineered heart valve containing living autologous cells would represent an alternative option, particularly for pediatric patients, but still needs to be developed. The present study was designed to demonstrate the feasibility of using a living tissue sheet produced by the Self-Assembly method, to replace the bovine pericardium currently used for the reconstruction of a stented human heart valve. In this study, human fibroblasts were cultured in the presence of sodium ascorbate to produce tissue sheets. These sheets were superimposed to create a thick construct. Tissue pieces were cut from these constructs and assembled together on a stent, based on techniques used for commercially available replacement valves. Histology and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the fibroblasts were embedded in a dense extracellular matrix produced in vitro. The mechanical properties measured were consistent with the fact that the engineered tissue was resistant and could be cut, sutured and assembled on a wire frame typically used in bioprosthetic valve assembly. After a culture period in vitro, the construct was cohesive and did not disrupt or disassemble. The tissue engineered heart valve was stimulated in a pulsatile flow bioreactor and was able to sustain multiple duty cycles. This prototype of a tissue-engineered heart valve containing cells embedded in their own extracellular matrix and sewn on a wire frame has the potential to be strong enough to support physiological stress. The next step will be to test this valve extensively in a bioreactor and at a later date, in a large animal model in order to assess in vivo patency of the graft.
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reconstruction of a human cornea by the self assembly Approach of tissue engineering using the three native cell types
Molecular Vision, 2010Co-Authors: Stephanie Proulx, François A. Auger, J Uwamaliya, Patrick Carrier, A Deschambeault, C Audet, Claude J Giasson, Sylvain L Guerin, Lucie GermainAbstract:Purpose The purpose of this study was to produce and characterize human tissue-engineered corneas reconstructed using all three corneal cell types (epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells) by the Self-Assembly Approach. Methods Fibroblasts cultured in medium containing serum and ascorbic acid secreted their own extracellular matrix and formed sheets that were superposed to reconstruct a stromal tissue. Endothelial and epithelial cells were seeded on each side of the reconstructed stroma. After culturing at the air-liquid interface, the engineered corneas were fixed for histology and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunofluorescence labeling of epithelial keratins, basement membrane components, Na+/K+-ATPase α1, and collagen type I was also performed. Results Epithelial and endothelial cells adhered to the reconstructed stroma. After 10 days at the air-liquid interface, the corneal epithelial cells stratified (4 to 5 cell layers) and differentiated into well defined basal and wing cells that also expressed Na+/K+-ATPase α1 protein, keratin 3/12, and basic keratins. Basal epithelial cells from the reconstructed epithelium formed many hemidesmosomes and secreted a well defined basement membrane rich in laminin V and collagen VII. Endothelial cells formed a monolayer of tightly-packed cells and also expressed the function related protein Na+/K+-ATPase α1. Conclusions This study demonstrates the feasibility of producing a complete tissue-engineered human cornea, similar to native corneas, using untransformed fibroblasts, epithelial and endothelial cells, without the need for exogenous biomaterial.
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reconstruction of a human cornea by the self assembly Approach of tissue engineering using the three native cell types
Molecular Vision, 2010Co-Authors: Stephanie Proulx, François A. Auger, J Uwamaliya, Patrick Carrier, A Deschambeault, C Audet, Claude J Giasson, Sylvain L Guerin, Lucie GermainAbstract:Ecoled’Optometrie, Universite de Montreal, Montreal, QC, CanadaPurpose: The purpose of this study was to produce and characterize human tissue-engineered corneas reconstructed usingall three corneal cell types (epithelial, stromal, and endothelial cells) by the Self-Assembly Approach.Methods: Fibroblasts cultured in medium containing serum and ascorbic acid secreted their own extracellular matrix andformed sheets that were superposed to reconstruct a stromal tissue. Endothelial and epithelial cells were seeded on eachside of the reconstructed stroma. After culturing at the air-liquid interface, the engineered corneas were fixed for histologyand transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Immunofluorescence labeling of epithelial keratins, basement membranecomponents, Na
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tissue engineered vascular adventitia with vasa vasorum improves graft integration and vascularization through inosculation
Tissue Engineering Part A, 2010Co-Authors: Maxime Guillemette, Lucie Germain, Robert Gauvin, Cindy Perron, Raymond Labbe, François A. AugerAbstract:Tissue-engineered blood vessel is one of the most promising living substitutes for coronary and peripheral artery bypass graft surgery. However, one of the main limitations in tissue engineering is vascularization of the construct before implantation. Such a vascularization could play an important role in graft perfusion and host integration of tissue-engineered vascular adventitia. Using our Self-Assembly Approach, we developed a method to vascularize tissue-engineered blood vessel constructs by coculturing endothelial cells in a fibroblast-laden tissue sheet. After subcutaneous implantation, enhancement of graft integration within the surrounding environment was noted after 48 h and an important improvement in blood circulation of the grafted tissue at 1 week postimplantation. The distinctive branching structure of end arteries characterizing the in vivo adventitial vasa vasorum has also been observed in long-term postimplantation follow-up. After a 90-day implantation period, hybrid vessels containing ...
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a novel single step self assembly Approach for the fabrication of tissue engineered vascular constructs
Tissue Engineering Part A, 2010Co-Authors: Robert Gauvin, François A. Auger, Robert M. Nerem, Taby Ahsan, Danielle Larouche, Philippe Levesque, Jean Dube, Lucie GermainAbstract:There is a clinical need for a functional tissue-engineered blood vessel because small-caliber arterial graft (<5 mm) applications are limited by the availability of suitable autologous vessels and suboptimal performances of synthetic grafts. This study presents an analysis of the mechanical properties of tissue-engineered vascular constructs produced using a novel single-step Self-Assembly Approach. Briefly, the tissue-engineered vascular media were produced by culturing smooth muscle cell in the presence of sodium l-ascorbate until the formation of a cohesive tissue sheet. This sheet was then rolled around a tubular support to create a media construct. Alternatively, the tissue-engineered vascular adventitia was produced by rolling a tissue sheet obtained from dermal fibroblasts or saphenous vein fibroblasts. The standard Self-Assembly Approach to obtain the two-layer tissue-engineered vascular constructs comprising both media and adventitia constructs consists of two steps in which tissue-engineered va...
Robert Gauvin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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progress in developing a living human tissue engineered tri leaflet heart valve assembled from tissue produced by the self assembly Approach
Acta Biomaterialia, 2014Co-Authors: Jean Dube, François A. Auger, Robert Gauvin, Jeanmichel Bourget, Hugues Lafrance, Charles J Roberge, Lucie GermainAbstract:The aortic heart valve is constantly subjected to pulsatile flow and pressure gradients which, associated with cardiovascular risk factors and abnormal hemodynamics (i.e. altered wall shear stress), can cause stenosis and calcification of the leaflets and result in valve malfunction and impaired circulation. Available options for valve replacement include homograft, allogenic or xenogenic graft as well as the implantation of a mechanical valve. A tissue-engineered heart valve containing living autologous cells would represent an alternative option, particularly for pediatric patients, but still needs to be developed. The present study was designed to demonstrate the feasibility of using a living tissue sheet produced by the Self-Assembly method, to replace the bovine pericardium currently used for the reconstruction of a stented human heart valve. In this study, human fibroblasts were cultured in the presence of sodium ascorbate to produce tissue sheets. These sheets were superimposed to create a thick construct. Tissue pieces were cut from these constructs and assembled together on a stent, based on techniques used for commercially available replacement valves. Histology and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the fibroblasts were embedded in a dense extracellular matrix produced in vitro. The mechanical properties measured were consistent with the fact that the engineered tissue was resistant and could be cut, sutured and assembled on a wire frame typically used in bioprosthetic valve assembly. After a culture period in vitro, the construct was cohesive and did not disrupt or disassemble. The tissue engineered heart valve was stimulated in a pulsatile flow bioreactor and was able to sustain multiple duty cycles. This prototype of a tissue-engineered heart valve containing cells embedded in their own extracellular matrix and sewn on a wire frame has the potential to be strong enough to support physiological stress. The next step will be to test this valve extensively in a bioreactor and at a later date, in a large animal model in order to assess in vivo patency of the graft.
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tissue engineered vascular adventitia with vasa vasorum improves graft integration and vascularization through inosculation
Tissue Engineering Part A, 2010Co-Authors: Maxime Guillemette, Lucie Germain, Robert Gauvin, Cindy Perron, Raymond Labbe, François A. AugerAbstract:Tissue-engineered blood vessel is one of the most promising living substitutes for coronary and peripheral artery bypass graft surgery. However, one of the main limitations in tissue engineering is vascularization of the construct before implantation. Such a vascularization could play an important role in graft perfusion and host integration of tissue-engineered vascular adventitia. Using our Self-Assembly Approach, we developed a method to vascularize tissue-engineered blood vessel constructs by coculturing endothelial cells in a fibroblast-laden tissue sheet. After subcutaneous implantation, enhancement of graft integration within the surrounding environment was noted after 48 h and an important improvement in blood circulation of the grafted tissue at 1 week postimplantation. The distinctive branching structure of end arteries characterizing the in vivo adventitial vasa vasorum has also been observed in long-term postimplantation follow-up. After a 90-day implantation period, hybrid vessels containing ...
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a novel single step self assembly Approach for the fabrication of tissue engineered vascular constructs
Tissue Engineering Part A, 2010Co-Authors: Robert Gauvin, François A. Auger, Robert M. Nerem, Taby Ahsan, Danielle Larouche, Philippe Levesque, Jean Dube, Lucie GermainAbstract:There is a clinical need for a functional tissue-engineered blood vessel because small-caliber arterial graft (<5 mm) applications are limited by the availability of suitable autologous vessels and suboptimal performances of synthetic grafts. This study presents an analysis of the mechanical properties of tissue-engineered vascular constructs produced using a novel single-step Self-Assembly Approach. Briefly, the tissue-engineered vascular media were produced by culturing smooth muscle cell in the presence of sodium l-ascorbate until the formation of a cohesive tissue sheet. This sheet was then rolled around a tubular support to create a media construct. Alternatively, the tissue-engineered vascular adventitia was produced by rolling a tissue sheet obtained from dermal fibroblasts or saphenous vein fibroblasts. The standard Self-Assembly Approach to obtain the two-layer tissue-engineered vascular constructs comprising both media and adventitia constructs consists of two steps in which tissue-engineered va...
Ian Manners - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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uniform patchy platelets by seeded heteroepitaxial growth of crystallizable polymer blends in two dimensions
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2017Co-Authors: Ali Nazemi, Mitchell A Winnik, Liam R Macfarlane, Robert L Harniman, Mingsiao Hsiao, Charl F J Faul, Ian MannersAbstract:Rectangular platelets formed by the Self-Assembly of block copolymers in selective solvents are of interest for a range of applications. Recently, we showed that the seeded growth of crystallizable blends of a block copolymer and homopolymer yields well-defined, low area dispersity examples of these two-dimensional (2D) structures. The key feature was the use of the same crystallizable polymer segment in the seed and blend components to enable an efficient homoepitaxial growth process. Herein we demonstrate that this 2D crystallization-driven Self-Assembly Approach can be extended to heteroepitaxial growth by the use of different crystallizable polymers with compatible crystal structures. This allows the formation of well-defined “patchy” rectangular platelets and platelet block comicelles with different core chemistries. The use of scanning transmission electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy provided key information on the spatial location of the components in the resulting assemblies a...
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Uniform “Patchy” Platelets by Seeded Heteroepitaxial Growth of Crystallizable Polymer Blends in Two Dimensions
2017Co-Authors: Ali Nazemi, Mitchell A Winnik, Liam R Macfarlane, Robert L Harniman, Mingsiao Hsiao, Charl F J Faul, Ian MannersAbstract:Rectangular platelets formed by the Self-Assembly of block copolymers in selective solvents are of interest for a range of applications. Recently, we showed that the seeded growth of crystallizable blends of a block copolymer and homopolymer yields well-defined, low area dispersity examples of these two-dimensional (2D) structures. The key feature was the use of the same crystallizable polymer segment in the seed and blend components to enable an efficient homoepitaxial growth process. Herein we demonstrate that this 2D crystallization-driven Self-Assembly Approach can be extended to heteroepitaxial growth by the use of different crystallizable polymers with compatible crystal structures. This allows the formation of well-defined “patchy” rectangular platelets and platelet block comicelles with different core chemistries. The use of scanning transmission electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy provided key information on the spatial location of the components in the resulting assemblies and thereby valuable insight into the 2D heteroepitaxial growth process
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tailored hierarchical micelle architectures using living crystallization driven self assembly in two dimensions
Nature Chemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Zachary M Hudson, Charlotte E Boott, Matthew E Robinson, Paul A Rupar, Mitchell A Winnik, Ian MannersAbstract:Self-Assembly is commonly used to construct complex nanostructures from soft matter. Now, using the living crystallization-driven Self-Assembly Approach, controlled nanostructure growth in both one and two dimensions has been achieved. Uniform lenticular multiblock platelets, as well as hierarchical structures analogous to nanoscale single- and double-headed arrows and spears have been prepared with controlled sizes in two dimensions.
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colour tunable fluorescent multiblock micelles
Nature Communications, 2014Co-Authors: Zachary M Hudson, Mitchell A Winnik, David J Lunn, Ian MannersAbstract:Emerging strategies based on the Self-Assembly of block copolymers have recently enabled the bottom-up fabrication of nanostructured materials with spatially distinct functional regions. Concurrently, a drive for further miniaturization in applications such as optics, electronics and diagnostic technology has led to intense interest in nanomaterials with well-defined patterns of emission colour. Using a series of fluorescent block copolymers and the crystallization-driven living Self-Assembly Approach, we herein describe the synthesis of multicompartment micelles in which the emission of each segment can be controlled to produce colours throughout the visible spectrum. This represents a bottom-up synthetic route to objects analogous to nanoscale pixels, into which complex patterns may be written. Because of their small size and high density of encoded information, these findings could lead to the development of new materials for applications in, for example, biological diagnostics, miniaturized display technology and the preparation of encoded nanomaterials with high data density.
Jean Dube - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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progress in developing a living human tissue engineered tri leaflet heart valve assembled from tissue produced by the self assembly Approach
Acta Biomaterialia, 2014Co-Authors: Jean Dube, François A. Auger, Robert Gauvin, Jeanmichel Bourget, Hugues Lafrance, Charles J Roberge, Lucie GermainAbstract:The aortic heart valve is constantly subjected to pulsatile flow and pressure gradients which, associated with cardiovascular risk factors and abnormal hemodynamics (i.e. altered wall shear stress), can cause stenosis and calcification of the leaflets and result in valve malfunction and impaired circulation. Available options for valve replacement include homograft, allogenic or xenogenic graft as well as the implantation of a mechanical valve. A tissue-engineered heart valve containing living autologous cells would represent an alternative option, particularly for pediatric patients, but still needs to be developed. The present study was designed to demonstrate the feasibility of using a living tissue sheet produced by the Self-Assembly method, to replace the bovine pericardium currently used for the reconstruction of a stented human heart valve. In this study, human fibroblasts were cultured in the presence of sodium ascorbate to produce tissue sheets. These sheets were superimposed to create a thick construct. Tissue pieces were cut from these constructs and assembled together on a stent, based on techniques used for commercially available replacement valves. Histology and transmission electron microscopy analysis showed that the fibroblasts were embedded in a dense extracellular matrix produced in vitro. The mechanical properties measured were consistent with the fact that the engineered tissue was resistant and could be cut, sutured and assembled on a wire frame typically used in bioprosthetic valve assembly. After a culture period in vitro, the construct was cohesive and did not disrupt or disassemble. The tissue engineered heart valve was stimulated in a pulsatile flow bioreactor and was able to sustain multiple duty cycles. This prototype of a tissue-engineered heart valve containing cells embedded in their own extracellular matrix and sewn on a wire frame has the potential to be strong enough to support physiological stress. The next step will be to test this valve extensively in a bioreactor and at a later date, in a large animal model in order to assess in vivo patency of the graft.
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a novel single step self assembly Approach for the fabrication of tissue engineered vascular constructs
Tissue Engineering Part A, 2010Co-Authors: Robert Gauvin, François A. Auger, Robert M. Nerem, Taby Ahsan, Danielle Larouche, Philippe Levesque, Jean Dube, Lucie GermainAbstract:There is a clinical need for a functional tissue-engineered blood vessel because small-caliber arterial graft (<5 mm) applications are limited by the availability of suitable autologous vessels and suboptimal performances of synthetic grafts. This study presents an analysis of the mechanical properties of tissue-engineered vascular constructs produced using a novel single-step Self-Assembly Approach. Briefly, the tissue-engineered vascular media were produced by culturing smooth muscle cell in the presence of sodium l-ascorbate until the formation of a cohesive tissue sheet. This sheet was then rolled around a tubular support to create a media construct. Alternatively, the tissue-engineered vascular adventitia was produced by rolling a tissue sheet obtained from dermal fibroblasts or saphenous vein fibroblasts. The standard Self-Assembly Approach to obtain the two-layer tissue-engineered vascular constructs comprising both media and adventitia constructs consists of two steps in which tissue-engineered va...